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A
PRESENTATION
ON
RECYCLE OF
WASTE WATER & WASTEMANAGEMENT
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Why waste recycling
Prevents emissions of greenhouse gasses & waterpollutants
Minimization of pollution
Volume reduction
Sanitation of waste (composting)
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Stabilization of biodegradable compounds
Supplies valuable raw materials to industry
Stimulates development of greener technologies andReduce the need for new land fills and incinerators.
Value addition to the waste
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Development of new water sources
Reduce consumption
Prevention of water resource degradation
Improvement in efficiency of water
consumption
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WATER RECYCLING
GOAL-
IMPROVEMENT OF HEALTH CAPTURING VALUABLE PRODUCTS (NITROGEN &
PHOSPHORUS)
EFFICIENT USE OF WATER
USE
PURIFICATIONRECLAIMATION
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SUGGESTED WATER RECYCLING
TREATMENT AND USES
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CATEGORY OF WASTEWATER REUSE
Grey Water Reuse
Reuse of effluent from wastewater treatmentplants
Reuse of Industrial Process Water
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SOURCES OF GREY WATER
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Outline of Grey Water Reuse
OUTLINE OF GREYWATER REUSE
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OUTLINE OF
SECONDARY
EFFLUENT
REUSE
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REUSE OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESS WATER
BENEFITS-
Potential reduction in production costs from recoveryof raw materials in the wastewater
Less permitting and administrative burden from the
reduction in wastewater toxicity and volume
Heat recovery and reduced impacts from hightemperature effluent to the ecosystem
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APPLICATIONS OF TREATED WATER
AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION
URBAN/RESIDENTIAL RECYCLING
GROUND WATER RECHARGE INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
AQUA-CULTURE
POTABLE WATER
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AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION
Important factors to be considered-
Salinity of water
Water infiltration rate of soil
Evapotranspiration rate
Nutrients
Soil property
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URBAN/RESIDENTIAL RECYCLING
Wastewater can be excellent for municipallandscape watering of gardens or grassed areas.
It contains nutrients essential for plant growth andcan be used in public areas - subject to simple
precautions - as an alternative to discharge intonutrient-sensitive waterways.
Other uses may be for watering of golf courses,racecourses, aerodromes or for dust suppression on
roads and sewer flushing. It could also provide added capacity for emergency
fire fighting.
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INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
Uses of water in Industries-
Processing
Washing
Cooling of facilities (Cooling Tower)
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COOLING
TOWER
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WASHING IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
WASHING RINSE
OIL
SEPARATION
OIL
UF
RO
IE
AC
TREATED
WATER
DETERGENT
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GROUND WATER RECHARGE
Uses -
Reduce,stop or reverse the declining ground
water level,
Protect underground freshwater in coastalaquifers against salt water intrusion from sea,
Store surface water including flood or other
surplus water for future use
S
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IMPORTANT PARAMETERS OF GW RECHARGING
PARAMETERS SURFACE
SPREADING
DIRECT INJECTION
DEPTH TO
GROUND
WATER
Vadose Zone
(unsaturated GW
zone) 3-15 m
Not Applicable
RETENTION
TIME IN
GROUND
6-12 Months
depending on
pretreatment
12 Months
MAX. %RECLAIMED
WW
20-50% On AnnualBasis at Extraction
Well
20% On Annual Basiat Extraction Well
MONITORING Extensive Quite extensive
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Benefits of Ground Water Recharge-
Cost effective storage
Eventual distribution system
Elimination of evaporation loss
Protection from pollution
Prevention of potential taste & odor
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AQUA-CULTURE
Primary treated WW +
High concentration
Nutrients for organisms
Fish-
food
organisms
Fishes
Carp culture should not be done in main stabilisation pond, due to
presence of high BOD. In such cases air-breathing fishes should be
grown there.
Benefits- As the BOD in the waste water is decreased due to aqua culture
it can be discharged into natural water.
To utilise the nutrients enriched water resources for producing
animal protein
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POTABLE WATER
Generally raw sewage contains-BOD- 300 mg/l
COD- 500 mg/l
Organic matter
Heavy metalToxic compounds
Pathogenic bacteria etc.
Treatment of sewage to potable water means removal of harmful
components and decrease of BOD to less than 2 mg/l.Singapore has developed such a treatment process to revivepotable water (RECLAIMED WATER) from secondary effluentof STP.
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Multiple barrier approach for microbial and chemicalcontaminant removal from secondary effluent
REMOVAL
TSS
TURBIDITY
BACTERIA
VIRUS
REMOVAL
COLOR
HARDENESS
SULPHATES
NITRATES
SODIUM
AROMATIC
HYDRO-
CARBON
ENSURE
INACTIVATION
OF ALLORGANISMS
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RECLAIMED WATER FACTORY TREATMENT PROCESS
D i ifi ti / f
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PARAMETER SPECIFIED DESIGN ACTUAL
PH NONE 5.9
TOC REMOVEL(%) >97 >99
AMMONIA REMOVL >90 >94
TDS REMOVE(%) >97 >97
MF FILTER TURBIDITY
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RECLAIMED WATER exceeds the drinking
water standards set by the World Health
Organisation and the United States
Environmental Protection Agency.
The quality and safety of RECLAIMED
WATER had also been endorsed by an
international panel of experts which conductedsome 30,000 comprehensive tests and
analyses.
QUALITY OF RECLAIMED WATER
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IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
Recycled water systems must be well managed
Waste water must be treated to a sufficient standard toensure there are no health and pollution risks
It should be cost effective
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Key factors effecting
on-site waste Managemento Operational practices
o Site factors andwater supply
o Waste collection & disposal options
o Costs & available capital
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Best practice in waste
management
Mi i i ti
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Reducing the production of waste through efficient operational
practices and use of best available technology is a key step inany waste management plan.
Examples
Feed management technology
Use of correctly proportioned feeds to minimise wastage. Optimal feeding practices to prevent unnecessary waste.
Best available technology
Efficient removal of solids from effluent.
By-product extracts through biotechnological techniques.
Water use
Economic use of water at all times.
Minimization
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ReuseReuse of materials for the same or alternative purposes can
result in high reductions in waste output. Local initiatives canpromote the reuse of materials that might otherwise bediscarded.
Examples
Farming materials Reuse of oyster bags and netting.
reutilisation of organic farm wastes.
Recirculation technology
Reuse of water in a culture tank through filtration, skimmingand aeration techniques.
i
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RecyclingRecycling of waste products to serve new purposes is
becoming an increasingly viable option as moreinnovative ideas are developed to utilize wastes. Organicrecycling on site is highly encouraged.
Examples
Organic Recycling
Composting.
Ensiling (two phase method of fermentation: aerobicand anaerobic), Recycling of Protein Oil.
Inorganic Recycling
Bulk feed bags, Metals such as steel & aluminum.
Plastics of all form, Glass of all form.
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Energy RecoveryEnergy recovery methods such as anaerobic digestion, oil
extraction and incineration allow for the extraction of ausable fuel source from aquaculture organic wastes.
Examples
Biofuel An efficient fuel source can be extracted from fish waste with
a high oil content.
Biogas Methane can be extracted from the anaerobicdigestion of organic waste and used as a fuel.
i l
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DisposalDisposal methods isolate wastes from production in such a way
that reuse or retrieval of the waste for the forseeable future is
not considered. Conventional disposal methods have maininvolved landfill dumping.
DrawbacksDisposal represents poor use of materials that could serve
alternative uses. Legislation and environmental pressures
mean disposal of both organic and inorganic waste fromaquaculture is employed only as a last resort. Strict wastemanagement legislation, means that inorganic material is theonly aquaculture waste accept for dumping in most EU states.
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Laws & regulations
On June 30, 2004 EPA finalized a rule establishing
regulations for concentrated aquatic animal production
(CAAP).
Waste management act Regulations for Finfish
Aquaculture Waste Control
underground injection control (UIC) regulations for
Aquaculture Waste Disposal Wells
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External References
1. BBC (2005). Iberian misery as drought bites. Available athttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4086864.stm Accessed 30/09/05
2. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (No date). Drought hydrology andforecasting. Available at
http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/hrr/Droughthydrologyandforecasting.htmlAccessed 30/09/05.
3. Source Correspondent (2005). Planning for Droughts. The Source PublicManagement Journal. Available athttp://www.sourceuk.net/indexf.html?06190Accessed 30/09/05
4. DEFRA (2005). Water Resources. Available athttp://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/resources/ Accessed30/09/05.
5. OFWAT (No date). Home Page. Available at http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/Accessed 30/09/05.
6. Water UK (No date). Home Page. Available at http://www.water.org.uk/
Accessed 30/09/05.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4086864.stmhttp://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/hrr/Droughthydrologyandforecasting.htmlhttp://www.sourceuk.net/indexf.html?06190http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/resources/http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/http://www.water.org.uk/http://www.water.org.uk/http://www.ofwat.gov.uk/http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/resources/http://www.sourceuk.net/indexf.html?06190http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/hrr/Droughthydrologyandforecasting.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4086864.stmhttp://www.who.int/topics/sanitation/en/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation8/2/2019 Recycle of Waste Water & Waste Management
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^http://www.who.int/topics/sanitation/en/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitationhttp://www.who.int/topics/sanitation/en/http://www.who.int/topics/sanitation/en/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation8/2/2019 Recycle of Waste Water & Waste Management
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