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RESS RWD and Server Side Components
Sven Wolfermann | maddesigns
Freelancer for modern web development (HTML5, CSS3, jQuery) from Berlin
CSS3 Adventskalender 2010/2011
wrotes articles and post for T3N-, PHP- and Webstandards-Magazin (new: Screengui.de)
mobile Geek
Sven Wolfermann (36)
Twitter: @maddesigns
Web: http://maddesigns.de
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www vs. m. desktop vs mobile
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desktop vs. mobile
dividing pages
large site (feature rich) vs. small size (performant)
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desktop vs tablet vs mobile
dividing more pages?
large site vs. tablet vs. small size
vs. car vs. fridge vs. watch vs. …
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Responsive Web Design
A List Apart article by Ethan Marcotte
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A List Apart is responsive too now
Responsive Web Design
Flexible grids, based on percentage units
Variable image and video sizes – images fit into grid
CSS3 media queries
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image source: http://macrojuice.com/
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RWD
solves many things
one URL, one code base, one deployment
all contents available (if not hidden)
Future friendly
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moto.oakley.com
·85.4MB page weight
471 HTTP requests
2 minutes 45 seconds until loading screen replaced withcontent
4 minutes 10 seconds until onLoad event
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85.4MB, 471 HTTP requests!
THIS IS NOT RWD!
Oakley's monster page of baubles
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moto.oakley.com fail
ok, ok, Oakley does it better now: JUST 14.2MB, 291 request (more than 70MB less)
with mobile user-agent? 6.7MB, 114 requests :/
Oakley's Moto diet
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RWD
has some issues
site tend to be too large for mobile
some content is hard to adapt: images, tables, ads, ...
IE8 doesn't understand RWD (basically)
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Guy Podjarny's RWD performance tests
sites have nearly same weight on mobile as on desktopReal World RWD Performance – Take 2
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RWD is more
Beyond Squishy: The Principles of Adaptive Design
Performance
Reduce image payload (the biggest effect)
Reduce JavaScript and CSS payload
Further optimize based on feature detection
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Lightening Your Responsive Website Design With RESS
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Browser Feature Detection
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Testing browser features with Vanilla JS
Cutting the mustard
if('querySelector' in document && 'localStorage' in window && 'addEventListener' in window) { // bootstrap the javascript application }
if browser supports 'querySelector','localStorage' and 'addEventListener' do hot stuff
BBC Responsive News – Cutting the mustard
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Modernizr
Client side feature detection
Modernizr is a JavaScript library that detects HTML5 & CSS3 features inthe user's browser.http://modernizr.com/
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Modernizr
throw in <head>
<head> <script src="modernizr.js"></script></head>
Modernizr features test: geolocation
Modernizr.geolocation // true or false
if (Modernizr.geolocation) { navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(show_map);} else { // no native support; maybe try a fallback?}
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Modernizr
Modernizr can load different files based on tests
Modernizr.load({ test: Modernizr.geolocation, yep : 'geo.js', nope: 'geo-polyfill.js'});
Modernizr.load is not part of the "development" version
Modernizr adds classes to <html>
<html class="js flexbox canvas canvastext webgl no-touch geolocation postmessage hashchange history boxshadow cssanimations csscolumns cssgradients csstransforms csstransforms3d csstransitions fontface video audio localstorage svg inlinesvg">
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Modernizr
Another Sample: datepicker
<script src="modernizr.js"></script>
<script>Modernizr.load({ test: Modernizr.inputtypes.date, nope: ['jquery.datepicker.js', 'jquery.datepicker.css'], complete: function () { $('input[type=date]').datepicker({ dateFormat: 'yy-mm-dd' }); }});</script>
load jQuery datepicker library for browsers that don't have nativedatepickers
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Conditional loading
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Conditional loading
http://bradfrostweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Keynote-11.png
Conditional loading
http://bradfrostweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Keynote3.png
Conditional loading – window.matchMedia
Returns a new MediaQueryList object representing the parsed resultsof the specified media query string.
if (window.matchMedia("(min-width: 40em)").matches) { /* load secondary stuff */}
matchMedia Polyfill
Modernizr.load and Picturefill uses matchMedia for example
MDN Window.matchMedia
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Conditional loading – Modernizr.load
Modernizr loads scripts and CSS based on media queries
Modernizr.load([
{
test: Modernizr.mq("only screen and (min-width: 1051px)"),
yep: '/js/large.js'
},
{
test: Modernizr.mq("only screen and (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1050px)"),
yep: '/js/medium.js'
},
{
test: Modernizr.mq("only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 599px)"),
yep: '/js/small.js'
}
]);
you can use EM in media queries too ;)
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Conditional loading – pairing CSS & JS
holding CSS and JavaScript Breakpoints in sync
body:after { content: 'small'; display: none;}@media (min-width: 650px) { body:after { content: 'middle'; }}@media (min-width: 1200px) { body:after { content: 'large'; }}
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Conditional loading – pairing CSS & JS
holding CSS and JavaScript Breakpoints in sync
var size = window.getComputedStyle(document.body,':after') .getPropertyValue('content');
if (size == 'large') { // Load some more content.}
Conditional CSS
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Conditional loading – Ajax-include pattern
Replace:
<a href="..." data-replace="latest/fragment">Latest Articles</a>
Before:
<a href="..." data-before="latest/fragment">Latest Articles</a>
After:
<a href="..." data-after="latest/fragment">Latest Articles</a>
init with jQuery:
$("[data-replace],[data-before],[data-after]").ajaxInclude();
An Ajax-Include Pattern for Modular Content
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Browser-Sniffing
Browser-Sniffing
remember the old days? Not? You lucky guy! UA-string history
Browser-Sniffing went wrong
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Browser-Sniffing
is hard and unreliable
For example, Safari user agent string on an iOS7 iPhone:
Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 7_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/546.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0 Mobile/7E18WD Safari/8536.25
often browsers aims other browsers
detecting the "right" user agent is complicated
Parsing UA string is not a regex jobUA-Detection libraries
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What?! UA-Sniffing is wild guessing
This is NOT a "mobile" detection!
if((navigator.userAgent.match(/iPhone/i)) || (navigator.userAgent.match(/iPod/i))) { if (document.cookie.indexOf("mobile_redirect=false") == -1) { window.location = "http://m.yoursite.com/"; }}
more like this
// Check if UA is mobile (from http://detectmobilebrowsers.com/)if(/(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge |maemo|midp|mmp|netfront|opera m(ob|in)i|palm( os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows (ce|phone)|xda|xiino/i.test(agent) { isUAMobile = true;}
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Device Detection
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Device Detection Libraries
WURFL (Java/.NET/PHP) free *
Scientiamobile (Java/.NET/PHP) commercial *
Device Atlas (Java/.NET/PHP) commercial
Netbiscuits' Device Library commercial
51degrees (.NET, C, Java, PHP) free limited / commercial
Open DDR (Java/.net) Open Source
Mobile Detect (PHP) Open Source
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* free with restricted license
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Device Detection Libraries
Problems
updates are slow
not reliable
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Client meets server
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Client meets Server
set browser width cookie with JS
RESS = {}; RESS.writeCookie = function (name, value) { //cookie code } //Store width in a cookieRESS.storeSizes = function () { //Get screen width var width = window.innerWidth; // Set a cookie with the client side capabilities. RESS.writeCookie("RESS", "width." + width);} RESS.storeSizes();
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Client meets Server
use cookie info in code
Setting a file path based on window.innerWidth
<?php // grab the cookie value $screenWidth = $_COOKIE['RESS']; // set the img path var if ($screenWidth <= 320) { $imgPath = "320"; } else if ($screenWidth < 960) { $imgPath = "640"; } else { $imgPath = "960"; } // print out our image link print "<img src='/rwd/images/".$imgPath."/car.jpg' alt='Car' />";?>
http://www.netmagazine.com/tutorials/getting-started-ress
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Client meets Server
use cookie info in code
<?php if ($RESS["width"] >= 320 && $RESS["width"] <= 640) {?> <div class="mobile-ad max-320"> <?php include "/ads/320.php"?> </div><?php } ?>
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Modernizr Server
Client features for the server
<?php include('modernizr-server.php'); print 'The server knows:'; foreach($modernizr as $feature=>$value) { print " $feature: "; print_r($value); }?>
The server knows:canvas: 1geolocation: 1crosswindowmessaging: 1indexeddb: 0hashchange: 1...
https://github.com/jamesgpearce/modernizr-server
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RESSResponsive Web Design + Server Side Components
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In a nutshell, RESS combines adaptivelayouts with server side component(not full page) optimization. So a singleset of page templates define an entireWeb site for all devices but keycomponents within that site havedevice-class specific implementationsthat are rendered server side.
—Luke Wroblewski @lukew
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http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?1392
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Sapient Nitro about RESS
http://www.youtube.com/embed/XhCXINNvmv8
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Advantages of RESS
Easier to navigate: The navigation structure can be customized for thedifferent tasks.
Less page bloat: Instead of relying on display: none; or visibility:hidden; to hide page elements for mobile devices, removed from theHTML or CSS.
Faster load time: Unnecessary CSS/JavaScript can be removed fromthe HTML
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Disadvantages of RESS
More server resources: Dynamically building the HTML will increasethe load on the server.
Caching: A need for a better caching mechanism
Requires device detection: Mobile users will need to be detected.Device detection is unreliable.
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Adaptive Images
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Adaptive Images
Add .htaccess and adaptive-images.php to your document-rootfolder.
Add one line of JavaScript into the <head> of your site.
Add your CSS Media Query values into $resolutions in the PHP file.
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Adaptive Images
1. The HTML starts to load in the browser and a snippet of JS in the <head> writes asession cookie, storing the visitor's screen size in pixels.
2. The browser then encounters an <img> tag and sends a request to the server for thatimage. It also sends the cookie, because that’s how browsers work.
3. Apache receives the request for the image and immediately has a look in the website's .htaccess file, to see if there are any special instructions for serving files.
4. There are! The .htaccess says "Dear server, any request you get for a JPG, GIF, orPNG file please send to the adaptive-images.php file instead."
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Adaptive Images
5. The PHP file looks for a cookie and finds that the user has a maximum screen size of480px.
6. It compares the cookie value with all $resolution sizes that were configured, anddecides which matches best. In this case, an image maxing out at 480px wide.
7. It then has a look inside the /ai-cache/480/ folder to see if a rescaled image alreadyexists.
8. We'll pretend it doesn’t - the PHP then goes to the actual requested URI to find theoriginal file.
9. It checks the image width. If that's smaller than the user's screen width it sends theimage.
10. If it's larger, the PHP creates a down-scaled copy and saves that into the /ai-cache/480/ folder ready for the next time it's needed, and sends it to the user.
http://adaptive-images.com/
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Responsive Images a topic for itself…
Responsive Images [german]
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Detector
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Detector (PHP RESS library)
combines UA-parsing and feature testing
includes User Agent parser – record any useful information (like OS ordevice name)
includes Modernizr Server
no need for commercial device detection libraries
add your own feature tests and store the results using Modernizr'saddTest() API
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Detector
1. HTTP request hits server
2. Detector compares User-Agent with database
3. if known, classify device and get back content
4. if not, Modernizr makes feature detection, stores cookie
5. reloads site, gives back specified content
6. stores UA-String/features combination for later use
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How Detector works
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Detector device families
The default install of Detector will categorize browsers into one of threefamilies.
// families.json{ "tablet": { "isTablet": true }, "mobile-advanced": { "isMobile": true, "features": ["cssanimations","localstorage","deviceorientation"] }, "mobile-basic": { "isMobile": true }, "desktop": { "isComputer": true }}
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Detector sample
switch ads, basic sample
if ($ua->family == 'mobile-basic') { include "/ads/simple.php";} elseif ($ua->family == 'mobile-advanced') { include "/ads/responsive-ads.php";} else { include "/ads/desktop.php";}
Detector video sample
if ($ua->video->h264 || $ua->video->webm) { print $html5Embed; // YouTube's <iframe> code} else { print $simpleLink;}
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RESS examples
University of Notre Dame
West Virginia University
CNN
Scientiamobile
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RESS isn't the holy grail (RWD isn't either)
RESS – further reading
Templating with Detector & Mustache for RESS
Is Adaptive Web Design Or RESS Better Than Responsive Design ForSEO?
Adaptation: Why responsive design actually begins on the server
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One more thing!
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Client Hints
Client Hints is a new proposal by Ilja Grigorik and will allow clients toindicate a list of device and agent specific preferences. Spec Draft
(request)GET /img.jpg HTTP/1.1User-Agent: Awesome BrowserAccept: image/webp, image/jpgCH: dpr=2.0
(response)HTTP/1.1 200 OKServer: Awesome ServerContent-Type: image/jpgContent-Length: 124523Vary: CH
(image data)
Automating DPR switching with Client-Hints
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Client Hints
For example, given the following request header:
CH: dh=598, dw=384, dpr=2.0
The server knows that the client's screen height is 598px, width is384px, as measured by density independent pixels on the device, andthat the device pixel ratio is 2.0.
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Client Hints
ReSrc.it can handle client hints now
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Questions?
Thanks for your attention!Sven Wolfermann | maddesigns
http://maddesigns.de/RESS/
HTML5 slideshow by Google
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