Racial Stigma
EC 1370
Prof. Glenn C. Loury
February 4, 2010
Inter-marriage
• Interracial Marriage Signifies Assimilation
• History of anti-miscegenation laws.– Maryland first, 1661– Most states had by late 19th century– 1967: Sup. Ct. outlaws in Loving vs. Virginia
• Inter-marriage will change how we think about race
• Identity choices/dilemmas for children.
Mid-1960s: welfare policy becomes “raced” in media coverage and the American public mind
Correlation: r = .03 (1950-65) r = .68 (1966-96)
Social Capital in a Diverse Society:
Who Bridges? Who Bonds?
Robert D. PutnamHarvard University
Herfindahl index of racial homogeneity
Inte
r-ra
cia
l tru
st
East Bay (CA)
National
Denver
Rural South Dakota
North Minneapolis
MinneapolisRochester
Delaware
Boulder
Boston
Grand Rapids
Seattle
Bismarck
Lewiston (ME)
Silicon Valley
Greensboro
New Hampshire
Cleveland
Fremont (MI)
Indiana
Montana
Yakima
Central Oregon
York (PA)
Winston-Salem
Detroit
San Francisco
San Diego
St. Paul
Los Angeles
Kalamazoo
Rural West Virginia
Houston
East Tennessee
Cincinnati
Chicago
Syracuse
Charlotte
BirminghamBaton Rouge
Atlanta
Phoenix
Herfindahl index of racial homogeneity
Tru
st o
f ow
n e
thn
ic g
rou
p
East Bay (CA)
National
Denver
Rural South Dakota
North Minneapolis
Minneapolis
Rochester
Delaware
Boulder
Boston
Grand Rapids
Seattle
Bismarck
Lewiston (ME)
Silicon Valley Greensboro
New Hampshire
Cleveland
Fremont (MI)
Indiana
Montana
Yakima
Central Oregon
York (PA)
Winston-Salem
Detroit
San Francisco
San Diego
St. Paul
Los Angeles
Kalamazoo
Rural West Virginia
Houston
East TennesseeCincinnati
Chicago
Syracuse
Charlotte
Birmingham
Baton Rouge
Atlanta
Phoenix
Herfindahl index of racial homogeneity
Gin
i in
de
x o
f in
com
e in
eq
ua
lity
East Bay (CA)
National
Denver
Rural South Dakota
North Minneapolis
Minneapolis
Rochester
Delaware
Boulder
Boston
Grand Rapids
Seattle
Bismarck
Lewiston (ME)Silicon Valley
Greensboro
New Hampshire
Cleveland
Fremont (MI)
Indiana
Montana
Yakima
Central Oregon
York (PA)
Winston-Salem
Detroit
San Francisco
San Diego
St. Paul
Los Angeles
Kalamazoo
Rural West VirginiaHouston
East Tennessee
CincinnatiChicago
Syracuse
Charlotte
Birmingham
Baton Rouge
Atlanta
Phoenix
Neighborhood Racial Composition Preferences
Two Paths to Civic Incorporation
Europe (Welfare State Remedies for Social Marginality)• Unemployment/welfare are seen as problems of “social exclusion”• Social-democratic activism incorporate marginal into “mainstream”
versus
United States (A Quasi-Paternalism Governs the Poor)• Social dysfunction, behavioral pathology, and personal
disorganization as the sources of marginality
• “Telling the Poor What to Do” (Help and Hassle) – Directive, supervisory, and punitive policies– Supports to enable preferred behavior (faith-based)
-.5
0.5
Pol
icy
Pop
ulat
ion
Rel
ativ
e to
199
0
1990 1995 2000y ear
Receiv ing Cash Assistance Incarcerated
The American Path Chosen: Change in Numbers Incarcerated and Receiving Cash Aid:1990-2000
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