Download - Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

Transcript
Page 1: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

Recovered veg oil & animal fatRecovered veg oil & animal fat

- energy use options -

Bernard Rice,Bernard Rice,

Crops Research Centre,Crops Research Centre,

Oak Park, CarlowOak Park, Carlow

Page 2: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

Materials and use optionsMaterials and use options

• Raw materialsRaw materials

– RVO

– SRM tallow

– “Clean” tallow

• Use optionsUse options– BiodieselBiodiesel– Converted Converted

vehiclesvehicles– HeatingHeating– CHPCHP

Page 3: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

1. RVO as biodiesel feedstock1. RVO as biodiesel feedstock

• Much research in Austria and IrelandMuch research in Austria and Ireland

• Commercial uptake in AustriaCommercial uptake in Austria

• Acceptable biodiesel can be produced from Acceptable biodiesel can be produced from RVO with appropriate plantRVO with appropriate plant

• RVO quality concernsRVO quality concerns– Free fatty acids, polymers, saturated fatsFree fatty acids, polymers, saturated fats– Water, solids, oxidation stabilityWater, solids, oxidation stability

Page 4: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

Oil types consumed in Ireland and EUOil types consumed in Ireland and EU

Annual ConsumptionAnnual Consumption EU Ireland Mt/yr % kt/tr %

Soya 1.94 11.4 16.3 11.7Sunflower 2.15 12.6 9.3 6.7Rapeseed 2.68 15.8 28.6 20.5Olive 1.70 10.0 1.9 1.4Palm 2.05 12.1 16.1 11.6Tallow & grease 1.36 8.0 10.7 7.7Other 5.16 30.4 56.4 40.5

Total 17.04Total 17.04 100 139.3 100 139.3 100 100

Page 5: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

Fatty acid profile of Irish RVOFatty acid profile of Irish RVO

Fatty acid

C16:0

C18:0

C18:1

C18:2

C18:3

RVO

4.7–14.5

1.4 – 5.9

52.9–65.8

15.4–20.7

4.1– 8.8

Rape-seed

6.1

2.3

56.0

24.2

6.5

Page 6: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

Composition of RVOComposition of RVO

CountryCountry AustriaAustria IrelandIreland UKUK FranceFrance

FFA (%) 0.78 - 2.64 1.9 - 7.4 2.6- 5.8 <4

Water (%) 0.25 - 2.25 1 - 5 0.3 - 1.8 <1

Sat. FA (%) 8.7 - 16.0 6.6 - 21.4 10.6 - 30.2 29 - 36

Mono (%) 49.2 - 59.8 53.5 - 70.5 48 - 71 45 - 53

Poly (%) 25.7 - 34.0 19.5 - 29.5 18.9 - 28.2 14 - 21

Page 7: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

Quality of Biodiesel produced from RVO

Parameter Austria Ireland Min specmean Range

Viscosity @ 40Viscosity @ 40ooCC 5.115.11 4.864.86 4.5- 4.5- 5.15.1 3.5 - 5.0 3.5 - 5.0

CFPP (CFPP (ooC)C) -6-6 -5.3-5.3 0 to 0 to -14-14 0 to -20 0 to -20

Water (ppm) Water (ppm) 300 300 11001100 700-1900700-1900 <300 <300

Oxid. stability (h)Oxid. stability (h) 1.71.7 > 6 > 6

CCR (100%)CCR (100%) 0.0650.065 .044-.044-.104.104 0.05 0.05

Page 8: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

ConclusionConclusion

• Acceptable biodiesel can be Acceptable biodiesel can be produced from Irish RVO with produced from Irish RVO with suitable plantsuitable plant

• To justify this plant, scale is vitalTo justify this plant, scale is vital

• Intake quality control neededIntake quality control needed– FFA, polymers, saturated fatsFFA, polymers, saturated fats

Page 9: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

2.Recovered veg oil in modified 2.Recovered veg oil in modified enginesengines

• At least one German kit availableAt least one German kit available

• Some experience in IrelandSome experience in Ireland

• Short-term performance OKShort-term performance OK

• More work needed onMore work needed on– oil pre-treatmentoil pre-treatment– oil quality standardoil quality standard

• Not a prospect at presentNot a prospect at present

Page 10: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 20 40 60 80 100

Temperature (degC)

Vis

cos

ity

(cS

t)

Recovered

Virgin

Diesel

Viscosities of recovered and virgin oilsViscosities of recovered and virgin oils

Page 11: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Engine speed (rpm)

Po

we

r (k

W)

Diesel

RVO

Dyna TransporterDyna Transporter

Page 12: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000Engine speed (rpm)

Smok

e de

nsity

(har

trid

ge u

nits

)

RVO no load

RVO full load

Diesel full load

Diesel no load

Page 13: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

3. RVO for heating and CHP3. RVO for heating and CHP

• OK in big burnersOK in big burners– but unlikely to be preferred usebut unlikely to be preferred use

• Small burners e.g. domesticSmall burners e.g. domestic– problems not yet resolvedproblems not yet resolved

• CHP a possibilityCHP a possibility– AER vs. excise remission - balance criticalAER vs. excise remission - balance critical

Page 14: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

4. SRM tallow4. SRM tallow

• Current use - renderers’ boilersCurrent use - renderers’ boilers

• Biodiesel and direct vehicle engine use excludedBiodiesel and direct vehicle engine use excluded

• CHP? Yes, if justified by green electricity priceCHP? Yes, if justified by green electricity price

Page 15: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

4. Non-SRM tallow for biodiesel4. Non-SRM tallow for biodiesel

• ProblemsProblems– High saturated fats High saturated fats

• high melting point biodieselhigh melting point biodiesel

– High free fatty acids High free fatty acids • high processing costshigh processing costs

• Plant design and scale the key factorsPlant design and scale the key factors

Page 16: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

5. Other fuel uses for non-SRM tallowOther fuel uses for non-SRM tallow

• Direct use in loco enginesDirect use in loco engines– German trials in progressGerman trials in progress– Not a short-term prospectNot a short-term prospect

• HeatingHeating– Large-scale OKLarge-scale OK– Problems with small burnersProblems with small burners

• CHPCHP– Depends on green electricity priceDepends on green electricity price

Page 17: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

Fuel uses for oils/fatsFuel uses for oils/fats

Raw materialRaw material ApplicationApplication

RVO Biodiesel

SRM tallow Converted engines

Non-SRM tallow Heating/CHP

Page 18: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

Biodiesel and plant scaleBiodiesel and plant scale

• All biodiesel production requires big scaleAll biodiesel production requires big scale– glycerol refining, quality checks, safety with glycerol refining, quality checks, safety with

methanolmethanol

• High FFA feedstocks require more High FFA feedstocks require more elaborate plantelaborate plant– FFA removal or 2-stage esterificationFFA removal or 2-stage esterification

• Minimum capacity? 20kt/yr?Minimum capacity? 20kt/yr?• Needs RVO + tallow (+ rape-seed oil)Needs RVO + tallow (+ rape-seed oil)

Page 19: Recovered veg oil & animal fat - energy use options -

ConclusionsConclusions

• Biodiesel: RVO, non-SRM tallow and some

rape-seed oil needed to reach viable production

scale.

• CHP: Would need a better green electricity

price.

• Big boilers: OK for SRM tallow, unlikely to be

competitive for the others.