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Page 1: project report on cellphone tracer

Mobile Scanner

A mini project report

Submitted by

i. Nikhil Hange

ii. Ketan Mahajan

iii. Narendra Belhekar

Submitted in partial fulfillment of term work for the subject

‘ELECTRONIC HARDWARE AND WORKSHOP’

Under the guidance

Mr. Umesh Mahadik

Mrs. Pragati Ukey

MAHATMA GANDHI MISSION’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

KAMOTHE, NEW MUMBAI

DECLARATIONPage - 1

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We hereby declare that the work entitled ‘Mobile Scanner’ is a record of our own work carried out by us during

the academic year 2012 – 2013 under the supervision and guidance of Mrs. Pragati Ukey, Professor,

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, MGM’s College of Engineering and Technology. The

extent and source of information are derived from the existing literature and have been indicated through the

dissertation at the appropriate places. The matter embodied in this work is original and has not been submitted

for the award of any other degree or diploma, either in this or any other University.

Place :Date :

(Signature of the Candidate)

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Certificate

This is to certify that the project entitled ‘Temperature Controlled Fan’ is a bonafide work carried out by Mr.

Ketan Mahajan , Mr. Nikhil Hange and Mr.Narendra Belhekar from the department of Electronics and

Telecommunication (TE) have satisfactorily completed the project report entitled ‘Mobile Scanner’ in partial

fulfillment of the term work for the subject ‘Electronic Hardware and Workshop’ in MGM’s College of

Engineering and Technology, Kamothe during the academic year 2012-2013.

---------------------------- ----------------------- Signature of the Guide Signature of HOD

Place: MGM’s College of Engineering and Technology, Kamothe.

Date:

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Acknowledgement

It adds to our pleasure to acknowledge the people who have helped me while the project was in progress.

First of allwe are thankful to Ms. Pragati, our Project Guide, who helped us in bringing out this project in

present status.

I am grateful to our Head of the Department, PROF. Ms. BHOSALE MAM, for providing us the facility of

excellent lab instruments and relevant accessories.

We are also grateful to our Hon. Principal , whose discipline has created regularity in us, so as to complete the

project within given time.

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Abstract:

Here is a device to locate the mobile phone. It emits intermittent flashes and beeps to indicate the presence of

an active mobile phone. The circuit becomes active even if the mobile phone is in silent mode. It can be used to

detect mobile phone call in noisy environments. Range of the circuit is 15 cm

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KEYWORDS:

1. IC 40172. Tank circuit3. Rx Antenna

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Contents: Page

1. Introduction…………………………… 82. Circuit details …………………………. 9

i. Circuit diagram……................ 9ii. List of components…………. 10

iii. Simulation…………………… 16iv. Implementation…………….. 17

3. Advantages …………………………... 184. Applications …………………………. 195. Result ………………………………... 206. Conclusion …………………………... 217. Future scope………………………….. 22 8. References …………………………...... 239. List of Figures

a. Circuit Diagram of Mobile Scanner… 9

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Introduction:

. The circuit is basically an RF detector. During the activation of mobile phone, strong RF

field will be generated. The sensor coil L detects the RF signals and T1 amplifies the signals. The amplified

signals are given to the clock input of IC1. CD 4017 is a Johnson decade counter IC with 10 outputs. Its clock

input pin 14 is highly sensitive to RF pulses so that it is a very good choice for RF detection. Only two outputs

(Q1 andQ2) of the IC are used while the Q3output is tied to the reset pin 15 so that IC will reset on every third

pulse.

Circuit detailsPage - 8

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Circuit Diagram:

Fig. a Mobile Scanner Circuit Diagram

List of components

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R2-2.7K 1/4W Resistor

R1-120K 1/4W Resistors

L-10mH Inductor

C-0.1µF 63V Polyester Capacitor

T1-BC549 NPN Transistor

D1-LED 5v

5v Piezo-buzzer

CD4017-Johnson Decade Counter

9v Battery

Antenna

Component description:

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INDUCTOR:

An inductor (also choke, coil or reactor) is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its

magnetic field. For comparison, a capacitor stores energy in an electric field, and a resistor does not store

energy but rather dissipates energy as heat.

Any conductor has inductance. An inductor is typically made of a wire or other conductor wound into a coil, to

increase the magnetic field.

When the current flowing through an inductor changes, creating a time-varying magnetic field inside the coil, a

voltage is induced, according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which by Lenz's law opposes the

change in current that created it. Inductors are one of the basic components used in electronics where current

and voltage change with time, due to the ability of inductors to delay and reshape alternating currents

Capacitors:

A capacitor (originally known as condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to

store energy in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least

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two electrical conductors separated by a dielectric(insulator); for example, one common construction consists of

metal foils separated by a thin layer of insulating film. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical

circuits in many common electrical devices.

When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the conductors, a static electric field develops across the

dielectric, causing positive charge to collect on one plate and negative charge on the other plate. Energy is

stored in the electrostatic field. An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, capacitance,

measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between

them.

Resistors:

Resistors are the most commonly used component in electronics and their purpose is to create specified values

of  current and voltage in a circuit. A number of different resistors are shown in the photos. (The resistors are

on millimeter paper, with 1cm spacing to give some idea of the dimensions).  Photo Resistors with power

dissipation below 5 watt (most commonly used types) are cylindrical in shape, with a wire protruding from each

end for connecting to a circuit. Resistors with power dissipation above 5 watt are shown below

LED:

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are

increasingly used for other lighting. Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red

light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.Page - 12

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When a light-emitting diode is forward-biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device,

releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the

energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and

integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern. LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light

sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching.

LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more precise current and heat management than

compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.

Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive lighting, advertising, general lighting, and

traffic signals. LEDs have allowed new text, video displays, and sensors to be developed, while their high switching rates are also

useful in advanced communications technology. Infrared LEDs are also used in the remote control units of many commercial

products including televisions, DVD players, and other domestic appliances.

Transistor:

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals. It is made of a solid piece of semiconductor

material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's

terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. A B ipolar transistor has terminals labeled base,

collector, and emitter. A small current at the base terminal (that is, flowing from the base to the emitter) can control or switch a much

larger current between the collector and emitter terminals. Here we are using two types of transistors PNP and NPN.

NPN

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NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors, in which the letters "N" and "P" refer to the majority charge carriers inside

the different regions of the transistor.

 Bipolar transistors used today are NPN, because electron mobility is higher than hole mobility in semiconductors, allowing

greater currents and faster operation.NPN transistors consist of a layer of P-doped semiconductor (the "base") between two N-

doped layers. A small current entering the base in common-emitter mode is amplified in the collector output. In other terms, an

NPN transistor is "on" when its base is pulled high relative to the emitter. The arrow in the NPN transistor symbol is on the emitter

leg and points in the direction of the conventional current flow when the device is in forward active mode.

PNP

The other type of BJT is the PNP with the letters "P" and "N" referring to the majority charge carriers inside the different regions of

the transistor.PNP transistors consist of a layer of N-doped semiconductor between two layers of P-doped material. A small current

leaving the base in common-emitter mode is amplified in the collector output. In other terms, a PNP transistor is "on" when its base

is pulled low relative to the emitter. The arrow in the PNP transistor symbol is on the emitter leg and points in the direction of the

conventional current flow when the device is in forward active mode.

ANTENNA:

An antenna (or aerial) is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It

is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an

oscillating radio frequency electric current to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from

the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an

electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be

amplified.

Antennas are essential components of all equipment that uses radio. They are used in systems such as radio

broadcasting, broadcast television, two-way radio, communications receivers, radar, cell phones, and satellite

communications, as well as other devices such as garage door openers, wireless microphones, bluetooth

enabled devices, wireless computer networks, baby monitors, and RFID tags on merchandise.

Typically an antenna consists of an arrangement of metallic conductors ("elements"), electrically connected

(often through a transmission line) to the receiver or transmitter. An oscillating current of electrons forced

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through the antenna by a transmitter will create an oscillating magnetic field around the antenna elements,

while the charge of the electrons also creates an oscillating electric field along the elements. These time-varying

fields, when created in the proper proportions, radiate away from the antenna into space as a moving transverse

electromagnetic field wave. Conversely, during reception, the oscillating electric and magnetic fields of an

incoming radio wave exert force on the electrons in the antenna elements, causing them to move back and forth,

creating oscillating currents in the antenna.

DECADE COUNTER:

A decade counter is one that counts in decimal digits, rather than binary. A decade counter may have each digit

binary encoded (that is, it may count in binary-coded decimal, as the 7490 integrated circuit did) or other binary

encodings (such as the bi-quinary encoding of the 7490 integrated circuit). Alternatively, it may have a "fully

decoded" or one-hot output code in which each output goes high in turn (the 4017 is such a circuit). The latter

type of circuit finds applications in multiplexers and demultiplexers, or wherever a scanning type of behavior is

useful. Similar counters with different numbers of outputs are also common.

BUZZER:

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric.

Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a

mouse click or keystroke.

Simulation:

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The circuit is basically an RF detector. During the activation of mobile phone, strong RF field will be

generated. The sensor coil L detects the RF signals and T1 amplifies the signals. The amplified signals are

given to the clock input of IC1. CD 4017 is a Johnson decade counter IC with 10 outputs. Its clock input pin

14 is highly sensitive to RF pulses so that it is a very good choice for RF detection. Only two outputs (Q1

andQ2) of the IC are used while the Q3output is tied to the reset pin 15 so that IC will reset on every third

pulse.

This will repeat the activation of LED and Buzzer. When the sensor detects the RF signal, clock input of IC1

gets pulses and its output pins 2 and 4 becomes high and low alternately giving flashing lights and beeps. The

coil used in the circuit is a ready made inductor.Buzzer used is a small piezo buzzer

Implementation:

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This circuit uses LC circuit as the tuning circuit i.e. it selects the desired frequency components. This circuit is

designed in such a way that the LED starts blinking as soon as circuit detects any cell-phone with in its range

and it is also get indicated by buzzer.

Advantages:

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Circuit is simpler in design. The use of bulky network can be avoided. It can be operated on low voltage supply.. Cell-phone location can be easily tracked down. Less maintenance. Easily repairable. Since there is no complex circuitry setup involved. Portable.

Disadvantages: Short Range. Low Sensitivity. Not so Precise. Circuit gets affected due to other frequencies of same range.

Applications:

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We can use this circuit in any cell-phone restricted zone. We can use it to detect mobile phone location.

At some places like seminar hall.

In cyber-crime or police department.

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Result:

Mobile Scanner Circuit was setup and connected to 9 volts DC battery and obtained the required output when it is near to mobile phones. The circuit was found to be working as the LED blinks n Buzzer beeps when it is subjected to HF generated by cell-phones.

Conclusion:

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This circuit is found to be more portable than a regular circuit used for tracking purposes. Since power consumption can be minimized to a greater extent. Even though it is simple this has a significant role to play in the development of technology. Every small step is significant in the path of success. Our project though simple is significant in the current status of our country facing illegal mobile business.

Future scope:

The circuit can be expanded so as to cover large area and to detect exact location and complete details of cell-phone. So this circuit will be really helpful in tracking purposes. It will be useful in Defense And Protection services.

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References:

http://www.extremecircuits.net/  http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/   http://www.electronics-lab.com/

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Electronic Circuits: James W. Nilsson Susan Riedel

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