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Rufous Hummingbird

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata(fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds and mammals)

Class: Aves(birds)

Order: Apodiformes(swifts & hummingbirds)

Family: Trochilidae(hummingbirds)

Genus: SelasphorusSpecies: Selasphorus Rufus (Rufous hummingbird)

Classification

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=birds+called+swifts&source=images&cd=&docid=7omMXo6Oa4mG0M&tbnid=GmtNAzADYQUHbM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://nigeness.blogspot.com/2012_07_01_archive.html&ei=gs5TUfrsIqiuiQLZ3YDAAg&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNFblqdmnYsqEFemWpH0qjAQP4dd0A&ust=1364533239158999

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=hummingbirds&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=gY6T-hD7fGd_6M&tbnid=wIjjWWYRDttKGM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.worldofhummingbirds.com/&ei=hs9TUZqWMujKigL1-4DIDw&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNFvJzFRYzAfcdX-go0m6HOaLZeO7Q&ust=1364533471357800

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bd728ph1PRs_QM&tbnid=aYL41Ls4y2vgBM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://tryingtoheal.com/2011/10/20/bt-rufous-hummingbird/&ei=789TUYGqEOL-iwKS44CwDA&psig=AFQjCNGezjtM9-9VVmfW8vUB-Cm_WLN4YA&ust=1364533615349090

Length: 2.8-3.5 in.Weight: 0.1-0.2 oz.

Wingspan: 4.3 in.

Both Male & Female:

Physical Characteristics

Female: • Greenish gold crown and back• white breast• throat has iridescent red spot• red tail with black patches and

white tips

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=female+rufous+hummingbird+images&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ltjnJGR0muuOYM&tbnid=HbhEKi3Yi8H-iM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rufous_hummingbird_female.jpg&ei=kNVTUcDhAarGigLyqYH4Dw&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNH3nL9frdWb7LLTdHdIYYsE_7EdqA&ust=1364534753353588

Male: • green back • red rump and tail• white belly and

breast • throat has green spot

with red spot in center

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rufous+hummingbird+wing+span&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=hXtgzpaUnpLssM&tbnid=SjLhj95g_u2KMM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.arkive.org/rufous-hummingbird/selasphorus-rufus/image-G97424.html&ei=4NBTUeDfDMTviQKV0IDQAQ&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNG16aMofZpo4ctgq9p-Q017tVngmA&ust=1364533793624243

• United States• Canada• Mexico; • Turks and Caicos Islands;

Distribution

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=F1KBfQi5VLXLIM&tbnid=uTMmkcNlzhOT1M:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/rufous_hummingbird/lifehistory&ei=8lpOUcqbKer3iwKxz4C4Bw&psig=AFQjCNFLtcyJu1fg1BwVRfksrQ2aeFadIg&ust=1364175986724560

HabitatOpen Woodlands Shrubby areas and meadows

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=+open+woodlands&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=nIJouWZd2DlLXM&tbnid=edDARjTAZbfp4M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://wwx.inhs.illinois.edu/fieldstations/lostmound/habitats/&ei=K51TUf_XL-SdiQKj3YDoCQ&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNE34gvzYwK7fYsiUBvZ83lE8nTB7w&ust=1364520583374417

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=shrubby+areas+and+meadows&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=hwjR6vcAfL7cXM&tbnid=4bxyvOUtwL63kM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.xerces.org/pollinator-seed/&ei=vp1TUc2ENI_yiQLgoIC4BA&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNGRVl2R5dQXAZgQ9-51e-uIqf9OuQ&ust=1364520721897575

2009

• Although population is decreasing • Not enough to be Vulnerable • Due to extremely large population:

6,500,000

Conservation status

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Selasphorus_rufus1.jpg

Reproduction• Males attract females with courtship flights

• Mating Season: April-June

• Males mate with several females

• Start mating the spring after they are born

• 2-3 eggs

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rufous+flying+courtship&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=gWL7E7NIvYV1vM&tbnid=DMdtlx7RiSL3oM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.arkive.org/rufous-hummingbird/selasphorus-rufus/image-G97380.html&ei=ld1TUZaNJumKiALP0YHYCQ&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNEB8xMRh76uu2jbA4LoyIDqkpdCww&ust=1364537070566545

Parental care

• First flight from being born: 20-30 days• Babies stay with mother for about a year

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rufous+hummingbird+babies&source=images&cd=&docid=T3ac_On6qmyRHM&tbnid=QGKQBuGy1Z7lSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.pentaxforums.com/forums/post-your-photos/100222-nature-rufous-hummingbird-nest-babies.html&ei=B6pTUcD5Mqq6igKj4ICIAw&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNGOJ6JvC8M6EWvRmwVYlHwjMBT89Q&ust=1364523903185999

• Nests are made by just the female

• The babies are looked after by the female only

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rufous+hummingbird+mother+feeding+babies&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=gcO61fhPqTBraM&tbnid=-3nhWTAma2hAbM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/rufous-hummingbird-selasphorus-rufus/mother-feeding-baby-five-days-fledging&ei=8K9TUbjPAqaUjALzkYCgAQ&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNFQr6q1EENf4lbnAgLnEWuQJIx1og&ust=1364525416643923

Young male fledglings resemble females

Longevity and mortality

• Lifespan: Average 3-4 years • Oldest recorded: 8 years 11 months

• In the captivity the Rufous lives about 3 times longer than in the wild

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rufous+hummingbird&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=lrkmkKqWiEaT-M&tbnid=5EN7f6yESF565M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.wildbirdshop.com/Birding/rufous_hummers.html&ei=afRTUfL8FKTniAK09YGgAw&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNEK-OXEpZAqHySWrK51KXiwAkFlnQ&ust=1364542938040038

Seasonal patterns

The Rufous hummingbird migrates• Travel 4,000 miles from breeding grounds

• Alaska/North Canada to Mexico

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rufous+hummingbird+migration+map&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=wukafhP-VOKeiM&tbnid=VlEt_eEfe_bgRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.picstopin.com/1190/rufous-hummingbird-%C2%AB-john-rakestraw/http:%7C%7Cjohnrakestraw*files*wordpress*com%7C2010%7C11%7Crufous-hummingbird*jpg/&ei=Xb5TUZBhqfeKAvb8gNAE&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNHDV-TH4D0aZikzadCMlfMdtLR00w&ust=1364529076411726

Diet• Feeds on nectar from tubular flowers

Examples: Columbine, Indian paint brush, lilies and fireweeds

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rufous+hummingbird+drinking+nectar&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=JYktHcsq1mQU2M&tbnid=J5YJ6OjakttVfM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.landauimaging.com/2/109be/23914c5/?a=1&navlist=2387223,23916b7&ei=ZMFTUeeDM-mViAKD5oDICg&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNGQEmsngONy4Vyu5gO8t8z5vGymhw&ust=1364529886782241

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bd728ph1PRs_QM&tbnid=aYL41Ls4y2vgBM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://sdakotabirds.com/species_photos/hummingbirds/rufous_hummingbird_3.htm&ei=3vNTUaK2FuSDjALllIGAAw&psig=AFQjCNHptLSPzIhfL15GeDMkb-MVaFvxjQ&ust=1364542338447283

It also eats gnats, flies, aphids, and spiders for protein.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rufous+hummingbird+getting+insects&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=c8ir5ENzpas_9M&tbnid=6HR2ZDQv4J9LoM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://ibc.lynxeds.com/photo/rufous-hummingbird-selasphorus-rufus/rufous-hummingbird-selasphorus-rufus-adult-female-flight-&ei=nshTUbbYE6W9iwLs4oHwCQ&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNHVeNmNX3XnE9vn_RfLA_NuuPigLg&ust=1364531392918984

Consumes up to 3X its body weight per day

Burn up huge amounts of calories—the equivalent to humans:

1,300 hamburgers a daywashed down with

60 liters of water

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=liters+of+water&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=YUyf3WhM2MBPHM&tbnid=lQv_AhlqCqJ4wM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.goodguide.com/slideshows/2009/4/11/reduce-your-environmental-footprint&ei=RsNTUYOmH8KRiQLG74DwCw&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNEhGYNDay0sSR4i_khFjWgDy6679g&ust=1364530349341947

Predators

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=pit+viper+trying+to+get+a+rufous+hummingbird&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=2HGWPhhq3VSKcM&tbnid=nHsicDjcdv_xKM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.masterfile.com/stock-photography/image/848-02899032/Eyelash-Viper-(Bothriechis-schlegelii)-gold-morph-lying-in-wait-on-Heliconia-(Heliconia-imbricata)-to-strike-at-Rufous&ei=RcBTUe-6MOitiAL71YGICA&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNHqJ8yJrwYXPWe9mxWKpGGJEaSHKA&ust=1364529591832099

Human Relationships

• People enjoy feeding/ holding• Feeders beneficial for their long

migration trips

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rufous+hummingbirds+at+feeders&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=SjUI6nMoSSt53M&tbnid=YrBKNBMo-OrCRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/38178488@N04/3510983072/&ei=5thTUZqlI4iEiwKu54HAAQ&psig=AFQjCNGhohDe9wUJyru3LX7hkmtFNh1-AQ&ust=1364535870450528

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=holding+a+rufous+hummingbird&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=X1AUrcbiBfqJ5M&tbnid=CUTTy7hwZmYFmM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/mesquakie8/8279727114/&ei=4tlTUcmWL-b3igK3zoHQAw&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNGiHKyTrT3BMFszUOs5JvsVsjQhDQ&ust=1364536080883719

Habitat Destruction

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=loss+of+habitat+in+mexico&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=56zjqJjns-YuBM&tbnid=9hNu1SHqfSnFBM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://sites.google.com/site/lifesciencesinmaine/25-environmental-problems&ei=neNTUfWtE-PtiQLezYGwBw&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNFZlqk5gs9Vve_kIGGoWuIjNMV46Q&ust=1364538605134922

Use of pesticides

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=pesticides&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=h6Q2GT-qwjNNJM&tbnid=sOzjEvcapysCzM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://mrforde.blogspot.com/2011/06/pesticides-and-environment.html&ei=IuRTUderI8KqiQLinICYDg&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNEEP5h_gmMS-3UNcaOpi1-7gMd3zQ&ust=1364538682240909

Humans are seldom a direct threat; but their windows can be deadly.

In class of its own, the feisty Rufous hummingbird

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bd728ph1PRs_QM&tbnid=aYL41Ls4y2vgBM:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://tryingtoheal.com/2011/10/20/bt-rufous-hummingbird/&ei=AvJTUYHBGcmpiAKvi4GgAg&psig=AFQjCNHptLSPzIhfL15GeDMkb-MVaFvxjQ&ust=1364542338447283

• Hovers like a helicopter

A female rufous hummingbird hovers above water droplets from a backyard fountain.

• Out maneuvers a fighter jet

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=fighter+jet+maneuvers&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=GcJeNlcabvB_HM&tbnid=gVDPaW6CR0Jm-M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.paffalcons.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=1287&ei=qOpTUbOQLuqligKR1YCABw&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNHlpoqDeNxpjylADNlDoXoV4zOw6g&ust=1364540429596765

Can come to a dead from 25 miles per hour, in a space no longer than

an index finger.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=index+finger+length&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=erxY3Z2v70RRiM&tbnid=1eB2Ouv41H-dXM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/12/21/what-the-length-of-your-index-finger-says-about-you.aspx&ei=MetTUe_YDMrjiwKEroBY&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNFpqaxxMkzdIabTEqY8aOZEiTfR1w&ust=1364540588854288

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=rufous+hummingbird&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=mbZP9tjbwXLO6M&tbnid=VZsuXeF8ziFVmM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/rufous_hummingbird/id&ei=nu1TUeyYC6W9iwLs4oHwCQ&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNHSIemOLaUUhyj6sYdYEStD58wUOQ&ust=1364541193351273

• More stamina than a top, marathon athlete

• About 3,900-mile (one-way) from Alaska to Mexico

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=marathon+athlete&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=gnZ1qBcR_F4dkM&tbnid=TDhJZdbfIVbz1M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/05/16/kenyan-olympic-marathon-runner-falls-to-his-death/&ei=a_BTUaWAL6GkigLRlYGACA&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNGOjjOzOt2itTIP-UMdJgMPTA1Wvw&ust=1364541819238638

• Would give competitive eaters a run for their money!

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=competitive+eater&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=arT06H6AzegsNM&tbnid=B-f0dc1uVeRqGM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.seriouseats.com/2007/06/one-or-fifty-hot-dogs-too-many.html&ei=o_FTUZLqGsSBiwK3tIHQCw&bvm=bv.44442042,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNEWNNKsNL72HpWUCix6CEcMvgM-MA&ust=1364542219884700

Burton, Robert. The World of the Hummingbird. Buffalo: Firefly books, 2001. Print.Howell, Steve N. G. Hummingbirds of North America. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2003. Print."The Hummingbird: God’s Tiny Miracle." Answers in Genesis. Answers in Genesis, 2012. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. <http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/cm/v14/n1/hummingbird>."Hummingbird - Mighty Puffball." Bird Note. Bird Note, n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2013."Hummingbird Quotes." Bird Quote. Bird Quote, 2013. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. <http://birdquote.com/quote/hummingbird/hummingbird-quotes/>.Johnson, Craig and Joy. Pacific Northwest Birds and Habitat. N.p.: Orange spot Publishing, 2011. Print.

Work cited