Parte I
Tenses
Capitulo 1
Present
1.1 Simple Present
1.1.1 When use it
Simple present is used to refer to
Daily habits: She takes a shower every day
Usual activies: I usually read the newspaper in the morning
General statements: Birds fly
1.1.2 How use it
1.1.2.1 Affirmative
Subject + verb
I
work
on Saturdays
WeYouTheyHe
worksSheIt
1.1.2.2 Negative
Subject + dont/doesnt + verb
I
dont work
on Saturdays
WeYouTheyHe
doesnt workSheIt
1.1.2.3 Question
Do/Does + subject + verb
Do
I
work on Saturdays?
weyouthey
Doeshesheit
1.1.2.4 Spelling
1.2 Present Continuous
1.2.1 When use it
The present continuous is used to expresses an activity that is in progress at the time thespeaker is saying the sentence.
1.2.2 How use it
1.2.2.1 Affirmative
Subject + be + verb + ing
I am taking a shower right nowHe
is taking a shower right nowSheIt
Weare taking a shower right nowYou
They
1.2.2.2 Negative
Subject + be not + verb + ing
I aint taking a shower right nowHe
isnt taking a shower right nowSheIt
Wearent taking a shower right nowYou
They
1.2.2.3 Question
Be + subject + verb + ing
Am I taking a shower right now?
Ishe
taking a shower right now?sheit
Arewe
taking a shower right now?youthey
1.3 Present Perfect
1.3.1 When use it
Present perfect is used to
Express something that occurred (or did not occur) before now, at some unspecifiedtime in the past: Jim has already eaten lunch.Jims lunch occurred before the present time. The exact time is not mentioned because isunimportant or unknown.
Talk about an activity that may be repeated several times before now, at unspecifiedtimes in the past: Pete has eaten at that restaurant many times
Expresses situations that began in the past and continue to present:Weve been in class since ten oclock this morningIve known Ben for ten years
1.3.2 How use it
1.3.2.1 Affirmative
Subject + have/has + past participle verb
I
have lived
here for a long time
WeYouTheyHe
has livedSheIt
1.3.2.2 Negative
Subject + have/has not + past participle verb
I
havent lived
here for a long time
WeYouTheyHe
hasnt livedSheIt
1.3.2.3 Question
Have/Has + subject + past participle verb
Have
I
lived here for a long time?
weyouthey
Hashesheit
1.4 Present Perfect Continuous
1.4.1 When use it
Present perfect continuous is used to talk about how long an activity has been in progressbefore now.
1.4.2 How use it
1.4.2.1 Affirmative
Subject + have/has + been + verb + ing
I
have been driving
for two hours
WeYouTheyHe
has been drivingSheIt
1.4.2.2 Negative
Subject + have/has not + been + verb + ing
I
havent been driving
for two hours
WeYouTheyHe
hasnt been drivingSheIt
1.4.2.3 Question
Have/Has + subject + been + verb + ing
How long have
I
been driving
weyouthey
How long hashesheit
Capitulo 2
Past
2.1 Simple Past
2.1.1 When use it
Simple past is used to talk about something in a specific time in the past (yesterday, lastmonth, 1999, ...)
2.1.2 How use it
2.1.2.1 Affirmative
Subject + verb in the past
I
was
in class yesterday
HeSheIt
WewereYou
They
2.1.2.2 Negative
Subject + didnt + verb
I
didnt work yesterday
HeSheIt
WeYouThey
2.1.2.3 Question
Did + subject + verb
Did
I
work yesterday?
hesheit
weyouthey
2.2 Past Continuous
2.2.1 When use it
Past continuous is used to express an activity that was happening at a point in the past orat the time of another action.
I was eating dinner when Tom came
Eating was in progress at the time that Tom came.
2.2.2 How use it
2.2.2.1 Affirmative
Subject + was/were + verb + ing
I
was sleeping
when the phone rang
HeSheIt
Wewere sleepingYou
They
2.2.2.2 Negative
Subject + was/were not + verb + ing
2.2.2.3 Question
Was/Were + subject + verb + ing
Iwasnt sleeping
when the phone rang
HeSheIt
Wewerent sleepingYou
They
Was
I
sleeping
when the phone rang?
hesheit
Werewe
sleepingyouthey
2.3 Past Perfect
2.3.1 When use it
Past perfect is used when there are two different events at two different times in the past;one event ends before the second event happens.
[Situation: Jack left his apartment at 2:00. Ann arrived at his apartment at 2:15 andknocked on the door.]
When Ann arrived, Jack wasnt there. He had left
There are two events, and both happened in the past: Jack left his apartment. Ann arrivedat his apartment. To show the time relationship between the two events, we use the past perfect(had left) to say that the first event (Jack leaving his apartment) was completed before the secondevent (Ann arriving at his apartment) occurred.
2.3.2 How use it
2.3.2.1 Affirmative
Subject + had + past participle verb
I
had eaten when Bob came
HeSheIt
WeYouThey
2.3.2.2 Negative
Subject + had not + past participle verb
I
hadnt eaten when Bob came
HeSheIt
WeYouThey
2.3.2.3 Question
Had + subject + past participle verb
Had
I
eaten when Bob came?
hesheit
weyouthey
2.4 Past Perfect Continuous
2.4.1 When use it
2.4.2 How use it
Capitulo 3
Future
3.1 Will
3.1.1 When use it
Will is used to:
Make predictions about the future: She will succeed because she works hard.
Express a decision made at the moment of speaking: This chair is too heavy for youto carry alone. Ill help you.
Will form is more formal then going to.
3.1.2 How use it
3.1.2.1 Affirmative
Subject + will + verb
I
will come to the party
HeSheIt
WeYouThey
3.1.2.2 Negative
Subject + will not + verb
I
wont come to the party
HeSheIt
WeYouThey
3.1.2.3 Question
Will + subject + verb
Will
I
come to the party?
hesheit
weyouthey
3.2 Going To
3.2.1 When use it
Going to is used to:
Make predictions about the future: She is going to succeed because she works hard.
Express a plan made before the moment of speaking: I am going to build a bookcasefor my apartment.
Going to is less formal then will.
3.2.2 How use it
3.2.2.1 Affirmative
Subject + be + going to + verb
I am going to leave
at nine tomorrow
Heis going to leaveShe
ItWe
are going to leaveYouThey
3.2.2.2 Negative
Subject + be not + going to + verb
I aint gonna leave
at nine tomorrow
Heisnt gonna leaveShe
ItWe
arent gonna leaveYouThey
3.2.2.3 Question
Be + subject + going to + verb
Am I
going to leave at nine tomorrow?Is
hesheit
Areweyouthey
3.3 Future Continuous
3.3.1 When use it
3.3.2 How use it
3.4 Future Perfect
3.4.1 When use it
3.4.2 How use it
3.5 Future Perfect Continuous
3.5.1 When use it
3.5.2 How use it
TensesPresentSimple PresentWhen use itHow use itAffirmativeNegativeQuestionSpelling
Present ContinuousWhen use itHow use itAffirmativeNegativeQuestion
Present PerfectWhen use itHow use itAffirmativeNegativeQuestion
Present Perfect ContinuousWhen use itHow use itAffirmativeNegativeQuestion
PastSimple PastWhen use itHow use itAffirmativeNegativeQuestion
Past ContinuousWhen use itHow use itAffirmativeNegativeQuestion
Past PerfectWhen use itHow use itAffirmativeNegativeQuestion
Past Perfect ContinuousWhen use itHow use it
FutureWillWhen use itHow use itAffirmativeNegativeQuestion
Going ToWhen use itHow use itAffirmativeNegativeQuestion
Future ContinuousWhen use itHow use it
Future PerfectWhen use itHow use it
Future Perfect ContinuousWhen use itHow use it
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