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Science vs ExperienceScience vs Experience
Science vs ExperienceScience vs Experience
Aggressive Interior Attack
Cowards
Hit it Hard from the Yard
Its worth the Risk
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The FirefighterThe Firefighter
Aggressive
Action
Results
Emulate
Risk
Aggressive
Action
Results
Emulate
Risk
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Life
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December 3, 1999
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Science vs ExperienceScience vs Experience
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Fire Behavior
The Fire Fight
• Fuel Package • > Heat Release
• Smoke is Fuel• Fuel / O2 Regulates Regime
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Burning RegimeBurning Regime
• Fuel Controlled• Fuel Controlled
Burning RegimeBurning Regime
• Fuel Controlled
• Ventilation Controlled
• Fuel Controlled
• Ventilation Controlled
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Smoke is FuelSmoke is Fuel
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The Changing Environment
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
eD u r a t i o n of T i m e
IncipientIncipient Free burningFree burning DecayDecay
Fire Progress (growth) CurveFire Progress (growth) Curve
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T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
eD u r a t i o n of T i m e
IncipientIncipient Free burningFree burning DecayDecay
Fire Progress (growth) CurveFire Progress (growth) Curve
Vent
FlashoverFlow Path
The Changing Environment
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Set the ExampleSet the Example
Chin StrapChin Strap
Smoke is Fuel
• Ventilation Increases Fire Development
• Don’t get caught in its Flow Path
• Ventilation Increases Fire Development
• Don’t get caught in its Flow Path
Smoke is Fuel
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Hall
Room 1 Room 2
Room 3
Room 4
Room 5 Room 6
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Door ControlDoor Control
Science vs ExperienceScience vs Experience
1830
Organization & Methodology
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Old Firefighters teaching
Young Firefighters
to become Old Firefighters
Old Firefighters teaching
Young Firefighters
to become Old Firefighters
Science vs ExperienceScience vs Experience
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The Subject
Impact of Ventilation
The Subject
Impact of Ventilation
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Fire Formula of Modern Homes
• Faster fire propagation
• Shorter time to
flashover
• Rapid changes in fire
dynamics
• Shorter escape times
• Shorter time to collapse
Larger
HomesOpen
SpacesInc. Fuel
Loads
Voids
SpacesChanging Bldg
Materials
Larger Homes
1,500
1,700
1,900
2,100
2,300
2,500
2,700
1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2008
Average Square Footage of New Single-Family Homes
Source: http://www.census.gov
26% of Houses
built in 2008
were greater
than 3000 ft2
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Open Spaces
Great Rooms
Open Foyers
9-14 ft Ceilings
•All of these features add volume/air which allows the
fire to grow and smoke to spread.
Open Floor Plans
Increased Fuel Loads
The contents of
a single-family
home.
Now dominated
by synthetic
materials.
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Increased Fuel Loads - Experiment
Modern Room Legacy Room
Modern Room Legacy Room
Increased Fuel Loads - Experiment
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Modern Room Legacy Room
Increased Fuel Loads - Experiment
Increased Fuel Loads - Experiment
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