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Table of Contents1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Background to the problem ................................................................................................................... 22
1.2Statement of the problem .........................................................................................................................3
2.0Approach to the problem..........................................................................................................................3
3.0 Research design......................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Types of research design and Information needed ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2 Data collection ........................................................................................................................................ 4
3.3 Questionnaire development and scaling technique ................................................................................. 4
3.4 Sampling technique ................................................................................................................................. 5
3.5 Field work ............................................................................................................................................... 54.0 Data analysis ........................................................................................................................................... 5
5.0 Results ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.0 Limitations and caveats ........................................................................................................................... 7
7.0 Conclusion and recommendation ............................................................................................................ 8
8.0 Exhibits ................................................................................................................................................... 8
8.1 Questionnaire and form ........................................................................................................................... 8
8.2 Statistical outputs .................................................................................................................................. 11
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1.0 Introduction
Economic supremacy is the foremost feature of the current world. In order to survive,
Bangladesh has no other options but to attain economic development. Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI) is recognized as a key component for economic growth for Bangladesh.
Being one of the Least Developed Countries (LDC) with insufficient domestic savings rate for
investment after fulfilling its basic needs, the importance of foreign investment is
unquestionable. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) will create employment, increase efficiency of
labor, encourage technology transfer and develop new exportable sector. To attract more and
more FDI the government of Bangladesh has been trying to establish private investment friendly
environment. A number of opportunities have been given by the Government of Bangladesh
(GOB) to attract foreign investors to invest in the country in some prospective sectors.
Sponsoring agencies responsible for private sector industrial development are Board of
Investment (BOI), Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority (BEPZA), Bangladesh Smalland Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC), Financing Institutions (FI) and Commercial Banks
(CB) including Development Financing Institutions (DFI) and Nationalized Commercial Banks
(NCB) etc.
In late 70s when individual ownership economy revived in our country, EPZ was created to
attract capital investment, employment generation and rapid industrialization. As a matter of fact,
the main objective of setting up EPZ is to create individual industrial entrepreneurs and thereby
to achieve the other objectives. The economy of Bangladesh is basically agro-based. The
habitants of agro-based economy are generally remains habituated in a risk less life. In other
way, business investment particularly industrial investment brings solvency and dynamism inhuman life but it is risky and hazardous. Therefore, to create industrial entrepreneurs some
institutional support must be extended to the individual businessmen. EPZ ensures this
institutional support to the potential business entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.
1.1 Background to the problem
In late 70s when individual ownership economy revived in our country, EPZ was created to attract
capital investment, employment generation and rapid industrialization. As a matter of fact, the main
objective of setting up EPZ is to create individual industrial entrepreneurs and thereby to achieve the
other objectives.
In order to stimulate rapid economic growth of the country, particularly through industrialization,
the government has adopted an 'Open Door Policy' to attract foreign investment to Bangladesh.
The Bangladesh Export Processing Zones Authority (BEPZA) is the official organ of the
government to promote, attract and facilitate foreign investment in the Export Processing Zones.
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The primary objectives of an EPZ are to provide special areas where potential investors would
find a congenial investment climate, free from cumbersome procedures. But from current
scenario, there are some potential problems which hinder foreign investments in EPZs and flow
of FDI here is not as per initial expectation.
1.2Statement of the problem
As we discuss in background that FDI flow in EPZs of BEPZA could not meet as they expected.
There for we are looking at the problem like Should BEPZA provide more institutional
support to promote, attract and facilitate FDI?
2.0
Approach to the problem
The research was conducted after conversation with the experts (especially with those associated
with investment promotion and engineering department) of BEPZA. Some FDI related
magazines and articles were also analyzed for depth knowledge and views about the problem.
The independent variables associated with the problem analyzed like solving problems, provision
of incentives, the behavior of employees, safe environment for investments , labor issues, protective
measures , physical facilities and infrastructures of BEPZA, Governance systems, prompt service were
considered.
Variables for Study
Dependent Variable
Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) attracted by BEPZA
Independent Variables
Solving problems
Provision of incentives
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The behavior of employees
Safe Environment for investments
Labor issues
Protective measures
Physical facilities and infrastructures of BEPZA
Governance systems
Prompt service
3.0 Research design
3.1 Types of research design and Information needed
Basically descriptive research design is used here. Survey method is used here to collect the data.
Personal interview technique has been used to conduct the survey. Information on Solving
problems, Provision of incentives , The behavior of employees , Safe Environment for investments ,
Labor issues, Protective measures , Physical facilities and infrastructures of BEPZA, Governance
systems, Prompt service were required for this research.
3.2 Data collection
Primary data was collected from BEPZA Complex, Dhanmondi, Dhaka and Adamjee EPZ, Shiddhirgonj,
Narayanganj. To get quantitative data directly from investors with a view to measure their level
of satisfaction, interview was taken on 30 (thirty) local and foreign key personnel from different
industries at Adamjee EPZ who have different investment profile & who lie in different age group. Thesecondary data was collected from published literatures, journals, company reports, websites, etc.
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3.3 Questionnaire development and scaling technique
A preliminary questionnaire is developed by using Likert scales. The independent and
dependent variables were identified and there was one question for each of the variables. The
questionnaire was pre-tested several times to eliminate problem about appropriate wording,
format, length and sequence of the questions. After fixing the questions for the independent and
dependent variables based on the type of questions different values were assigned to the Likert
scale. For a positive statement highest number (9) was assigned for extremely agree and lowest
number (1) for extremely disagree responses. For a negative statement highest number (9) was
assigned for extremely disagree and lowest number (1) for extremely agree responses.
3.4 Sampling technique
I have applied Convenience and Judgmental sampling technique here. In this form of sampling,
respondents were selected because they happen to be in the right place at the right time. It was
the least expensive and least time consuming of all sampling techniques at this case the sampling
units were accessible, easy to measure and cooperative. Again time and budget constraints
were another issue why the sample size was small.
3.5 Field work
Data from all of these 30 respondents were collected from Adamjee EPZ, Shiddhirganj,
Narayanganj. Data has been collected by interviewing respondents from different profession and
area.
4.0 Data analysis
I have used SPSS version 16 (for windows) for analyzing the survey data. Basically all the
variables were properly inputted & scaled at SPSS to get Regression and Discriminant outputs.
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For Study, Regression analyses have been applied to identify & investigate affect of independent
variables on dependent variable.
5.0 Results
Multiple Regression Analysis
From Model Summary the value of R is 0.638 along with positive sign indicating there is a
strong relationship between dependent variable (BEPZA attracts Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI) smoothly) and independent variable (When Investors have a problem BEPZA shows a
sincere interest in solving it, BEPZA provides incentives for attracting foreign investments at the
time it promises to do so, The behavior of employees in BEPZA instills confidence in you, You
feel safe in your investments in EPZs of BEPZA, The IR section and counselors of EPZs in
BEPZA are not capable in handling labor issues, Protective measures taken by BEPZA are
needed to be improved, BEPZAs physical facilities and infrastructures are not visually
appealing for investment, Governance system of EPZs in BEPZA is to be modified to
international standard and Employees in BEPZA give you prompt service) considered in this
model.
The value of R2
is 0.466; we can say that 46.6 percent of variation is dependent variable
accounted for independent variables.
Discriminant Analysis
From Tests of Equality of group means it is seen that for degree of freedom between 2 and 27,
Safe Environment of Investment is the most significant beyond the 0.05 level.
Here, Eigenvalue associated with the first function is 0.841 and the function accounts for
84.80% of the explained variance. Since eigenvalue large, this function seems to be superior.
The second function has small eigenvalue of 0.150 accounts for only 15.2% of the explained
variance.
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Wilks for first function is smaller (0.472) which is closed to zero (0) as compared to second
function (0.869) indicating that the group means seems to be different for first function.
Standardized Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients indicates that for first function
relatively larger coefficients for the Behavior of Employee, Safe Environment of Investment,
Labor Issues, Governance system of EPZs in BEPZA and for second function relatively larger
coefficients for Protective Measures, Safe Environment of Investment, Solving Problem and
Governance System of EPZs in BEPZA. One unit increase of independent variable associated
with this coefficient will increase the value of discriminant score to the same amount.
Structure Matrix indicates that variables with large coefficients for a particular function are
grouped together. These groupings are shown with asterisks. For first function, Safe
Environment of Investment, Behavior of Employees, BEPZAs physical facilities and
infrastructures, Labor Issues and Provision of Incentives have asterisks. For second function, t,
Protective Measures, Solving Problem, Prompt Service of Employees and Governance System of
EPZs in BEPZA have asterisks.
The Centroid is the mean values for the discriminant scores for particular group. These values
used in calculating cutting scores.
From Classification Results, 50% of original cases and 30% of cross validated grouped cases
correctly classified.
6.0 Limitations and caveats
I have faced some problems while conducting the study.
I had limited access to the related literature review due to lack of journals and relatedmaterials
I could not test reliability and validity of the questionnaire due to lack of time. No expert analyst was used for the analysis. So, the analysis may contain some errors. Sample collected may not be representative.
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7.0 Conclusion and recommendation
BEPZA play an important role in our economy. It also promised to provide enough support to
promote, attract and facilitate FDI in Bangladesh. According to above study, BEPZA should look
into the factors that attract foreign entrepreneurs and investigate them properly. Factors include
Solving problems, Provision of incentives, Behavior of employees, Safe Environment for
investments, Labor issues, Protective measures, Physical facilities and infrastructures of BEPZA,
Governance systems, Prompt service.
So BEPZA should provide all of the above facilities and support to attract FDI. Investigation of
above factors may provide insights of the problem and help decision makers to make the right
decision.
From the study BEPZA may take further step to attract FDI.
8.0 Exhibits
8.1 Questionnaire and form
Different questionnaire and options are listed below about BEPZA. Please rate how strongly you
agree or disagree with each of the following statements by placing a check mark.
Questionnaire
Name: Age:
Profession:
Different questionnaire and options are listed below about performance of BEPZA. Please rate how
strongly you agree or disagree with each of the following statements by placing a check mark.
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1. BEPZA attracts Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) smoothly.Extremely
agree
Strongly
agree
Agree Somewhat
agree
Neither
agree
nor
disagree
Disagree Somewhat
disagree
Strongly
disagree
Extremely
disagree
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
2. When Investors have a problem, BEPZA shows a sincere interest in solving it.Extremely
agree
Strongly
agree
Agree Somewhat
agree
Neither
agree
nor
disagree
Disagree Somewhat
disagree
Strongly
disagree
Extremely
disagree
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
3. BEPZA provides incentives for attracting foreign investments at the time it promises to do so.Extremely
agree
Strongly
agree
Agree Somewhat
agree
Neither
agree
nordisagree
Disagree Somewhat
disagree
Strongly
disagree
Extremely
disagree
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
4. The behavior of employees in BEPZA instills confidence in you.Extremely
agree
Strongly
agree
Agree Somewhat
agree
Neither
agreenor
disagree
Disagree Somewhat
disagree
Strongly
disagree
Extremely
disagree
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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5. You feel safe in your investments in EPZs of BEPZA.Extremely
agree
Strongly
agree
Agree Somewhat
agree
Neither
agree
nor
disagree
Disagree Somewhat
disagree
Strongly
disagree
Extremely
disagree
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
6. The IR section and counselors of EPZs in BEPZA are not capable in handling labor issues.Extremely
agree
Strongly
agree
Agree Somewhat
agree
Neither
agree
nor
disagree
Disagree Somewhat
disagree
Strongly
disagree
Extremely
disagree
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
7. Protective measures taken by BEPZA are needed to be improved.Extremely
agree
Strongly
agree
Agree Somewhat
agree
Neither
agree
nor
disagree
Disagree Somewhat
disagree
Strongly
disagree
Extremely
disagree
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8. BEPZAs physical facilities and infrastructures are not visually appealing for investment.
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Extremely
agree
Strongly
agree
Agree Somewhat
agree
Neither
agree
nor
disagree
Disagree Somewhat
disagree
Strongly
disagree
Extremely
disagree
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
9. Governance system of EPZs in BEPZA is to be modified to international standard.Extremely
agree
Strongly
agree
Agree Somewhat
agree
Neither
agree
nor
disagree
Disagree Somewhat
disagree
Strongly
disagree
Extremely
disagree
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
10.Employees in BEPZA give you prompt service.Extremely
agree
Strongly
agree
Agree Somewhat
agree
Neither
agree
nor
disagree
Disagree Somewhat
disagree
Strongly
disagree
Extremely
disagree
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8.2 Statistical outputs
Multiple Regression Analysis
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 .683a .466 .226 2.287
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a. Predictors: (Constant), Employees of BEPZA give prompt service, When Investors
have a problem BEPZA shows sincere interest in solving it, Protective measures taken
by BEPZA needed to be improved, Investors feel safe investing in EPZ's of BEPZA,
BEPZA provides incentives for attracting foreign investment at the time it promises,
The IR section and counselors are not capable in handling labor issue, Governancesystem of EPZ's in BEPZA needed to be modified to international standard, BEPZA's
physical facilities and infrastructures are not visually appealing, The behavior of
employees of BEPZA instills confidence in Investors
b. Dependent Variable: BEPZA attracts FDI smoothly
ANOVAb
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 91.257 9 10.140 1.939 .104a
Residual 104.610 20 5.230
Total 195.867 29
a. Predictors: (Constant), Employees of BEPZA give promt service, When Investors have a problem BEPZA shows
sincere interest in solving it, Protective measures taken by BEPZA needed to be improved, Investors feel safe investing
in EPZ's of BEPZA, BEPZA provides incentives for attracting foreign investment at the time it promises, The IR
section and counselors are not capable in handling labor issue, Governance system of EPZ's in BEPZA needed to be
modified to international standard, BEPZA's physical facilities and infrastructures are not visually appealing, The
behaviour of employees of BEPZA instills confidence in Investors
b. Dependent Variable: BEPZA attracts FDI smoothly
Coefficientsa
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Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) 6.821 3.180 2.145 .04
When Investors have a problem
BEPZA shows sincere interest in
solving it
.137 .195 .135 .706 .48
BEPZA provides incentives for
attracting foreign investment at the
time it promises
.045 .225 .043 .201 .84
The behaviour of employees of
BEPZA instills confidence in
Investors
-.419 .221 -.415 -1.898 .07
Investors feel safe investing in
EPZ's of BEPZA-.276 .206 -.247 -1.341 .19
The IR section and counselors are
not capable in handling labor issue-.328 .210 -.320 -1.560 .13
Protective measures taken by
BEPZA needed to be improved.306 .216 .267 1.415 .17
BEPZA's physical facilities and
infrastructures are not visually
appealing
.014 .239 .012 .057 .95
Governance system of EPZ's in
BEPZA needed to be modified to
international standard
-.060 .212 -.057 -.284 .77
Employees of BEPZA give prompt
service.175 .207 .165 .844 .40
a. Dependent Variable: BEPZA attracts FDI smoothly
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Residuals Statisticsa
Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation N
Predicted Value 2.02 9.63 5.07 1.774 30
Residual -4.101 4.213 .000 1.899 30
Std. Predicted Value -1.718 2.572 .000 1.000 30
Std. Residual -1.793 1.842 .000 .830 30
a. Dependent Variable: BEPZA attracts FDI smoothly
Charts
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Results of Three-Group Discriminant Analysis
Group Statistics
New FDI Mean Std. Deviation
Valid N (listwise)
Unweighted Weighted
1 Solving Problem 4.50 2.369 10 10.000
Provision of Incentives 4.80 3.190 10 10.000
The behavior of employees 6.30 3.234 10 10.000
Safe Environment of Investments 6.50 2.068 10 10.000
Labor Issues 5.60 2.989 10 10.000
Protective Measures 5.00 2.108 10 10.000
BEPZA's physical facilities andinfrastructures
6.20 2.440 10 10.000
Governance system of EPZ's inBEPZA
4.50 2.461 10 10.000
Prompt Service by Employees 4.70 3.020 10 10.000
2 Solving Problem 5.00 2.749 10 10.000
Provision of Incentives 5.60 2.366 10 10.000
The behavior of employees 4.80 2.098 10 10.000
Safe Environment of Investments 3.80 2.251 10 10.000
Labor Issues 4.70 2.111 10 10.000
Protective Measures 4.70 2.452 10 10.000
BEPZA's physical facilities andinfrastructures
4.90 2.424 10 10.000
Governance system of EPZ's inBEPZA
4.60 2.757 10 10.000
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Prompt Service by Employees 5.40 2.119 10 10.000
3 Solving Problem 6.40 2.366 10 10.000
Provision of Incentives 5.80 1.751 10 10.000
The behavior of employees 3.90 1.792 10 10.000
Safe Environment of Investments 4.10 1.792 10 10.000
Labor Issues 4.20 2.486 10 10.000
Protective Measures 6.10 2.234 10 10.000
BEPZA's physical facilities andinfrastructures
5.00 2.211 10 10.000
Governance system of EPZ's in
BEPZA4.80 2.394 10 10.000
Prompt Service by Employees 4.90 2.331 10 10.000
Total Solving Problem 5.30 2.548 30 30.000
Provision of Incentives 5.40 2.458 30 30.000
The behavior of employees 5.00 2.573 30 30.000
Safe Environment of Investments 4.80 2.325 30 30.000
Labor Issues 4.83 2.534 30 30.000
Protective Measures 5.27 2.273 30 30.000
BEPZA's physical facilities andinfrastructures
5.37 2.356 30 30.000
Governance system of EPZ's inBEPZA
4.63 2.456 30 30.000
Prompt Service by Employees 5.00 2.449 30 30.000
Tests of Equality of Group Means
Wilks' Lambda F df1 df2 Sig.
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Solving Problem .897 1.551 2 27 .230
Provision of Incentives .968 .446 2 27 .645
The behavior of employees .847 2.441 2 27 .106
Safe Environment of Investments .721 5.233 2 27 .012
Labor Issues .946 .772 2 27 .472
Protective Measures .927 1.055 2 27 .362
BEPZA's physical facilities and
infrastructures.935 .939 2 27 .403
Governance system of EPZ's in
BEPZA.997 .036 2 27 .965
Prompt Service by Employees .985 .205 2 27 .816
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Pooled Within-Groups Matrices
Solving
Problem
Provision of
Incentives
The behavior
of employees
Safe Environment
of Investments
Labor
Issues
Protective
Measures
BEPZA's physicalfacilities and
infrastructures
Governancesystem of EPZ's in
BEPZA
Prompt Service
by Employees
Correlation Solving Problem 1.000 -.149 -.019 -.064 -.347 .043 .082 .124 -.036
Provision of
Incentives-.149 1.000 -.502 -.077 .286 -.215 -.119 .360 -.206
The behavior of
employees-.019 -.502 1.000 .134 -.214 .190 .052 -.306 .393
Safe Environment of
Investments-.064 -.077 .134 1.000 -.048 .154 .175 -.236 -.098
Labor Issues -.347 .286 -.214 -.048 1.000 .166 .292 -.022 -.091
Protective Measures .043 -.215 .190 .154 .166 1.000 .337 -.366 -.102
BEPZA's physical
facilities and
infrastructures
.082 -.119 .052 .175 .292 .337 1.000 .072 -.324
Governance system of
EPZ's in BEPZA.124 .360 -.306 -.236 -.022 -.366 .072 1.000 -.105
Prompt Service byEmployees
-.036 -.206 .393 -.098 -.091 -.102 -.324 -.105 1.000
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Analysis 1
Summary of Canonical Discriminant Functions
Eigenvalues
Function Eigenvalue % of Variance Cumulative %
Canonical
Correlation
1 .841a 84.8 84.8 .676
2 .150a 15.2 100.0 .361
a. First 2 canonical discriminant functions were used in the analysis.
Wilks' Lambda
Test of
Function(s) Wilks' Lambda Chi-square df Sig.
1 through 2 .472 17.262 18 .505
2 .869 3.220 8 .920
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Standardized Canonical Discriminant Function Coefficients
Function
1 2
Solving Problem -.148 .419
Provision of Incentives -.223 -.067
The behavior of employees .620 -.206
Safe Environment of Investments .635 .632
Labor Issues .484 .038
Protective Measures -.470 .717
BEPZA's physical facilities and
infrastructures.028 -.230
Governance system of EPZ's in
BEPZA.195 .387
Prompt Service by Employees -.277 -.085
Structure Matrix
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Function
1 2
Safe Environment of Investments .635* .568
The behavior of employees .460* -.132
BEPZA's physical facilities and
infrastructures.272* .220
Labor Issues .259* -.062
Provision of Incentives -.198* -.033
Protective Measures -.167 .604*
Solving Problem -.319 .442*
Prompt Service by Employees -.070 -.272*
Governance system of EPZ's in
BEPZA-.051 .058*
Pooled within-groups correlations between discriminating
variables and standardized canonical discriminant functions
Variables ordered by absolute size of correlation within function.
*. Largest absolute correlation between each variable and any
discriminant function
Functions at Group Centroids
New FDI Function
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1 2
1 1.189 .134
2 -.321 -.502
3 -.869 .368
Unstandardized canonical discriminant
functions evaluated at group means
Classification Statistics
Prior Probabilities for Groups
New FDI Prior
Cases Used in Analysis
Unweighted Weighted
1 .333 10 10.000
2 .333 10 10.000
3 .333 10 10.000
Total 1.000 30 30.000
Classification Resultsb,c
New FDI
Predicted Group Membership
Total1 2 3
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Original Count 1 7 2 1 10
2 3 4 3 10
3 1 5 4 10
% 1 70.0 20.0 10.0 100.0
2 30.0 40.0 30.0 100.0
3 10.0 50.0 40.0 100.0
Cross-validateda Count 1 5 2 3 10
2 3 1 6 10
3 3 4 3 10
% 1 50.0 20.0 30.0 100.0
2 30.0 10.0 60.0 100.0
3 30.0 40.0 30.0 100.0
a. Cross validation is done only for those cases in the analysis. In cross validation, each case is classified bythe functions derived from all cases other than that case.
b. 50.0% of original grouped cases correctly classified.
c. 30.0% of cross-validated grouped cases correctly classified.
Bibliography
1. Malhothra. Naresh K., 2008, Advanced Marketing Research, 6th Edition.
2. www.epzbangladesh.org.bd.
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