1
Respiratory, Muscular and Skeletal Systems
Understanding Energy Transformations
2Specialized Tissues
» What are groups of similar cells called?
» What are the 4 basic types of tissue in animals?
» Tissues
1. Epithelial2. Connective3. Nervous4. Muscle
3Epithelial Tissue
» Define:
» Examples:
» Cells that line/cover internal & external body structures; includes glands
» Skin» Linings of blood vessels» Lining of digestive tract
4Epithelial Tissue
» Functions: » Protect tissues beneath
» Absorption of gases & nutrients
» Secretion of substances
» Provide sensation
5
6Connective Tissue
» Define:
» Characteristics come from:
» What is the extracellular matrix?
» Provides support for the body & connects its parts
» The extracellular matrix
» Non-living tissue that surrounds/supports living cells
7Connective Tissue
» Examples: 1. Blood2. Bone3. Ligaments/tendons4. Cartilage5. Adipose (fat)6. Mesenteries
8
9Connective Tissue
» What is the matrix of blood?
» What are the living cells of blood?
» Plasma – fluid part of blood; makes up 55% of blood volume
» Red blood cells» White blood cells» Platelets
10Connective Tissue
» What is the matrix of bone?
» What are the living cells of bone?
» Collagen protein» Calcium Phosphate
» Osteocytes
11Connective Tissue
» What is the matrix of cartilage?
» What are the living cells of cartilage?
» Collagen protein» Elastin fibers
» Chondrocytes
12Connective Tissue
» Why does bone heal so quickly?
» Why does cartilage heal slowly/not at all?
» Large blood supply
» No blood supply
13Nervous Tissue
» Define:
» Examples:
» Tissue that transmits nerve impulses throughout body
» Brain» Spinal Cord» Sensory & motor
neurons
14Muscle Tissue
» Define:
» Examples:
» Tissue that is made of “excitable” cells that are capable of contraction
» Most abundant tissue type in most animals
» Skeletal» Smooth» Cardiac
15
16Respiratory System
» Function of system:
» Relationship to aerobic cell respiration:
» Brings about the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood, the air & the tissues of an organism
» Provides O2 to the cells so that glucose can be broken down/converted to ATP
17Respiratory System
» What is cellular metabolism?
» Importance of respiratory system to cellular metabolism:
» The chemical processes occurring with a living cell that are necessary for the maintenance of life
» Provides oxygen for the conversion of glucose to ATP to power the chemical processes
18Respiratory System
» What is anabolism?
» Energy is:
» Example:
» The building of larger molecules from smaller ones
» Used
» Photosynthesis
19
» What is catabolism?
» Energy is:
» Example:
» The breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones
» Released
» Aerobic cellular respiration
20Structures of Respiratory System
» What are the main organs?
» Actual place of gas exchange in lungs:
» Other structures:
» Lungs
» Alveoli (clusters of air sacs that look like grapes)
» Trachea» Left & Right Bronchi» Bronchioles» Diaphragm
21
22
23Muscular System
» Function of system:
» What are 2 basic types of muscle action?
» To provide movement for and within body
» Voluntary˃ Example - skeletal
» Involuntary˃ Examples - smooth &
cardiac
24Muscular System
» What organelles are found in large numbers in muscle tissue?
» What 2 muscle types require a constant input of energy?
» What 2 muscle types might require a rapid input of energy?
» Mitochondria
» Cardiac» Smooth
» Cardiac» Skeletal
25Body Systems & Cellular Respiration
» Digestive System» Circulatory
System» Respiratory
System» Muscular
System» Nervous System
» Provides energy:» Transports nutrients, gases &
wastes to/from cells» Provides gas exchange
» Controls action of diaphragm/lungs
» Controls actions of all systems
26Skeletal System
» Functions: 1. Supports body2. Protects internal
organs3. Provides movement4. Stores mineral
reserves5. Site of blood cell
formation (marrow)
27Skeletal System
» What is a endoskeleton?
» Composition:
» Organisms with an endoskeleton:
» An internal skeleton
» Bones, cartilage, ligaments & tendons
1. Reptiles2. Amphibians3. Fish4. Birds 5. Mammals
28
29Skeletal System
» What is an exoskeleton?
» Composition:
» Organisms with exoskeleton:
» Organisms with both:
» An external skeleton
» Chitin, bone, calcium carbonate
» Insects» Crustaceans » Mollusks
» Armadillo» Turtle
30
31Skeletal System
» Where do bones meet?» What holds 2 or more
bones together?» What attaches muscle to
bone?
» Joints» Ligaments
» Tendons
Top Related