Radical Revolution and Reaction
Ch. 11.2
In Section 2...
• Radical groups and leaders controlled the Revolution.
• The New French Republic faced enemies at home and abroad
Move to RadicalismWhat group is in charge of France?
Paris Commune led by the ....
Sans-Culottes (ordinary working patriots without fine clothes)
wanted revenge on those who helped the King because it threatened the success of the revolution
Thousands massacred (French citizens accused of helping the King killed)
Fate of the King
National Convention began sessions (Sept. 1792)
The people of the NC distrusted King Louis XVI
Sept. 21 à abolished monarchy
-establish French republic
(Nat’l Convention break into factions over fate of the King)
Factions of France
•Girondins – keep the King alive
•Mountain – Kill the King
Jacobine Club
Jan. 21’st, 1793
-Louis XVI executed by
Guillotine
*created enemies within and out of the country
Crisis and Response
Royalty angered throughout Europe
(Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, G.B.)
Committee of Public Safety
-Maximilian Robespierre-formed to protect France from European Royalty who wanted to overthrow the new Gov’t of the Revolution!
The Reign of Terror
Committee of Public Safety is formed to prosecute “internal enemies” of the Republic
*40,000 killed
-16,000 guillotined
-send armies throughout France to restore order
The Republic of Virtue
• No more Mr. r Mrs. (Citizen & Citezeness)
• Women wore Long dresses that resembled Roman dress
• Slavery abolished
• De-Christianization (separation of church and state)
• New calendar established (Sept. 22nd,1792) 1st day of French Republic
A Nation in ArmsThe entire French Nation
goes to war
-Universal Mobilization
France forms the largest army in European History
*Nationalism*-pride in ones own country
(peoples war)
End of the Terror
By the Summer of 1794
France defeats its foreign enemies because of it large army and the success of its mobilization
Robespierre is obsessed with ridding France of all its corrupt elements
- Deputies in government feared Robespierre
*condemned him to guillotined
The DirectoryNew Constitution (1795)- reduces the power of
the CfPS and keeps one group from gaining control of the gov’t.
Establishes a system of checks and balances =
Legislature - elect an upper house & lower house
*elect 5 directors to act as executive (DIRECTORY)
The Directory relies heavily on the military to maintain control
The Coup
• Coup d’etat-sudden overthrow of government
•General Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power
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