3. There are many differentkinds of viruses The two you need
toknow a bit of detail aboutare PHAGE and HIV(HumanImmunodeficiency
Virus) You do not need to knowlife cycles! (so you canrelax)
4. Bacteriophage A bacteriophage (shortened to phage) is a
virusthat infects and replicates within a particularspecies of
bacteria They infect the bacteria by injecting their genome(which
is either DNA or RNA based) into thecytoplasm of the bacterial cell
This genome is then assimilated by the host, andthe viral genome is
transcribed, viral proteins aremade and more virus particles are
made
5. Bacteriophage StructureThe most well known isT4
BACTERIOPHAGEContains a DNAgenome bounded by aprotein coatUnder a
microscopethey look like littlespaceships
6. HIV HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, is a diseasethe
targets the immune system of the host Once the immune system is
depleted enough andsecondary infections start to develop,
peopleinfected with HIV are then said to have AIDS(Acquired
ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome) There is currently no cure forHIV,
however, combination drug treatments meanthat sufferers can lead
full and normal lives
7. HIV StructureConsists of an RNAgenome bounded by aprotein
coat andglycoprotein containinglipid bilayerA retrovirus; means
ithas an RNA genomeSo it has the enzymeREVERSETRANSCRIPTASEpresent
to allow DNA
8. The phage viral life cycle(simplified) You need to learn the
very basicsfor how phage and HIV replicatewithin the host bacterial
cell Phage invades the bacteria inwhich they replicate their
geneticmaterial The host cell is hijacked toproduce viral particles
that willform new viruses These new viruses leave the cell
9. The HIV virus attaches to T-helper cells where the
virusincorporates its DNA into thecells genome This is done by
REVERSETRANSCRIBING the viralRNA This leads to production ofnew
viral particles and adestruction of white bloodThe HIV viral life
cycle (simplified)