REFORMATIONOR

REVOLUTION?

The Protestant Reformation

The Spark

October 31, 1517 – Wittenburg 95 Theses nailed to church door

Response to Church

Final straw: Johann Tetzel’s preaching on indulgences – for $ for St. Peter’s Indulgence: remission of temporal

punishment due to sin --- VALID still today selling invalid!

Fanning the Flames

Pope Leo X – ignores call for council - soLuther goes public writing tracts:

Vs. indulgences Vs. Papal authority over Council Vs. condemnation of Hus Vs. 7 sacraments --- only baptism/communion Vs. transubstantiation Pro married clergy Pro individual interpretation of Scripture Pro sola scriptura Pro justification by faith --- NOT works

Threatened with excommunication --- enter Charles V -- Who???? -- (aka Charles I of Spain)

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (aka Charles I of Spain)

The Habsburg Dynasty

Maximilian I ---------MaryHabsburg(1493-1519) of Burgundy

Philip of Burgundy----------Joanna of

Castille (la

loca)

Charles V (1519-1556)

Philip II (1556-1598)

Ferdinand----Isabellaof Aragon of Castille

Catherine--Henry VIII of Aragon of Eng.

Mary Tudor“Other nations wage war; you, Austria, marry.”

The Flames Leap Up

Threatened with excommunicationRefuses to retract

Condemned & excommunicated by Leo X Exsurge Domine Luther publicly burns the bull!

Charles V – sees need to end heresy Calls Diet of Worms, 1521 Luther says – can’t recant vs. conscience

“God help me! Amen.” Banned from Holy Roman Empire Saxony Elector & others protect him Writes German edition of New Testament

The Reformation Spreads

Luther denies authority sooo can’t others?

Call to German nationalism! Lutheran princes form Schmalkaldic League

vs. Charles V = religious wars in HRE

Back in France --- Francis I (Valois) --- vs. Charles --- b/c he’s sandwiched Sig: Catholic w/Prot vs. Catholic!!!!! fought in Italy--- (oops – 1527 Charles’

mercenaries attack Rome!)

Peace of Augsburg1555

Cuius regio, eius religioWhose the region, his the religion

Applies only to HREWhat is Protestant remains so (N)What is Catholic remains so (S)

But doesn’t mean tolerance!!!!

Part II: ZWINGLI 1484-1531

Hellenist – friend of Erasmus “People’s Priest” in Zurich, Switzerland

Teaching – vs. all authority No Mass – only a memorial Condemned relics, incense, pilgrimages… Iconoclasm: destroyed images + crucifix

Determined to take over Switzerland Dies in battle 1531

ANABAPTISTS: disgruntled Zwinglians

John Calvin 1509-1556

Layman – French, fled to Geneva SYSTEMATIZED PROTESTANT THOUGHT Institutes of the Christian Religion

Teachings: salvation through Scripture alone justification by faith no dancing, cards, drink…

Presbyterian (Reformed) --- Knox PREDESTINATION – Man totally corrupt Huguenots (French) / Puritans (US)

Part III: THE ENGLISH REFORMATION

Not “Lutheran” --- Causes Different

Henry VIII & Catherine of Aragon-1521 “Defender of the Faith” vs. Luther!-Henry wants a son! --- so Anne Boleyn-asks Pope Clement VII for annulment

Yes? – then Julius II wrongNo? - Henry may throw a fit

So???????

The Plot Thickens. . . Clement VII stalls 1529 Henry head “as far as the law of Christ

allows” Thomas More made Lord Chancellor – but resigns!

1533 Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, declares the marriage null!!!

1534 Act of Supremacy 1534 Oath of Supremacy: “the only supreme head

on earth of the Church of England” 1535 Thomas More executed

1539 6 Articles --- “Catholic” except for supremacy

1535-39 Dissolution of monasteries“bare ruined choirs where late the sweet bird sang”

Ireland:::Church driven underground - illegal

I’m Henry the VIII, I am. . .

Catherine of Aragonm.1507?-1533

Children: Mary Tudor

Divorced

Henry the VIII, I am…

Anne Boleyn, m.1533-1536

Children: Elizabeth I

Accused of adultery

BeheadedElizabeth I

… I am …

Jane Seymourm. 1536-1537

Children: Edward VI (ah!)

Dies in childbirth

I’m Henry the VIII, I am. . .

Anne of Clevesm. 1537

“annulled” (i.e.--- divorced)

Henry the VIII, I am. . .

Catherine Howardm. 1540-1542

Accused of adulteryBeheaded!

I’m Henry the VIII, I am. . .

Katherine Parr

m. 1543-1547

Survives!!!

Henry dies!

…back to our storyEdward VI 1547-1553

9 years old – sickly – so Archbishop Thomas Cranmer (Prot) rules

English Church became more Protestant Book of Common Prayer, 1549 (Revised 1553)

42 Articles, 1551 --- repeals 6 Articles Calvinist ideas on the rise / Clergy marry

But then….. 1553 – Edward dies – Who will rule

England???

But then what happened?Mary Tudor (daughter of Catherine)

1553-1558

Marries Philip II of Spain (Charlie’s son)

Tries to bring England back to Rome!

Called “Bloody Mary” for executing Cranmer, Latimer – and 300 other Protestants

Queen Elizabeth I 1558-1603

Diplomacy: middle line between Puritans / Catholic

“Elizabethan Settlement” – outward conformity or fine (or death for Catholics)

Act of Supremacy, 1559

Repealed Pro-Catholic laws

Act of Uniformity, 1559

Modified version of Book of Common Prayer

39 Articles, 1563

Defined the teachings of Anglican Church

Queen Elizabeth I 1558-1603

Challenges: Protestants called Puritans

Duke of Norfolk’s revolt, 1569 – executed

Mary Queen of Scots Accused of plots vs. Eliz. 1567-1587 – executed

Philip II of Spain Spanish Armada, 1588