RISING: RISING: Rare Isotope Spectroscopic Rare Isotope Spectroscopic INvestigation at GSIINvestigation at GSI
CEA Saclay CSNSM Orsay GANIL CaenIPN Orsay
CLRC DaresburyUniv. KeeleUniv. LiverpoolUniv. ManchesterUniv. PaisleyUniv. SurreyUniv. York
FZ JuelichFZ RossendorfGSI DarmstadtHMI BerlinLMU MuenchenMPI HeidelbergTU DarmstadtUniv. BonnUniv. Koeln
KU Leuven
Univ. Milano INFN GenovaINFN LegnaroINFN/Univ. NapoliINFN/Univ. PadovaUniv. CamerinoUniv. Firenze
KTH StockholmUniv. LundUniv. Uppsala
NBI Copenhagen
IFJ KrakowIPJ SwierkUniv. KrakowUniv. Warszawa
Australian Nat. Univ., Canberra
M. Górska, GSI DarmstadtM. Górska, GSI DarmstadtOPEN COLLABORATIONOPEN COLLABORATION
Univ. Santiago de Compostela
Univ. MadridUniv. Valencia
IFIN, Bucharest
IntroductionRISING nuclear structure goals
isospin symmetryshell evolution far from
stabilityastrophysical interests
Experimental tools
Results on exotic nuclei
Future at FAIR
OutlineOutline
rp-Process Novae
and X-ray bursts
r-Process and Supernovae
Sp=0
Sn=0
RISING: Nuclear structure interestRISING: Nuclear structure interest
N=Z
Shell evolution/quenching
Isospin competition/symmetry
|Tz|=T =1: Iπ=0+
T=0 : Iπ=1+or (2j)+
Neutron numberPro
ton
num
ber
Shell structure:Shell structure:Experimental evidence for magic numbers close to stabilityExperimental evidence for magic numbers close to stability
21+ state at higher energy
low value of B(E2: 21+→0+)
transition probability
Nuclei with magic number of neutrons/protons have
If we move away from stability?
Shell evolution away from stabilityShell evolution away from stability
j>
j<
j’<proton
neutron
j’> 32
12Mg20
T. Otsuka et al., PRL 87, 082502 (2001)T. Otsuka et al., PRL 95, 232502 (2005)
4020Ca20
Shell quenching for very n-rich nuclei Shell quenching for very n-rich nuclei Potential shape: Wood Saxon (WS) Potential shape: Wood Saxon (WS) → Harmonic Oscillator (HO)→ Harmonic Oscillator (HO)
T.R. Werner, J. Dobaczewski, W. Nazarewicz, Z. Phys. A358 (1997) 169
stable nucleus
neutron richnucleus
need for radioactive nuclear beams
Primary beam/reaction selectionPrimary beam/reaction selection
Accelerator facility at GSIAccelerator facility at GSIThe Accelerators:
UNILAC (injector) E=11.4 MeV/nSIS 18Tm corr. U 1 GeV/n
Beam Currents: 238U - 108 ppssome medium mass nuclei- 109
pps (A~130)
FRS provides secondary radioactive ion beams:• fragmentation or fission of primary beams • high secondary beam energies: 100 – 700 MeV/u• fully stripped ions
γγ spectroscopy spectroscopysetup:setup:
Secondary beamSecondary beam
productionselection
identification reaction
spectroscopy
identification
35m
Bρ - ∆E - Bρ
CATE SI-CsI
<1GeV/u
100-700MeV/u
RISINGRISING experiment typesexperiment types
“beam cocktail” or almost pure beam (238U fission fragments recorded at the FRS)
experiments at β=0.5-0.7decay experiments
Each type of experiments requires a dedicated
Ge-detector arrangement !
Ge Cluster
beam
Target chamber
CATE
RISING RISING -array for fast beams-array for fast beams
Ge Miniball
Typically: 100MeV/u, ε=0.06, ∆E/E=0.02
Secondary beam and fragment IDSecondary beam and fragment IDbefore the targetbefore the target after the targetafter the target
Y
X
Z
A/Q
Y
X
E
E
Scattering angleScattering angle
E [keV]Co
unts
84Kr (113 AMeV) + Au (0.4 g/cm2)
E [keV]
Coun
ts
882
84Kr 2+ 0+
FWHM ~ 1.5 %FWHM ~ 1.5 %
p
MW MWCATESi CsITarget
reaction selectionreaction selection -ray Doppler shift correction-ray Doppler shift correction
Radioactive beam Coulomb excitationRadioactive beam Coulomb excitationT.R. Saito et.al. submitted to PRC T.R. Saito et.al. submitted to PRC
First observation of a second excited 2+ state populated in a Coulomb experiment at 100AMeV using RISING
2 1+
0+
2 2+
0+
2 2+
21+
136136NdNd
Energy [keV]
Cou
nts
10% error bar in B(E2)
RISING: Fast beam campaign - physics focusRISING: Fast beam campaign - physics focus
(submitted to EPJA)
(PLB) 2005Coulex in n-rich Cr isotopes
Pigmy resonance in n-rich nuclei
Coulex in nuclei towards 100Sn
Spectroscopy of mirror nuclei (A~50) via two-step fragmentation
(PRC) 2005
Coulex in triaxial nuclei 136Nd
(submitted to PRC)
PRL in preparation
Spectroscopy of 36Cavia two-step fragmentation
(PLB in print)
convener: P. Reiter, University of Cologneconvener: P. Reiter, University of Cologne
GXPF1KB3GGXPF1A
New Shell gap ?
Courtesy: T. Otsuka
E(2+)
Shell evolution: Cr isotopesPrediction of new subshell closures in N=32,34
Coulomb excitation in N=30-34 CrCoulomb excitation in N=30-34 CrA. Bürger et al., Phys. Lett B622, 29 (2005)
Calculations:
GXPF1: T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 082502 (2001)
GXPF1A: T. Otsuka et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 13,69 (2002)
KB3G: E. Caurier et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 15, 145 (2002)
Mirror (Isospin) symmetry in T=2 Mirror (Isospin) symmetry in T=2 3636S – S – 3636CaCa
14O 16O
14C
N=Z
Is N=20 shell quenching in 32Mg20
symmetric in isospin projection Tz?
- shell evolution- small neutron binding energy
3636Ca E(2Ca E(2++) in ) in ssecondary fragmentationecondary fragmentationP. Doornenbal PhD thesis, Phys. Lett. B, in printP. Doornenbal PhD thesis, Phys. Lett. B, in print
3015(16) keV
MED: ∆EM = Ex(I, Tz=-T) – Ex(I, Tz=+T) = 36Ca E(2+) - 36S E(2+) = - 276(16) keV !!!IIn agreement with USD1 calculation using ESPE from 17O and 17F
Reason for the displacement: structure - reduction of Z=20 shell gap coupling to continuum ( small proton binding energy)
[1] B.A. Brown, B.H. Wiedenthal: Ann. Rev. of Nucl. Part. Sci. 38, 29 (1988) [1] B.A. Brown, B.H. Wiedenthal: Ann. Rev. of Nucl. Part. Sci. 38, 29 (1988)
2+
Experiments with Stopped BeamsExperiments with Stopped Beams
production
selectionidentification
stopping
spectroscopy
Ge- array
Stopped Rising Array @ GSI: 15 x 7 element CLUSTERsεγ =11% at 1.3 MeV, 20% at 550 keV, 35% at 100 keV flight time ~300ns
RISING: Stopped beams focusConvenor: P. Regan, University of Surrey
PRL, in prep.
Nature, submitted
PRL, in prep.
PRL, in prep.
Gamma Energy-Time CorrelationsGamma Energy-Time Correlations
D. Rudolph, Lund UniversityD. Rudolph, Lund University
Mirror pair Mirror pair 5454Ni and Ni and 5454FeFe
D. Rudolph, Lund UniversityD. Rudolph, Lund University
Langanke, K. & Martínez-Pinedo, G. Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 819-862 (2003)
2+::Kautzsch, T. et al. Eur. Phys. J. A 9, 201-206 (2000)
Dillman et al., PRL, 91, 162503 (2003)
Astrophysics relevance for n-rich nuclei
204Pt
130Cd
2.59 2.61 2.63 2.65 2.67 2.69 2.71
130130Cd from fission and fragmentationCd from fission and fragmentation
Lucia Caceres and Ewa Werner-Malento PhD theses Lucia Caceres and Ewa Werner-Malento PhD theses A. Jungclaus et al., Nature, submittedA. Jungclaus et al., Nature, submitted
-coincidences
130130Cd level scheme and ACd level scheme and A-1-1 scaling scaling
SM: F
. Now
acki
, G.
SM: F
. Now
acki
, G. M
artí
nez-
Pine
do e
t al
.M
artí
nez-
Pine
do e
t al
.
20478Pt126: 4 proton holes in 208Pb
experiment and theoryZs. Podolyák, Surrey UniversityZs. Podolyák, Surrey University
Problems:
states with πd5/21
order of πd3/2
-1h11/2-1
and πs1/2-1h11/2
-1
→ description of the observed states requires SPE or INT modification
?
206Hg80 126
204Pt78 126
Stopped Beam - Active StopperP.H. Regan (convenor)
implantation-particle decay correlation
3 double-side silicon-strip detectors - surface 5x5 cm2
- thickness 1 mm - 2 x 16 3.125 mm strips - manufactured by MICRON
New result from yesterday eveningNew result from yesterday evening
190Ta: ion gated delayed -ray spectrum
2+ in 190W T1/2 ~ 16s
P. Regan et al., University of Surrey
UNILAC SIS
FRS
ESR
SIS 100/300
HESRSuperFRS
NESR
CR
RESR
The Future International Facility at The Future International Facility at GSI:GSI: FAIRFAIR - - FFacility for acility for AAntiproton and ntiproton and IIonon RResearchesearch
100 m
Hadron Physicswith antiprotons
NUclear STructure, Astrophysics and Reactionswith radioactive beams
Plasma Physicswith compressedion beams & high-intensity (petawatt)laser
Nuclear Matter Physics with35-45 GeV/u HI beams
High EM Field (HI) ---
Fundamental Studies (HI & p)Applications (HI)
Expected rates of rare isotope beams Expected rates of rare isotope beams at FAIR SFRS facilityat FAIR SFRS facility
300:
300 300
300
300
Physics Example: the Zr isotopes (Z=40)Physics Example: the Zr isotopes (Z=40)
T.R. Werner, J. Dobaczewski, W. Nazarewicz, Z. Phys. A358 (1997) 169
90Zr50 104Zr64 110Zr70 122Zr82
spherical deformed (β=0.45) spherical ?
Coulomb excitation Decay
Lifetime: >1 s 1.2 s <1 s
32/s 0.05/day
NUSTARNUSTAR@FAIR@FAIR
HISPECHISPEC DESPECDESPEC(fast, slow beams) (fast, slow beams) (stopped beams)(stopped beams)
Selectivity and sensitivity improvement ~103
Magnetic Spectrometer
AGATA + ancillary detectors
NEUTRON DETECTOR
GE γ-ARRAY
RADIOACTIVEBEAM
SummarySummary
2003-2005 Scattering experiments:shell evolution in neutron rich and neutron deficient nuclei isospin symmetry around N=Z
shapes
collective excitations
2005 g-RISING: magnetic moment measurements
2006 Decay experiments: many new isomeric states!
reaching r-process path
2007 Active stopper – first results!
Future: experiments at FAIR/SFRS: e.g. >110Zr...HISPEC/DESPECTowards new phenomena at the limits of nuclear existence!
CollaborationCollaborationA. Banu(Texas I&M), C. Fahlander(Lund), D. Rudolph (Lund), A. Poves(Madrid), F. Nowacki(Strasbourg), A. Bürger(Bonn), P. Reiter(IKP Köln), H. Hübel(Bonn), P. Doornenbal(GSI/Köln), P.Regan(Surrey), H. Grawe(GSI),L.Caceres(GSI/Madrid), A. Bracco(Milan), J. Jolie(Köln), P. Nolan(Daresbury), F. Camera(Milan), G. Neyens(Leuven),D. Balabanski(Sofia), S. Steer(Surrey), R. Hoischen(Lund),T. Otsuka(Tokyo), S. Pietri(Surrey), M. Hjorth-Jensen(Oslo), A. Garnworthy(Surrey), A. Jungclaus(Madrid), M. Pfützner(Warsaw), Zs. Podolyak(Surrey), E. Werner-Malento(GSI/Warsaw), H.J. Wollersheim (GSI), J.Gerl (GSI)...and many othersFor the RISING collaboration
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