8/13/2019 Samkaleen Bharat (2) -
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lk fd vki tkurs gSa fd Hkkjr fofHkUu LFkyko`Qfr; ks a okyk ,d fo'kky ns'k gSA vki
fdl iz dkj osQ {ks =k@Hkw Hkkx esa jgrs gSa \ ;fn vki eSnkuh {ks=k esa j grs gS a , rks vki ogk¡ os Q nwj rd iS Qys fo'kky eS nkuks a ls ifjfpr gks axs vkSj ;fn ioZ rh; {ks=k os Q fuoklh gS a , r ks vki ioZ rh; <ykuks a vkSj ?kkfV;ks a ls Hkyh&Hkk¡ fr ifjfpr gksa xsA okLro esa , gekjs ns 'k esa gj iz dkj dh Hkw &vko`Qf r;k¡ ik;h tkrh gS a , tS ls& ioZ r , eSnku , e#LFky , iBk j rFkk }hi lew gA vki ;g lks p jgs gksa xs fd ;g fof HkUu iz dkj dh Hkw&vko Qfr;k¡ oS Qls cuha\ vc ge Hkkj r dh eq[; Hkw&vko`Qfr;ksa dh
fo'ks"krk,a ¡ rFkk mud h la jpuk osQ ckjs esa tkusa xsA ;gk¡ fofHkUUk izd kj dh 'kS ys a ik;h tkrh gS a , ftues a ls oqQN laxejej d h rjg dBks j gks rh gS a , ftldk iz ;ks x rktegy os Q fu ekZ .k es a gqvk gS ,oa oq QN lsy[kM+ h dh rjg eqyk;e gksr h gS a , ftldk iz ;ksx Vs Yde ikmMj cukus es a gks rk gSA ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij e nk os Q ja xks a es a fHkUurk ik;h tkrh gS D;ks afd e` nk fofHkUu iz dkj dh 'kSyksa ls cuh gksrh gSaA D;k vkius dHkh bu fofoèkrkvks a os Q dkj.kks a os Q ckjs es a lks pk gS\ bues a ls
vfèkdrj fofoèkrk,¡ 'kS yksa os Q fuekZ.k esa fofHkUurk osQ dkj.k gks rh gSa AHkkjr ,d fo'kky HkwHkkx gSA bldk fuekZ.k fofHkUu
HkwxHkhZ; dkyksa osQ nkSjku gqvk gS, ftlus blos Q mPpkopksa dks izHkkfor fd;k gSA Hk wxHkh Z; fuekZ.kks a osQ vfrfjDr , dbZ vU; izfØ;kvks] a tSl sµvi{k; , vijnu rFkk fu{ksi.k osQ }kjk orZeku mPpkopk sa dk fuekZ.k rFkk la'kksèku gqvk g SA
Hkkjr dk HkkSfrd Lo:i
oq QN iz ek.kks a ij vkèkkfjr fl¼karks a dh lgk;rk lsHkwxHkZ 'kkfL=k;ksa us bu HkkSfrd vko ` Qfr;ks a os Q fuekZ.k dh
O;k[;k djus dh dks f'k'k dh gSA blh rjg dk ,d loZ ekU; fl¼kar] IysV foorZfud dk fl¼kar gSA bl fl¼kar os Q vuq lkj , iFoh dh Å ijh iiZ Vh lkr cM+ h ,oa oq QN NksVh IysVks a ls cuh gS (fp=k 2-2)A
Iys Vks a dh xfr os Q dkj.k Iys V ks a os Q va nj ,oa Åij dh vks j fLFkr egk}hih; 'kS yks a es a ncko mRiUu gks rk gSA blos Q ifj.kkeLo:Ik oyu , Hkz a 'khd j.k rFkk Tokykeq [kh; fØ;k,¡ gks rh gS a A lkekU; rkS j ij bu Iys Vks a dh xfr;ks a dks
eS aVy
vfHklkjh ifjlhek
ys Iys V ys Iys V
eS aVy
vilkjh ifjlhek
:ikarj ifjlhek
ys Iys V
ys IysV eSa Vy
eSa Vy
ys I y sV ys I y sV
fp=k 2-1% Iys Vksa dh fofHkUu xfr;k¡
tS
2
8/13/2019 Samkaleen Bharat (2) -
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ledkyhu Hkkjr
rhu oxks Z a es a foHkkftr fd;k x;k gS (fp=k 2-1)A oq QN Iys Vs a ,d&nw ljs os Q dj hc vkrh gS a vkS j vfHklkfjr ifjlhek dk fuekZ .k djrh gS a A tcfd oqQN Iys V ,d nw ljs ls nw j
tkrh gS a vkS j vilkfjr ifjlhek dk fuekZ .k djrh gS a A tc nks Iys V ,d&nw ljs o s Q djhc vkrh gS a , rc ;k rks os Vdjkdj Vw V ldrh gS a ;k ,d Iys V fiQly dj nw ljh Iys V os Q uhps tk ld rh gSA dHkh&dHkh os ,d&nw ljs os Q lkFk {kS frt fn'kk es a Hkh xfr dj ldrh gS a vkS j :ika rj ifjlhek dk fuekZ .k d jrh gS a A bu Iys Vks a es a yk[kks a o"kks± ls gks jgh xfr os Q dkj.k egk}hiks a dh fLFkfr rFkk vkdkj es a ifjorZ u vk;k gSA Hkkjr dh orZ eku LFkyko` Qfr dk fodkl Hkh bl iz dkj dh xfr;ks a ls izHkkfor gq vk gSA
Lkcls iz kphu Hkw Hkkx (vFkkZ r~ iz k;}hih; Hkkx ) xks a Mokuk Hkwfe dk ,d fgLlk FkkA xks aMokuk HkwHkkx os Q fo'kky {ks =k es a Hkkjr , vkLV ª s fy;k , nf{k.k viz Qhdk] nf{k.k ves fjdk rFkk va VkoZ QfVd osQ {ks=k 'kkfey FksA laoguh; èkkjkvksa us
Hkw&iiZ Vh dks vusd Vq dM+ ksa es a fo Hkkftr dj fn;k vkSj bl iz dkj Hkkjr&vkLVªs fy;k dh I ys V xks aMokuk Hkw fe lsvyx gks us osQ ckn mÙkj fn'kk dh vks j izokfgr gks us yxhA mÙkj fn'kk dh vks j iz okg osQ ifj.kkeLo:Ik ;s Iys V vius ls vfèkd fo'kky Iy s V , ;wjs f'k;u IysV ls Vdjk;hA bl Vdjko os Q dkj.k b u nks uks IysVks a os Q chp fLFkr ^VsfFkl* Hkw &vfHkufr osQ v olknh pêðku] ofyr gksdj fgeky; rFkk if'pe ,f'k; k dh ioZ rh; Ük` a[kyk osQ :Ik esa fodflr gks x;sA
xksa Mokuk Hkwfe% ;s iz kphu fo'kky egk}hi iS aft;k dk nf{k.kre Hkkx gS, ftlosQ mÙkj esa vaxkjk Hkw fe gSA
^VsfFkl* osQ fgeky; osQ :Ik esa Åij mBus rFkk izk;}hih; iBkj osQ mÙkjh fdukjs osQ uhps èk¡lus osQ ifj.kkeLo:Ik ,d cgqr cM+h nz ks.kh dk fuekZ.k gqvkA le; osQ lkFk&lkFk ;g csflu mÙkj osQ ioZrksa ,oa nf{k.k osQ izk;}hih; iBkjksa ls cgus okyh ufn;k sa o sQ volknh fu{ksiksa }kjk èkhjs&èkhjs Hkj x;kA bl izdkj tyks<+ fu{ksik sa ls fufeZr ,d foLr`r lery HkwHkkx Hkkjr osQ mÙkjh eSnku osQ :Ik esa fodflr gks x;kA
fo'o os Q vfèkdrj Tokykeq [kh ,oa Hkwoa Qi laHkkoh {ks =k] IysV os Q fdukjks a ij fLFkr gSa A ys fdu oq QN Iys V os Q va nj Hkh ik;s tkrs gS aA
fp=k 2.2 : Hkw &i`"B dh eq [; IysVsa
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Hkkjr dk HkkS frd Lo:i
Hkkjr dh Hkwfe cgqr vfèkd HkkSfrd fofHkUurkvksa dks n'kkZ rh gSA HkwxHkhZ; rkS j ij iz k;}hih; iBkj i`Foh dh lrg dk izkphure Hkkx gSA bls Hkwfe dk ,d cgq r
gh fLFkj Hkkx ekuk tkrk FkkA ija rq gky os Q Hkw da iks a us bls xyr lkfcr fd;k gSA fgeky; ,oa mÙkjh eSnku gky esa cuh LFkyko`Qfr;k¡ gS aA HkwxHkZ oS Kkfudksa osQ vuqlkj fgeky; ioZ r ,d vfLFkj Hkkx gSA fgeky; dh iwjh ioZr Ü k a [kyk ,d ;qok LFkyko` Qfr dks n'kkZ rh gS, ftlesa Å¡ps f'k[kj , xgjh ?kkfV;k¡ rFkk rst cgus okyh ufn;k¡ gSa A mÙkjh eS nku tyks <+ fu{ks iks a ls cus gS aA izk;}hih; iBkj vkXus ; rFkk :ika rfjr 'kS yks a okyh de Å¡ph igkfM+ ;ksa ,oa pkS M+ h ? kkfV;ks a ls cuk gSA
eq [; HkkSxks fyd f orj.k Hkkjr dh HkkS xks fyd vko` Qfr;ks a dks fuEufyf[kr oxks ± esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS (fp=k 2-4)A
fp=k 2.3 : fgeky;
(1) fgeky; ioZr Ük` a[kyk (2) mÙkjh eSnku (3) iz k;}hih; iBkj (4) Hkkjrh; e#LFky (5) rVh; eS nku (6) }hi lew g
fgeky; ioZ r
Hkkjr dh mÙkjh lhek ij foLr r fgeky; Hkw xHkhZ ; :Ik ls ;q ok ,oa cukoV os Q n` f"Vdks .k ls ofyr ioZ r Ü k` a [kyk gSA ;s ioZ r Ü k` a [kyk,¡ if'pe&iw oZ f n'kk es a fla èkq ls ys dj cz ãiq =k rd iS Qyh gS a A fgeky; f o'o dh lcls Å¡ ph ioZ r Js.kh gS vkS j ,d vR;fèkd vle vojksèkks a es a ls ,d gSA ;s 2,400 fdñehñ dh ya ckbZ esa iS Qys ,d v¼Z o` Ùk dk fuekZ .k djrs gSa A bl dh pkS M+ kbZ d'ehj es a 400 fdñehñ ,oa v#.kkpy es a 150 fdñehñ gSA if'peh
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ledkyhu Hkkjr
fp=k 2-4 : Hkkjr & eq [; HkkS xks fyd forj.k
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Hkkjr dk HkkS frd Lo:i
• ,Vyl ls elwjh] u Suhrky ,oa jkuh[ksr dh fLFkfr ns[ksa rF kk mu jkT;ksa osQ uke fy[k sa tgk¡ os fLFkr gSaA
fgeky; dh lcls ckgjh Ük` a[kyk dks f'kokfyd dgk tkrk gSA budh pkSM+ kbZ 10 ls 50 fdñehñ rFkk m¡QpkbZ 900 ls 1,100 ehVj os Q chp gSA ;s Ü k a [kyk,¡ , mÙkj esa fLFkr eq[; fgeky; dh Ük` a[kykvks a ls ufn;ksa }kjk yk;h x;h vla fifMr vo lknks a ls cuh gSA ;s ?kkfV;k¡ ctjh rFkk tyks <+ dh eksVh ijr ls <¡ dh gq bZ gS aA fuEu fgekpy rFkk f'kokfyd os Q chp es a fLFkr ya cor~
?kkVh dks nw u osQ uke ls tkuk tkr k gSA oqQN iz fl¼ nwu gS a& ns gjknwu , dks Vyhnwu ,oa ikV yhnw uA
bl mÙkj&nf{k.k osQ vf rfjDr fgeky; dks if'pe ls iwoZ rd fLFkr {ks=kk sa osQ vkèkkj ij Hkh foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA bu oxh Zdj.kks a dks unh ?kkfV;ksa dh lhekvk sa osQ vkèk kj ij fd;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, , lryqt ,oa flaèkq osQ chp fLFkr fgeky; osQ Hkkx dks iatkc fgeky; osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ysfdu if'pe ls iwoZ rd Øe'k% bls d'ehj rFkk fgekpy fgeky; osQ uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA lryqt rFkk dkyh ufn;ks a osQ chp fLFkr fgeky; osQ Hkkx dks oqQek¡mQ fgeky; osQ uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA dkyh rFkk frLrk ufn;k¡ , usiky fgeky; dk ,oa frLrk rFkk fngkax ufn;k¡ vle fgeky; dk lhekadu djrh gSA fgeky; osQ oqQN {ks=kh; uke irk dhft,A
Hkkx dh vis{kk iw ohZ Hkkx dh Å¡ pkbZ es a vfèkd fofoèkrk ikbZ tkrh gSA vius iw js ns 'kka rjh; foLrkj os Q lkFk fgeky; dks rhu Hkkxks a es a Ckk¡ V ldrs gS a A bu Ü k` a [kykvks a os Q chp
cgq r vfèkd la [;k es a ?kkfV;k¡ ikbZ tkrh gS a A lcls mÙkjh Hkkx es a fLFkr Ü k` a [kyk dks egku ;k vka rfjd fgeky; ;k fgekfnz dgrs gS a A ;g lcls vfèkd lrr~ Ü ka ` [kyk gS, ftles a 6,000 ehVj dh vkS lr m¡ QpkbZ okys lokZ fèkd m¡ Qps f'k[kj gS a A bles a fgeky; os Q lHkh eq [; f'k[kj gS a A
fgeky; os Q oq QN m¡ Qps f'k[kj
f'k[kj ns 'k m¡ QpkbZ (ehVj)
ekmaV ,ojsLV us iky 8,848
da putq a xk Hkkjr 8,598
edkyq us iky 8,481
èkkS ykfxfj us iky 8,172
ua xk ioZ r Hkkjr 8,126
vUuiw .kkZ us iky 8,078
ua nkns oh Hkkjr 7,817
dkes V Hkkjr 7,756
ukepk c#vk Hkkjr 7,756
xq #yk eaèkkrk us iky 7,728
egku fgeky; o s Q oy; dh iz o`Qfr vlaefer gSA fgeky; osQ bl Hkkx dk Øks M xz sukbV dk cuk gSA ;g Ük` a[kyk ges 'kk ciZ Q ls <¡ dh jgrh gS rFkk blls cgq r&lh fgekfu;ksa dk iz okg gks rk gSA
• egku f geky; es a ik;h tkus okyh fgekfu;ks a rFkk njks Z a osQ ukeA• Hkkjr ds mu jkT; ksa os Q uke tgk¡ Åij fn, x, m¡Qps f'k[kj fLFkr gS aA
fgekfnz os Q nf{k. k es a fLFkr Ü k a[kyk lcls vfèkd vle gS ,oa fgekpy ;k fuEu fgeky; os Q uke ls tkuh tkrh gSA bu Üka[kykvksa dk fuekZ.k eq[;r%vR;kfèkd la ihfMr rFkk ifjofrZr 'kS yks a ls gqvk gSa A budh Å¡ pkbZ 3,700 ehVj ls 4,500 ehVj osQ chp rFkk vkSlr pkS M+kbZ 50 fdyksehVj gSA tcfd ihj ia tky Ü k a[kyk lcls ya ch rFkk lcls egÙoiw .kZ Ü ka [kyk gS, èkkSykèkj ,oa egkHkkjr Ü ka [kyk,¡ Hkh egÙoiw .kZ gSa A blh Ü k a [kyk esa d'ehj dh ?kkVh rFkk fgekpy os Q dka xM+k ,oa oqQYyw dh ?kkfV;k¡ fLFkr gSa A bl {ks=k dks igkM+ h uxjks a os Q fy, tkuk tkrk gSA
fp=k 2.5 : fgeky; ioZ r
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ledkyhu Hkkjr
320 fdñehñ pkSM+k gSA ;g l?ku tula[;k okyk HkkSxksfyd {ks =k gSA le` ¼ e` nk vkoj.k , iz ;kZIr ikuh dh miyCèkrk ,oa vuq ow Qy tyok;q os Q dkj.k o` Qf"k dh n`f"V ls ;g Hkkjr dk vR;fèkd mRiknd {ks=k gSA
mÙkjh ioZrks a ls vkus okyh ufn;k¡ fu{ksi.k dk;Z esa yxh gSaA unh osQ fupys Hkkxksa esa <ky de gksus osQ dkj.k unh dh xfr de gk s tkrh gS, ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:Ik unh; }hiksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA ;s ufn;k¡ vius fupys Hkkx esa xkn ,d=k gks tkus osQ
dkj.k cgqr&lh èkkjkvksa esa c¡V tkrh gSaA bu èkkjkvksa dks forfjdk,¡ dgk tkrk gSA
mÙkjh eSnku dks eksVs rkSj ij rhu mioxks± esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA mÙkjh eS nku osQ if'peh Hkkx
dks iatkc dk eS nku dgk tkrk gSA flaèkq rFkk bldh lgk;d ufn;ks a os Q }kjk cuk;s x, bl eS nku dk cgq r cM+k Hkkx ikfdLrku es a fLFkr gSA flaèkq rFkk bldh lgk;d ufn;k¡ >sye , ps ukc , jko h , C;kl rFkk lryqt fgeky; ls fudyrh gS aA eS nku os Q bl Hkkx es a nksvkcks a dh la [;k cgq r vfèkd gSA
xaa xk os Q eS nku dk foLrkj ?k? ?kj rFkk frLrk ufn;ks a osQ chp gSA ;g mÙkjh Hkkjr os Q jk T;ks a gfj;k.kk , fnYyh , mÙkj iz ns'k , fcgkj , >kj[kaM os Q oqQN Hkkx rFkk if'pe
caxky esa iS Qyk gSA czãiq =k dk eS nku blos Q if'pe fo'ks "kdj vle es a fLFkr gSA
mÙkjh eSnkuks a dh O;k[;k lkekU;r% blos Q mPpkopks a es a fcuk fdlh fofoèkrk okys lery LFky osQ :Ik es a dh tkrh gSA ;g lgh ugha gSA bu foLr`r eSnkuksa dh HkkS xksfyd vko`Qfr;ksa esa Hkh fofoèkrk gSA vko Qfrd fHkUurk osQ vkèkkj ij mÙkjh eSnkuks a dks pkj Hkkxks a esa
czãiq =k fgeky; dh lcls iw ohZ lhek cukrh gSA fngka x egk[kM~M (xktZ ) os Q ckn fgeky; nf{k.k dh vks j ,d rh[kk eksM+ cukrs gq , Hkkjr dh iwohZ lhek os Q
lkFk iSQy tkrk gSA bUgsa iw okZ py ;k iwohZ igkfM+;ks a rFkk ioZr Üka [kykvksa os Q uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ;s igkfM+;k¡ mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa ls gksdj xq tjrh gS a rFkk et+cw r cyq vk iRFkjks a , tks volknh 'kS y gS, ls cuh gSA ;s ?kus taxyksa ls <¡ dh gS a rFkk vfèkdrj lekukarj Ü k a [kykvksa ,oa ?kkfV;ks a os Q :Ik esa iSQyh gS aA iwokZpy esa iVdkbZ , ukxk , fe”kks rFkk ef.kiq j igkfM+;k¡ 'kkfey gS aA
mÙkjh eS nku
mÙkjh eS nku rhu iz eq [k unh iz .kkfy;ks a& fla èkq , xaxk ,oa cz ãiq=k rFkk budh l gk;d ufn;ksa ls cuk gSA ;g eS nku tyks <+ e` nk ls cuk gSA yk[kks a o"kks ± es a fgeky; os Q fxfjikn es a fLFkr cg qr cM+s cs flu (nzks .kh) es a tyks <+ ksa oQk fu{ks i gq vk , ftl ls bl mitkÅ eSnku dk fuekZ.k gqvk gSA bldk foLrk j 7 yk[k oxZ fdñehñ os Q {ks =k ij gSA ;g eSnku yxHkx 2,400 fdñehñ yack ,oa 240 ls
fp=k 2.7 : mÙkjh eS nku
• ^nksvkc* dk v FkZ gS] nks ufn;ksa osQ chp dk HkkxA nksvkc* nks 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS & nks rFkk vkc vFkkZ r~ ikuhA blh iz dkj ia tkc* Hkh nks 'kCnks a ls feydj cuk gS & ia t dk vFkZ gS i k¡ p rFkk vkc dk vFkZ gS ikuhA
• cz ãiq =k unh es a fLFkr ektks yh fo'o dk lcls cM+ k unh; }hi gSA tgk¡ yks xks a dk fuokl gSA
fp=k 2.6 : fe”kks igkfM+;k¡
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Hkkjr dk HkkS frd Lo:i
,oa xks ykdkj igkfM+ ;k¡ gS a A bl iBkj os Q nks eq[; Hkkx gS a& ^eè; mPpHkw fe* rFkk ^nDdu dk iBkj*A ueZ nk unh osQ mÙkj es a iz k;}hih; iBkj dk og Hkkx tks fd
ekyok osQ iBkj os Q vfèkdrj Hkkxksa ij iSQyk gS mls eè; mPpHkw fe os Q uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA foaè; Ük` a[kyk nf{k.k es a eè; mPpHkw fe rFkk mÙkj&if'pe es a vjkoyh ls f?kjh gSA if'pe es a ;g èkhjs&èkhjs jktLFkku os Q cyqbZ rFkk IkFkjhys e#LFky ls fey tkrk gSA bl {ks=k esa cgus okyh ufn;k¡ , pa cy , fla èk , cs rok rFkk os Qu nf{k.k&if'pe ls mÙkj&iwoZ dh rjiQ cgrh gS a , bl iz dkj os bl {ks =k osQ <ky dks n'kkZ rh gS aA eè; mPPkHkwfe if'pe esa pkS M+h ys fdu iwoZ es a ladh.kZ gSA bl iBk j os Q iw ohZ foLrkj dks
LFkkuh; :Ik ls cq ans y[kaM rFkk c?ks y[kaM osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA blosQ vkSj iwoZ o s Q foLrkj dks nkeksnj unh }kjk viokfgr NksVk ukxiq j iBkj n'kkZrk gSA
nf{k.k dk iBkj ,d f=kHkq t kdkj HkwHkkx gS, tks ueZ nk unh osQ nf{k.k es a fLFkr gSA mÙkj esa blos Q pkSM+ svkèkkj ij lriqM+ k dh Ük` a[kyk gS, tcfd egknso , oSQewj dh igkM+ h rFkk eS dky Ü k a [kyk b los Q iw ohZ foLrkj gS aAHkkjr os Q HkkS frd ekufp=k ij bu i gkfM+ ;ksa ,oa Üka [kykvks a dh fLFkfr dks Kkr djs aA nf{k.k dk iBkj if'pe es a
Å¡ pk ,oa iw oZ dh vksj de <ky okyk gSA bl iBkj dk ,d Hkkx mÙkj&iwoZ es a Hkh ns[kk tkrk gS, ftls LFkkuh; :Ik ls ^es?kky;*] ^dkc hZ ,axykSa x iBkj* rFkk ^mÙkj dpkj igkM+h* os Q uke ls t kuk tkrk gSA ;g ,d Hkza 'k osQ }kjk Nks Vk ukxiq j iBkj ls vyx gks x;k gSA if'pe ls iw oZ dh vksj rhu eg Ùoiw .kZ Ü k a [kyk,¡ xkjks, [kklh rFkk t;a fr;k gS aA
nf{k.k os Q iBkj os Q iwohZ , oa if'peh fljs ij Øe'k% iw ohZ rFkk if'peh ?kkV fLFkr gSa A if'peh ?kkV ,
if'peh rV os Q lekuka rj fLFkr gSA os lrr~ gS a rFkk mUgs a osQoy njks ± os Q }kjk gh ikj fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjr osQ HkkS frd ekufp=k es a Fkky ?kkV , Hkksj ?kkV rFkk iky ?kkV dh fLFkfr Kkr djsa A
if'peh ?kkV , iwohZ ?kkV dh vis{kk m¡Qps gS aA iw ohZ ?kkV osQ 600 ehVj dh vkS lr m¡QpkbZ dh rq yuk esa if'peh ?kkV dh m¡ QpkbZ 900 ls 1,600 ehVj gSA iw ohZ ?kkV dk foLrkj egkunh ?kkVh ls nf{k.k es a uhyfxjh rd
foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ufn;k¡ ioZ rks a ls uhps mrjrs le; f'kokfyd dh <ky ij 8 ls 16 fdñehñ os Q pkS M+ h iêð h es a xq fVdk dk fu{ks i.k djrh gS a A bls Hkkcj* os Q uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA lHkh lfjrk,¡ bl Hkkcj iêð h es a foyq Ir gks tkrh gS a A bl iêð h os Q nf{k.k es a ;s lfjrk,¡ ,oa ufn;k¡ iq u% fudy vkrh gS a A ,oa ue rFkk nynyh {ks =k dk fuekZ .k djrh gS a , ftls ^rjkbZ * dgk tkrk gSA ;g oU; iz kf.k;ks a ls Hkjk ?kus ta xyks a dk {ks =k FkkA c¡ Vokjs os Q ckn ikfdLrku ls vk, 'kj.kkfFkZ ;ks a dks o` Qf"k ;ks X; Hkw fe miyCèk djkus os Q fy, bl ta xy dks dkVk tk pq dk gSA bl {ks =k os Q nq èkok jk" Vª h; ikoZ Q dh fLFkfr Kkr dhft,A
mÙkjh eS nku dk lcls fo'kkyre Hkkx iq jkus tyks <+ dk cuk gSA os ufn ;ksa os Q ck<+ okys eS nku osQ Åij fLFkr gS a rFkk osfndk tS lh vko`Qfr iz nf'kZ r djrs gS aA bl Hkkx dks ^Hkka xj* osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bl {ks=k dh e` nk esa pw usnkj fu{ksi ik, tkrs gS a , ftls LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa ^da dM+* dgk tkr k gSA ck<+ okys eS nkuksa osQ u;s rFkk ;q ok fu{ks iks a dks ^[kk nj* dgk tkrk gSA budk yxHkx iz R;sd o"kZ iqufuekZ.k gks rk gS, blfy, ;s mitkÅ gks rs gSa rFkk xgu [ksrh o s Q fy, vkn'kZ gks rs gS a A
iz k;}hih; iBkj iz k;}hih; iBkj ,d est dh vkoQfr okyk LFky gS tks iqjkus fØLVyh; , vkX us; rFkk :ikarfjr 'kS yksa ls cuk gSA ;g xks aMokuk Hkwfe osQ VwVus ,oa viokg os Q dkj.k cuk Fkk rFkk ;gh dkj.k g S fd ;g izkphure HkwHkkx dk ,d fgLlk gSA bl iBkjh Hkkx es a pkSM+ h rFkk fNNyh ?kkfV;k¡
fp=k 2-8 % izk;}hih; iBkj
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ledkyhu Hkkjr
gSA iw ohZ ?kkV dk foLrkj lrr~ ugha gSA ;s vfu;fer gS a ,oa ca xky dh [kkM+h es a fxjus okyh ufn;ks a us budks dkV fn;k gSA if'peh ?kkV es a ioZ rh; o"kkZ gks rh gSA ;g
o"kkZ ?kkV os Q if'peh <ky ij vknZ z gok os Q Vdjkdj Åij mBus os Q dkj.k gks rh gSA if'peh ?kkV dks fofHkUu LFkkuh; ukeksa ls tkuk tkrk gSA if'peh ?kkV dh Å¡pkbZ , mÙkj ls nf{k.k dh vks j c<+ rh tkrh gSA bl Hkkx os Q f'k[kj Å¡ ps gS a , tS ls& vukbZ eq Mh (2,695 ehñ) rFkk Mks Mk cs Vk (2,633 ehñ)A iw ohZ ?kkV dk lcls m¡ Qpk f'k[kj egsan zfxjh (1,500 ehñ) gSA iwohZ ?kkV osQ nf{k.k&if'pe es a 'ks ojk; rFkk tkos Mh dh igkfM+ ;k¡ fLFkr gS a A mM~ xea Mye~ , ftls ÅVh osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk
gS rFkk dks MbZ duky tS ls iz fl¼ igkM+ h uxjks a dh fLFkfr ekufp=k es a Kkr dhf t,A Ikz k;}hih; iBkj dh ,d fo'ks "krk ;gk¡ ik;h tkus
okyh dkyh e` nk gS, ftls ^nDdu Vª Si* osQ uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA bld h mRifÙk Tokykeq[kh ls gq bZ gS, blfy, blos Q 'kSy vkXus ; gS aA okLro es a bu 'kS yksa dk le; os Q lkFk vijn u gqvk gS, ftuls dkyh e nk dk fuekZ .k gq vk gSA vjk oyh dh igkfM+ ;k¡ izk;}hih; iBkj os Q if'peh ,oa mÙkj &if'peh fdukjs ij fLFkr gSA ;s
cgqr vfèkd vijf nr ,oa [kafMr igkfM+;k¡ gSaA ;s xq tjkr ls ys dj fnYy h rd nf{k.k&if'pe ,oa mÙkj&iw oZ fn'kk esa iS Qyh gS a A
Hkkjrh; e#LFky
vjkoyh igkM+ h osQ i f'peh fdukjs ij Fkkj dk e#LFky fLFkr gSA ;g ckyw os Q fVCcksa ls <¡dk ,d rjafxr eSnku gSA bl {ks=k esa iz fr o"kZ 150 feñehñ ls Hkh de o"kkZ gks rh gSA bl 'kq "d tyok;q okys {ks =k esa ouLifr cgq r
de gSA o"kkZ Írq es a gh oq QN lfjrk,¡ fn[krh gSa vkS j mlosQ ckn os ckyw es a gh foyhu gks tkrh gS aA i;kZ Ir ty ugha feyus ls os leq nz rd ugha igq¡ p ikrh gSa A os Qoy ^ywuh* gh bl {ks=k dh lcls cM+h unh gSA
cjdku (vèkZpa nz kdkj ckyw dk Vhyk ) dk foLrkj cgq r vfèkd {ks=k ij gksrk gS, ysfdu yacor~ VhysHkkjr&ikfdLrku lhek os Q lehi izeq [krk ls ik, tkrs
gS aA ;fn vki tSlyes j tk,¡ , rks cjdku os Q lew g ns [k
ldrs gS aA
rVh; eS nku
Ikz k;}hih; iBkj os Q fdukjksa la dh .kZ rVh; iêðh;ks a dk foLrkj gSA ;g if'pe es a vjc lkxj ls ys dj iw oZ es a ca xky dh [kkM+ h rd foLr` r gSA if'peh rV , if'peh ?kkV rFkk vjc lkxj os Q chp fLFkr ,d la dh.kZ eS nku gSA bl eS nku os Q rhu Hkkx gS a A rV os Q mÙkjh Hkkx dks dks a d.k (eq a cbZ rFkk xks ok), eè; Hkkx dks dUuM eS nku ,oa nf{k.kh Hkkx dks ekykckj rV dg k tkrk gSA
caxky dh [kkM+h osQ lkFk fo Lr`r eSnku pkSM+k ,oa lery gSA mÙkjh Hkkx esa bls ^mÙkjh ljdkj* dgk tkrk gSA tcfd nf{k.kh Hkkx ^dk sjkseaMy* rV osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA cM+h ufn;k¡] tSls& egkunh , xksnkojh ,
fp=k 2-10 % rVh; eS nku
fp=k 2.9 : Hkkjrh; e#LFky
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Hkkjr dk HkkS frd Lo:i
iz oky iz oky ikW fyIl de le; rd thfor jgus okys lw {e
iz k.kh gS a ] tks fd lew g es a jgrs gS a A budk fodkl fNNys rFkk xeZ ty es a gks rk gSA buls oS QfY'k;e dkcks ZusV dk lz ko gks rk gSA iz oky Ïko ,oa iz oky vfLFk;k¡ ¡ Vhys os Q :i es a fu{ks fir gks rh gS a A ;s eq [;r% rhu iz dkj os Q gks rs gS a & 1- iz oky jks fèkdk] 2- rVh; iz oky fHkfÙk rFkk 3- iz oky oy; }hi vkLVª s fy;k dk ^xz s V cS fj;j jhiQ* iz oky jks fèkdk dk vPNk mnkgj.k gSA iz oky oy; }hi xks ykdkj ;k gklZ 'kw vkdkj okys jks fèkdk gks rs gS a A
es a cgqy rFkk fc[kjs gq , gS a A ;g }hi lew g eq [;r% nksHkkxks a es a ck¡ Vk x;k gS& mÙkj es a v a Meku rFkk nf{k.k es a fudks ckjA ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd ; g }hi lew g fuefTtr ioZ r Js f.k;ks a os Q f'k[kj gS a A ;g }hi lew g ns 'k dh lq j{kk os Q fy, cgq r egÙoiw .kZ gSA bu }h i lew gks a es a ik, tkus okys ikni ,oa ta rq vks a es a cgq r vfèk d fofoèkrk gSA ;s }hi fo"kor~ or os Q lehi fLFkr gS a ,oa ;gk¡ dh tyok;q fo"kq orh; gS rFkk ;g ?kus ta xyks a l s vkPNkfnr gSA
• Hkkjr dk ,de k=k lfØ; Tokykeq [kh
va Meku rFkk fudks ckj }hi lew g os Q cS js u }hi ij fLFkr gSA
fofHkUu Hkw &vko` Qfrd foHkkxks a dk foLr r fooj.k iz R;s d foHkkx dh fo'ks "krk,¡ Li" V djrk gS ija rq ;g Li"V gS fd ;s foHkkx ,d&nw ljs o s Q iw jd gS a vkS j os ns 'k dks iz ko` Qfrd la lkèkuks a es a le` ¼ cu krs gS a A mÙkjh ioZ r ty ,oa ouks a os Q iz eq [k lz ks r gS a A mÙkjh eS nku ns 'k os Q vUu Hka Mkj gS a A buls iz kphu lH;rkvks a os Q fodkl dks vkèkkj
feykA iBkjh Hkkx [kfutks a os Q Hka Mkj gS a , ftlus ns 'k os Q vkS |ks xhdj.k es a fo'ks "k Hkw fedk fuHkkbZ gSA rVh; {ks =k eRL;u vkS j iksr la ca èkh fØ;k&dykiks a os Q fy, mi;qDRk LFkku gS a A bl iz dkj ns 'k dh fofoèk HkkS frd vko` Qfr;k¡ Hkfo"; es a fodkl dh vus d la Hkkouk,¡ iz nku djrh gS a A
o`Q".kk rFkk dkosjh bl rV ij fo'kky Ms YVk dk fuekZ .k djrh gS a A fpYdk >hy iw ohZ rV ij fLFkr ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkw&y{k.k gSA
• fpYdk >hy Hkkjr esa [kkjs ikuh dh lcls cM+ h >hy gSA ;g mM+ hlk es a egkunh Ms YVk os Q nf{k.k esa fLFkr gSA
}hi lew g
vki igys gh ns [k pq os Q gSa fd Hkkjr dk eq[; LFky Hkkx vR;fèkd fo'kky gSA blosQ vfrfjDr Hkkjr es a nks }hiks a dk lew g Hkh f LFkr gSA D;k vki bu }hi lew gks a
dks igpku ldrs gS a \
fp=k 2.11 : ,d }hi
osQjy os Q ekykc kj rV os Q ikl fLFkr y{k}hi dh fLFkfr dks Kkr dhft ,A }hiks a dk ;g lew g NksVs iz oky }hiks a ls cuk gSA ig ys budks ydknho , ehuhdk; rFkk ,ehunho osQ uke l s tkuk tkrk FkkA 1973 es a budk uke y{k}hi j[kk x; kA ;g 32 oxZ fdñehñ osQ NksVs ls{ks=k es a iSQyk gSA dk okjÙkh }hi y{k}hi dk iz'kklfud eq[;ky; gSA bl }hi lew g ij ikni rFkk ta rq os Q cgqr
ls iz dkj ik, tkrs gSa A fiVyh }hi , tgk¡ euq "; dk fuokl ugha gS, ogk¡ ,d i{kh&vHk;kj.; gSA
vc ca xky dh [kkM+ h esa mÙkj ls nf{k.k osQ rjiQ iS Qys }hiksa dh Ü ka [kyk dh vksj è;ku nhft,A ;s vaMeku ,oa fudks ckj }hi gS a A ;g }hi lew g vkdkj es a cMs+ la [;k
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ledkyhu Hkkjr
vH;kl
1.
fuEufyf[kr fodYiksa esa ls lgh mÙkj pq fu,A(i) ,d LFkyh; Hkkx tks rhu vks j ls leqnz ls f?kjk gks&
(d) rV ([k) iz k;}hi
(x) }hi (?k) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
(ii) Hkkjr os Q iw ohZ Hkkx esa E;kaekj dh lhek dk fuèkkZ j.k djus okys ioZrks a dk la a;q Dr uke&
(d) fgekpy ([k) iw okZ apy
(x) mÙkjk[k.M (?k) bues a ls dksbZ ugha
(iii) xks ok osQ nf{k.k esa fLFkr if'pe rVh; iêð h&
(d) dks jks eaMy ([k) dUuM
(x) dks ad.k (?k) mÙkjh ljdkj
(iv) iwohZ ?kkV dk loks ZPp f'k[kj&
(d) vukbZeq Mh ([k) egs anz fxfj
(x) daputa qxk (?k) [kklh
2 fuEufyf[kr iz 'uksa os Q la {ksi es a mÙkj nhft,&(i) Hkw xHk hZ; IysVsa D;k gS a \(ii) vkt osQ dkSu ls egk}hi xksa Mokuk ySa M os Q Hkkx Fks\(iii) ^Hkkc j* D;k gS\(iv) fgek y; osQ rhu iz eq [k foHkkxks a os Q uke mÙkj ls nf{k.k os Q Øe es a crkb,\(v) vjko yh vkSj foaè;kpy dh igkfM+;ksa es a dkS u&lk iBkj fLFkr gS\
(vi) Hkkjr ds mu }hiksa os Q uke crkb, tks iz oky fHkfÙk os Q gS aA3. fuEufyf[kr es a varj Li"V dhft,&
(i) vil kjh rFkk vfHklkjh HkwxHkhZ ; IysVsa (ii) ca kxj vkS j [kknj (iii) iw ohZ ?kkV rFkk if'peh ?kkV
4. crkb, fge ky; dk fuekZ .k oSQls gqvk Fkk\
5. Hkkjr os Q iz eq [k Hkw &vko Qfrd foHkkx dkS u ls gS a \ fgeky; {ks =k rFkk iz k;}hi iBkj os Q mPpkoPk y{k.kk s a es a D;k va rj gS\
6. Hkkjr os Q m Ùkjh eS nku dk o.kZu dhft,A
7. fuEufyf[kr ij la f{kIr fVIif.k;k¡ fyf[k,&
(i) eè; fgeky;
(ii) eè; mPp Hkw fe
(iii) Hkkjr os Q }hi lewg
ekufp=k dk;Z
Hkkjr osQ js[kk ekufp=k ij fuEufyf[kr fn[kkb,&(i) ioZ r f'k[kj & osQ&2] da puta qxk] ua xk ioZ r] vukbZ eq Mh
(iii) iBkj & f'kyka x] NksVkukxiq j] ekyok rFkk cq ansy[ka M (iv) Fkkj e#LFky] if'peh ?kkV] y{k}hi lew g] xaxk&;equk nksvkc rFkk dksjks ea My rV
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Hkkjr dk HkkS frd Lo:i
fØ;kdyki
• nh xbZ oxZ igs yh es a oq QN f'k[kjksa ] njks± ] Jsf.k;ksa ] iBkjksa ] igkfM+ ;k¡ ,oa ?kkfV;ks a ds uke Nqis gS a A mUgs a <w ¡f<,A• Kkr dhft, fd ;s vko`Qfr;k¡ dgk¡ fLFkr gS a\ vki viuh [kkst {kS frt] ÅèokZ èkj ;k fod.khZ Z ; fn'kk esa dj
ldrs gSa A
uks V% igs yh os Q mÙkj vaxzs t+h os Q 'kCnksa es a gS aA
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