Navigating the Shifting Landscape of Lighting Codes
and How LEDs Can Help
Anne Cheney, LC, LEED® AP, IES Marty Salzberg, IALD, IES
Senior Designer Senior Associate
Cooley Monato Studio Cline Bettridge Bernstein Lighting
Navigating the Shifting Landscape of Lighting Codes and How LEDs Can Help
1. Lighting Codes, Standards and Criteria
2. Process for determining the basis of design
3. Energy Code update
4. Challenges of using LED technology to beat energy code criteria
5. Future energy code
Navigating the Shifting Landscape of Lighting Codes and How LEDs Can Help
Codes
ProcessLEDs
FutureU
pdate
• Classify the differences between lighting Codes, Standards, and Criteria
• Codes• Standards• Criteria• Green Building
Rating Systems
LIGHTING CODES, STANDARDS, AND CRITERIA
CODES
STAN
DARD
S
CRITERIA
GRE
EN
RATI
NG
S
Lighting Codes:
• A set of rules that specify minimum criteria that must be met by law.
1. Construction2. Energy
Conservation
Lighting Codes:
1. Energy Conservation Code
2. Building Code3. Electrical Code 4. Safety Code 5. Health Code
Lighting Codes:
• Energy Conservation Codes International Energy
Conservation Code [IECC] - Code and Model Ordinance
State Energy Codes City Energy Codes
Lighting Codes:
• Building Codes International
Building Code [IBC]
State Building Codes
City Building Codes
Lighting Codes:
• Electrical Codes International Code
Council Electrical Code (Model Ordinance)
National Electrical Code, National Fire Protection Agency [NFPA] 70
State Electrical Codes Local Electrical Codes
(NYC, Chicago)
Lighting Codes:
• Safety Codes NFPA 101, Life Safety
Code NFPA 130, Standard for
Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems
NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code
ASME 17.1-2013 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
Lighting Codes:
• Health CodesFDA Food CodeState Health CodesCity Health Codes
regarding lighting at food service and pool/spa areas
Lighting Standards:
• Good lighting design and lighting engineering practices.
• Energy Usage• Lighting Design• Lighting Systems
Lighting Standards:
• Energy UsageASHRAE 90.1,
Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (uses ANSI process)
Lighting Standards:
• Lighting Design IES Lighting
Handbook, 10th Edition IES Recommended
Practices IDA Model Lighting
Ordinance CIE Standards CEN Standards
Lighting Standards:
• Lighting SystemsUL - Underwriters
Laboratories Inc.NEMANIST
Lighting Criteria:
• A set of lighting rules created by private and public organizations or individuals, based on standards, codes and experience
Lighting Criteria:
• Proscriptive• Prescriptive
• Government Federal/Country State City/Local Other
• Private Corporate lighting standards Professional Organization standards Individual
Lighting Criteria:
Lighting Criteria:
• GovernmentFederal/CountryStateCity/LocalOther
• Private
• Government• Private
Corporate lighting standards
Professional Organization standards
Individual
Lighting Criteria:
Green Building Rating Systems & Green Building Standards/Codes:• Green Building
Rating Systems• LEED• Green Globes• BREEAM
• Green Construction Codes/Standards
• ASHRAE 189.1• IGCC
LIGHTING CODES, STANDARDS, AND CRITERIA:
• Assess which codes, standards and criteria apply to a given project and learn strategies for building project team consensus
Collect information from Client and Project Team to determine relevant lighting codes, standards and criteria:
• Who is your Client?• What type of project?• Where is the project?
• Country, State, City• Public or Private
property• When is the drawing
set getting filed?
Collect Research – Try to find out what codes, standards and criteria apply before asking the Client and Project Team.
• Experience
• Research online• Government web
sites• Lighting code blogs,
articles, web sites• Professional
organization web sites
• Ask advice
CODES
STAN
DARD
S
GRE
EN
RATI
NG
S
CRITERIA
Final Determination of Project Codes, Standards and Criteria
• Determine who on your project team is filing code compliance documents. Confirm with Client
they are contracted for this task
Direct discussion to this team member
Final Determination of Project Codes, Standards and Criteria
• Build consensus with the team
• Ask all team members which codes they are aware of that the lighting design must comply with.
• Confirm with person filing code compliance documents that they agree with input
• Defend any difference of opinion you have
Final Determination of Project Codes, Standards and Criteria
• Encourage a relaxed exchange of ideas and suggest code types they might not equate with lighting:
• Are there relevant health codes?
• Was there a local building code that they discovered on a similar project?
• Is there a local electrical code that might have lighting criteria?
Final Determination of Project Codes, Standards and Criteria
• Confirm full list of codes with Design Team
• Confirm lighting criteria with Client
• Collect copies of codes and criteria
• Publish list of lighting assumptions based on discussions with Client and Design Team
RECENTLY ADOPTED CODES AND STANDARDS
• Review of ASHRAE 90.1 2010 and IECC 2012
Status of Code Adoption by State
IECC 2009/ASHRAE 90.1-2007 ADOPTION AS OF MARCH 2011
IECC 2012/ASHRAE 90.1-2010 ADOPTION AS OF JAN. 2014
ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010Major Changes From 2007 Version
Expanded exterior LPD requirements• Exterior Lighting ZonesRevised/Corrected Interior LPDsAlterations/Renovations/Expansion• 10%More Required Controls
LZ-0
Lighting Zone 0 should be applied to areas in which permanent lighting is not expected – No Ambient Light
Recommended default zone for wilderness areas, parksand preserves, and undeveloped rural areas.
Includes protected wildlife areas and corridors.
Zone 0 Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
Base Site Allowance None 500 W 600 W 750 W 1300 W
Tradable Surfaces Uncovered Parking Areas
Parking areas and
drives None 0.04 W/ft2
0.06 W/ft2 0.10 W/ft2 0.13 W/ft2
Zonal Exterior Power Allowance SAMPLE CHANGE
LZ-1
Lighting Zone 1 pertains to areas that desire low ambient lighting levels Recommended default zone for rural and low density residential areas. May also include the developed areas in parks and other natural settings
Includes residential single or two family; agricultural zone districts; rural residential zone districts; business parks; open space include preserves in developed areas.
LZ-2
Lighting Zone 2 pertains to areas with moderate ambient lighting levels
Recommended default zone for light commercial business districts and high density or mixed use residential districts.
Includes neighborhood business districts; churches, hospitals, schools and neighborhood recreation facilities; and light industrial zoning with modest nighttime uses or lighting requirements
LZ-3
Lighting Zone 3 pertains to areas with moderately high lighting levels.
Recommended default zone for large cities’ business districts
Includes town centers, gas stations, nighttime active exterior retail, business zone districts; commercial mixed use; and heavy industrial and/or manufacturing zone districts.
LZ-4
Lighting Zone 4 pertains to areas of high ambient lighting levels and limited to specific intense night uses within large metropolitan areasNot a default zone.
Includes high intensity business or industrial zone districts.
Reductions in LPDs forBuilding Area Method
TABLE 9.6.1 Lighting Power Densities Using the Space-by-Space Method Common Space Typesa
LPD, W/ft2 RCR Threshold
LPD, W/ft2 RCR Threshold
Atrium— First Three Floors First 40 feet in Height
0.6 0.03 per ft (height)
NA
Atrium— Each Additional Floor Height Above 40 Feet
0.2 0.02 per ft (height)
NA
Classroom/ Lecture/ Training
1.4 1.24 4
For Penitentiary 1.3 Conference/ Meeting/ Multipurpose
1.3 1.23 6
Corridor/ Transition 0.5 0.66 Width < 8 ft
Laboratory 1.4 For Classrooms 1.28 6 For Medical/ Industrial/ Research
1.81 6
Lobby 1.3 0.65 4 For Hotel 1.1 For Performing Arts Theater
3.3 2.00 6
For Motion Picture Theater
1.1 0.52 4
Dressing/ Locker/ Fitting Room
0.6 0.75 6
Lounge/ Recreation 1.2 0.73 4 For Hospital 0.8
Office—Enclosed 1.1 1.11 8 Office—Open Plan 1.1 0.98 4 Restrooms 0.9 0.98 8 Sales Area [for accent lighting, see Section 9.6.2(b)]
1.7 1.68 6
Stairs – Active Stairway 0.6 0.69 10 Active Storage 0.8 0.63 6
Reductions in LPDs for Most Spaces in the Space-by-Space Method - SAMPLE
Revised/Corrected Interior LPDs - Examples
Methodology – Reviewed Space Type Models & Technologies
INCREASED ALLOWANCES Restrooms - Why ?
Partitions
STAYED THE SAME
Library Stacks – Why? Improved Technology offset by partitions
DECREASED ALLOWANCE• Lobby – Why ? Model still had decorative lights
• Classroom/Lecture/Training – Why ? Improved Technology
NEW CATEGORIES• Laboratory for Medical/Industrial/Research
New Atrium Allowance Calculation Method
40’
Decorative Allowance Language
Room Cavity Ratio Adjustment for unusual spaces
• Available only when using the space-by-space method• Calculate Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) for a room• If greater than listed RCR threshold type, a 20% increase is allowed
Control incentives for advanced controls - SAMPLE
Finding the Allowances on COMCheck
Finding the Allowances on COMCheck
Finding the Allowances on COMCheck
Finding the Allowances on COMCheck
Finding the RCR Adder on COMCheck
Finding the RCR Adder on COMCheck
Finding the Retail, Decorative and Control Incentive Allowances on COMCheck
Finding the Control Incentive Allowances on COMCheck
Finding the Retail, Decorative and Control Incentive Allowances on COMCheck
Finding the Retail Allowance on COMCheck
Finding the Retail Allowance on COMCheck
Final Retail Space with All Adders on COMCheck
8,400 Watts Base Wattage Allowance
Possible 24,089 Watts using Maximum of ALL Adders
ASHRAE/IES 90.1-2010Major Changes From 2007 Version• Daylighting control requirements and skylights
• Expanded occupancy sensor control
• Exterior after-hours lighting control
• Parking garage daylight and controls
• Stairwell control (unoccupied 50% reduction)
• Receptacle 50% auto shut-off control
• Functional Testing (commissioning)
30 total addenda – most are on controls
IECC 2012
Major Reorganization from 2009 Version
75% Residential Efficiency • Low Voltage Exempt
Space-by-space LPD Tables• Similar to ASHRAE, but no
Decorative Allowance
Fewer Control Requirements than ASHRAE
Section Numbering Changed
LEDs – The Transition from Legacy Technologies to SSL
There’s always a learning curve
Judging color in the world of LEDs – How do we do it?
• CRI
• CCT
• MacAdam Ellipses
• DU’V’
• CQS
• Gamut Area
• Empirical Review of sources
• ?????
MR16/ PAR Halogen Accent Lights LED
Center Beam Candlepower: 12,500 vs. 14,000 – 11,500 depending on CRI
Watts: 37+transformer vs. 16
Life: 5,000 hrs. vs. 50,000 hrs.
Color: 3,000K vs. 3,000 or 2,700KCRI: 100 vs. 80+ or 90+
Beam: 10° vs. 10°Field: ?
Dimming Range: 100% vs. Depends on Driver/Dimmer Compatibility
CFL LED
Compare: Watts, Delivered Lumens, Spacing to Mounting Height Ratios, Recessing Depth and Aperture Size
15W 21W 28W
Industrial/ Warehouse/Gymnasium High Bays – replacing 400 Watt MH (460w Connected)
Ranging from 16,000 lumens at 169 watts to 25,230 lumens at 247 watts
What LEDs can do that other sources can’t:
Tunability – color, output and watts, • May be based on architectural constraints or
energy usage goals
Distribution • punch with dimming
Forms – new form factors
CMH PAR LED
Halogen PAR Track LED
Xenon / Fluorescent Coves and Display Cases LED
2X2s and 1X4s
LED
ASHRAE 90.1-2013
• Published in late 2013
• Adopted – not yet• May be adopted as a Stretch Code
• LPD review to correspond with IES Handbook
• New Space Types for the Visually Impaired
• Re-organization of Controls Section
• NO LED TECHNOLOGY IN MODELS
ASHRAE 90.1-2013
IECC 2015
• Publication in Spring 2014• Rewrite of the Controls Section for clarity• Addition of the Decorative Allowance like
ASHRAE
• NOT CODE UNTIL ADOPTED BY A JURISDICTION
Research areas for the NEXT Code Cycles:
ASHRAE 90.1 - 2016Make the code simpler
Pressure to Reduce Lighting Power Allowances based on LED Technology
Not just Lumen Output vs. Energy Usage• LIGHTING QUALITY
• UNIFORMITY,
• COLOR QUALITY
Lighting Code Links• Energy Code Adoption Map: http://www.energycodes.gov/status-state-energy-code-adoption
• International Code Council Adoption Maps: http://www.iccsafe.org/gr/Pages/adoptions.aspx
• COMCheck and RESCheck download site: http://www.energycodes.gov/resource-center
• ASHRAE – How to submit a Proposal to change the Standard: https://www.ashrae.org/standards-research--technology/standards--guidelines/continuous-maintenance
• Federal Agencies Design Guides: http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_lib.php?l=6
• Building Codes Assistance Project (BCAP): http://bcap-energy.org/
• BCAP hosted Energy Code Resource: http://energycodesocean.org/
• Construction Code Resource with local contacts: http://www.reedconstructiondata.com/building-codes/
• Another Code Collection Resource: https://law.resource.org/pub/us/code/
• NYC Pool Code: http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/about/healthcode/health-code-article165.pdf
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