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Page 1: Revolutions in Latin America Part 1. What is Latin America? Latin America is Central and South America (and the Caribbean) Latin America is Central and.

Revolutions in Latin Revolutions in Latin AmericaAmerica

Part 1Part 1

Page 2: Revolutions in Latin America Part 1. What is Latin America? Latin America is Central and South America (and the Caribbean) Latin America is Central and.

What is Latin America?What is Latin America? Latin America is Central and South Latin America is Central and South

America (and the Caribbean)America (and the Caribbean)

It is the countries that were originally It is the countries that were originally colonized by Spain, Portugal, and colonized by Spain, Portugal, and France—the Latin Language countries.France—the Latin Language countries.

Spain colonized most of Latin Spain colonized most of Latin America.America.

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Map of South AmericaMap of South America

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Go Over HandoutGo Over Handout

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Social Structure of Latin AmericaSocial Structure of Latin America

Social status determined by parentage Social status determined by parentage (A (A racial hierarchy).racial hierarchy).

PeninsularesPeninsulares—People that were born in Spain. —People that were born in Spain. They dominated political and social life. They dominated political and social life.

CreolesCreoles—Persons whose ancestors were from —Persons whose ancestors were from Europe but who were born in Latin America. Europe but who were born in Latin America. Usually upper middle class (owned large ranchesUsually upper middle class (owned large ranches——haciendas, haciendas, mines or were merchants). They mines or were merchants). They resented their second-class status.resented their second-class status.

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Mestizos–Mestizos– People of European and People of European and native American descent. They too, native American descent. They too, resented their third class status.resented their third class status.

Mulattoes–Mulattoes– People of African and People of African and European descent. They were angry European descent. They were angry about being denied the status, about being denied the status, wealth, and power that was available wealth, and power that was available to the whites.to the whites.

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Native Native Americans—Americans—People whose People whose ancestors were ancestors were born in the born in the Americas.Americas.

Slaves—Slaves—People People from Africa.from Africa.

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Economic PoliciesEconomic Policies

Mercantilism—The colonies could Mercantilism—The colonies could only trade with the mother country.only trade with the mother country.

(What would be the 2 things that (What would be the 2 things that would cause tension in Latin America would cause tension in Latin America towards the mother country [Spain])?towards the mother country [Spain])?

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Reasons Colonists are upset with Reasons Colonists are upset with SpainSpain

1. They resent the fact that the 1. They resent the fact that the Peninsulares Peninsulares dominate colonial dominate colonial society and politics.society and politics.

2. They resent mercantilism.2. They resent mercantilism.

3. The 3. The Creoles Creoles learn of the ideas of learn of the ideas of the the EnlightenmentEnlightenment and see the and see the revolutions in America and France.revolutions in America and France.

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When the Colonists RevoltWhen the Colonists Revolt

When Napoleon conquered Spain in When Napoleon conquered Spain in 1808, he put his brother Joseph on 1808, he put his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne. The colonists the Spanish throne. The colonists (especially the (especially the creoles) creoles) saw this as saw this as a good time to try for independence.a good time to try for independence.

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Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar Born to a wealthy Born to a wealthy

Creole Creole family in what family in what is today Venezuela, is today Venezuela, Bolivar was educated Bolivar was educated in Europe and taught in Europe and taught the ideas of the the ideas of the EnlightenmentEnlightenment..

Like many Creoles, he Like many Creoles, he resents the privileged resents the privileged position of the position of the Peninsulares and the Peninsulares and the mercantilist policies of mercantilist policies of Spain.Spain.

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Also, Bolivar was Also, Bolivar was encouraged by the encouraged by the revolutions in the revolutions in the United States and United States and France.France.

Called “the Called “the Liberator” or “The Liberator” or “The George George Washington of Washington of Latin America.”Latin America.”

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What is Latin America?What is Latin America?

What country had colonized most of Latin What country had colonized most of Latin America?America?

What determined a person’s social status What determined a person’s social status in Latin America?in Latin America?

What group was at the top of Latin What group was at the top of Latin America’s social structure?America’s social structure?

Why did people like Bolivar want to be Why did people like Bolivar want to be independent of Spain (want a revolution)?independent of Spain (want a revolution)?

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The Revolution BeginsThe Revolution Begins

In 1810, Bolivar leads the Revolution In 1810, Bolivar leads the Revolution that establishes a republic in that establishes a republic in Venezuela.Venezuela.

By 1821, Bolivar had liberated By 1821, Bolivar had liberated Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.Bolivia.

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Jose de San MartinJose de San Martin A Creole from Argentina A Creole from Argentina

who went to military school who went to military school in Europe.in Europe.

In 1816 he led the fight In 1816 he led the fight that gained Argentina that gained Argentina independence from Spain.independence from Spain.

Martin, then won Martin, then won independence in both Chile independence in both Chile and Peru.and Peru.

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Bolivar and San MartinBolivar and San Martin

For a while, they try For a while, they try and work together but and work together but their views were too their views were too different and it didn’t different and it didn’t work out.work out.

Eventually, San Martin Eventually, San Martin steps aside and lets steps aside and lets Bolivar win the final Bolivar win the final victories against Spainvictories against Spain

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Stop HereStop Here

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What happens after IndependenceWhat happens after Independence

Bolivar hoped for a united South America, Bolivar hoped for a united South America, but it quickly fell apart because of but it quickly fell apart because of rivalries.rivalries.

Bolivar ended up bitter.Bolivar ended up bitter.

The Creoles benefit the most.The Creoles benefit the most.

As for the lower classes—the mulattoes As for the lower classes—the mulattoes and the Native Americans, nothing really and the Native Americans, nothing really changes.changes.

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What is Latin America?What is Latin America?

What country had colonized most of Latin America?What country had colonized most of Latin America?

What determined a person’s social status in Latin America?What determined a person’s social status in Latin America?

What group was at the top of Latin America’s social structure?What group was at the top of Latin America’s social structure?

Why did people like Bolivar want to be independent of Spain (want Why did people like Bolivar want to be independent of Spain (want a revolution)?a revolution)?

Who is known as “the liberator” of Latin America?Who is known as “the liberator” of Latin America?

Why did Bolivar end up bitter after the Revolution?Why did Bolivar end up bitter after the Revolution?

What group benefited most from the Revolution?What group benefited most from the Revolution?

How did the Revolution effect the lower classes in Latin America?How did the Revolution effect the lower classes in Latin America?

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