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Page 1: Renewable and non-renewable  energy sources

Renewable and non-renewable energy sources

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

Page 2: Renewable and non-renewable  energy sources

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Renewable and non-renewable energy sources

A renewable energy resource is one that will not run out.

Renewable energy sources do not produce radioactive waste, greenhouse gases or acid rain.

Examples include wind, hydroelectric, wave, tidal, solar and geothermal.

Fossil fuels such as coal. gas and oil as well as uranium are non-renewable energy sources.

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Hydroelectric powerFalling water is used to drive a turbine which rotates an electrical generator.

Energy changes:

gravitational potential

to kinetic

to electrical

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Hydroelectric power station

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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ADVANTAGES • Renewable • No greenhouse gases• No acid rain• No radioactive waste• Short start up time

DISADVANTAGES• Very limited locations• Wildlife affected• Expensive to build

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The Hoover Dam near Las Vegas

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Wave power

Waves can be used to drive an electrical generator.

Energy changes:

kinetic

to electrical

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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ADVANTAGES • Renewable • No greenhouse gases• No acid rain• No radioactive waste• No land needed• Short start up time

DISADVANTAGES• Unreliable• Can only be used in areas

with suitable waves• Prone to storm damage• Many needed to produce

the same energy of a small thermal power station

• Danger to shipping

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Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Tidal powerMoving water caused by the tides is used to drive a turbine directly which rotates an electrical generator.

Energy changes:gravitational potentialto kinetic to electrical

Tidal power station at La Rance, Brittany

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Tidal power stationHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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ADVANTAGES • Renewable • No greenhouse gases• No acid rain• No radioactive waste• Short start up time

DISADVANTAGES• Very limited locations• Wildlife affected• Expensive to build

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Proposed Severn Estuary Tidal Power Scheme

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Wind power

Wind is used to rotate a turbine (the blades) which turns an electrical generator.

A wind farm

Energy changes:

kinetic

to electrical

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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ADVANTAGES • Renewable energy source• No greenhouse gases• No acid rain• No radioactive waste• Inexpensive to build• Short start up time

DISADVANTAGES• Unreliable – needs wind!• Best used in places where

they will often be regarded as unsightly

• Many turbines are needed to produce the same energy of a small thermal power station

• Noise• Danger to wildlife

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Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Geothermal energy

In some volcanic areas hot water and steam rise to the surface. The steam can be tapped and used to drive turbines. This is known as geothermal energy.

Energy changes:

thermal (heat)

to kinetic

to electrical

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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ADVANTAGES • Renewable • No greenhouse gases• No acid rain• No radioactive waste• Short start up time

DISADVANTAGES• Very limited locations• Expensive to build

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Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Solar heatingHeat energy from the Sun is focussed onto pipes containing water. The water boils producing steam. The steam is then used to drive turbines which turn electrical generators.

Energy changes:thermalto kinetic to electrical

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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ADVANTAGES • Renewable • No greenhouse gases• No acid rain• No radioactive waste

DISADVANTAGES• Sunshine needed and so best in desert regions

• Can only be used during the day

• A large amount of land is needed to produce a significant amount of energy

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Solar cells

Electricity produced directly from the Sun’s radiation.

Energy changes:

light

to electrical

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ADVANTAGES • Renewable • No greenhouse gases• No acid rain• No radioactive waste• Instant start up time

DISADVANTAGES• Unreliable in the UK! –

sunshine is needed for solar cells

• Can only be used during the day

• Only 10% of solar energy is converted into electricity by solar cells

• Many cells needed to produce a significant amount of energy

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Nuclear powerNuclear power stations use a certain type of uranium to produce heat energy.

This heat energy is used to produce steam. The steam is then used to drive turbines which turn electrical generators.

Energy changes:nuclearto thermalto kinetic to electrical

uranium fuel rods

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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A nuclear reactor

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Problems with nuclear power stationsNuclear fuel (uranium) does not produce greenhouse gases and it generates 10000 times more energy per kilogram than fossil fuels.

However:

Nuclear waste is radioactive and may have to be stored safely for thousands of years.

Although safe in normal operation, accidents can release radioactive material over a large area. The area around Chernobyl in Ukraine has been closed off since 1986. The destroyed Chernobyl

nuclear reactor

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ADVANTAGES • Concentrated energy source

• Reliable energy source• Can be built anywhere• No greenhouse gases• No acid rain

DISADVANTAGES• Non-renewable• Radioactive waste• Expensive to build• Technology is related to that needed to make atomic bombs

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Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Fossil fuelsFossil fuels include coal, oil and natural gas.

They have been formed in the ground from dead vegetation and tiny creatures by a process that has taken millions of years.

When burnt the heat energy produced is used to produce steam. The steam is then used to drive turbines which turn electrical generators.

Energy changes:thermalto kinetic to electrical

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Coal-fired power stationHany El-Gezawy 2012-2013

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Problems with fossil fuels

Burning coal, gas and oil produces carbon dioxide. This is a greenhouse gas which causes global warming.

Fossil fuel burning can also produce sulfur dioxide gas. This can dissolve in water and produce acid rain which causes damage to forests and buildings. Modern power stations remove most sulfur dioxide producing compounds before burning.

Fossil fuels are not renewable. They are running out. Estimates vary between 50 to 200 years to when we will need to find alternative sources of energy.

An effect of acid rain

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ADVANTAGES • Concentrated energy source

• Reliable energy source• Can be built anywhere• No radioactive waste

DISADVANTAGES• Non-renewable• Produces greenhouse gases and contributes to global warming

• Produces acid rain

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Electricity generation pie-chart

Most of our electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels (74% according to the pie chart opposite)

Nearly 20% is nuclear

Less than 5% is currently generated using renewable sources.

Hany El-Gezawy 2012-2013