Project Quality Management (PMI PMBOK® Knowledge Area)
Contents
Project Quality Management overview
Control Quality
Perform Quality Assurance
Few Concepts from PMI PMBOK®, 5th Edition
Plan Quality Management
Sample Questions
Learning Objectives
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®, 5th Edition
What is the Project Management?
Project Quality Management
PMBOK Knowledge Area
PQM Processes
Plan Quality Mgmt
Perform Quality Assurance
Control Quality
PMP Sample Questions
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®
Project Management Institute (PMI ) is the world’s largest not-for-
profit membership association for the project management profession.
PMI professional resources and research empower more than 700,000
members, credential holders and volunteers in nearly every country in
the world .
http://www.pmi.org/About-Us/About-Us-What-is-PMI.aspx
What is PMI®?
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®
What is PMBOK® Guide?
Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK®)
This standard provide a foundation
for project management knowledge
and represent the four areas of the
profession: project, program,
portfolio and the organizational
approach to project management.
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create unique product,
service or result.
Temporary: a definite beginning and end
Project end is reached when;
Project objectives are achieved
When it is clear that objectives can not be met
Need of the project does not exist
Temporary – applicable to project, not to product or result produced by
project
Unique: each project has distinguishing characteristics from other
What is a Project?
All definitions are taken from PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®), 5th Edition
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®
VS
Project vs Operation
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®
Question 01: All of the following are characteristics of a project EXCEPT:
A. Temporary
B. Definite beginning and end
C. Interrelated activities
D. Repeats itself every month
Answer: D
Sample Question?
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®
A portfolio refers to a collection
of projects, programs, sub-
portfolios, and operations
managed as a group to achieve
strategic objectives.
Portfolio, Program and Project?
All definitions are taken from PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®), 5th Edition
Programs are grouped within a portfolio and are comprised of subprograms,
projects or other works that are managed in a coordinated fashion in support
of the portfolio.
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®
Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and
techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements.
Appropriate application and integration of project management
processes
Five Process Groups
What is Project Management?
All definitions are taken from PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®), 5th Edition
PMBOK®, 5th Edition, Page 50
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®
Five Process Groups?
PMI, A guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®), 5th Edition
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®
What is Project Management?
Balancing the project competing constraints;
Scope Cost Schedule
Quality Resources Risk
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®
Project Management Process
Group Mapping
Reproduced in reference to Table 3.1, PMI, A guide to Project
Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®), 5th Edition ,
page 61
Concepts from PMI PMBOK®
Project Quality Management
Direction & Control with regard to quality includes
establishment of;
Quality policy
Quality objectives
Quality planning
Quality assurance
Quality control
ISO 9001:2008 is the applicable standard for Quality Management System
What is Quality Management?
Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization
with regard to Quality (ISO 9000:2005 – Clause 3.2.8)
Project Quality Management
The Handy Guide to
Quality
Project Quality Management
It includes the processes and activities that determine quality policies,
objectives and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy the needs
for which it was undertaken.
What is Project Quality Management?
Project quality management works to
ensure that the project requirements,
including product requirements, are met
and validated.
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, page 227, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Project quality management uses policies and procedures, to
implement, within the project’s context, the organization’s QMS.
The basic approach to project quality management as described in
PMI PMBOK®, is intended to be compatible with International
Organization of Standardization (ISO).
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Project Quality Management
PQM – Few concepts
Quality vs Grade?
LCD TV or Good old CRT TV
PQM – Few concepts
Quality vs Grade?
LCD TV or Smart 3D LED TV
Quality and grade are not the same concept.
Quality:
The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill
requirements (ISO 9000:2005)
Grade:
A category assigned to deliverables having the same
functional use but different technical characteristics
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Quality vs Grade?
PQM – Few concepts
PQM – Few concepts
Accuracy vs Precision?
Assume you are firing “05” shots
PQM – Few concepts
Accuracy vs Precision?
Precise but not Accurate
PQM – Few concepts
Accuracy vs Precision?
Accurate but not Precise
Precision:
is the measure of exactness
Accuracy:
is an assessment of correctness
Project management team should determine the appropriate levels of
accuracy and precision.
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Accuracy vs Precision?
PQM – Few concepts
Project Management Process
Group Mapping
Reproduced in reference to Table 3.1, PMI, A guide to Project
Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®), 5th Edition ,
page 61
Project Quality Management
Project Quality Management
PQM Overview
Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring &
Controlling Closing
Project Quality
Mgmt Plan Quality
Mgmt
Perform Quality
Assurance
Control
Quality
Project Quality Management
PQM Overview
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Project Quality Management
PQM Overview
Project Quality Management
PQM Overview
Plan Quality
Management
Perform Quality
Assurance Control Quality
Process Group
Planning Executing Monitoring and
controlling
High level description of what each process focus on
• What is quality?
• How will we ensure it?
• Are we following the
procedures and
processes as planned?
• Are the procedures and
processes giving the
intended results?
• Are the results of our
work meeting the
standards?
Quality audits are an important part of quality management because?
A. They allow for quantification of the risk
B. They randomly audit product results to see if they are
meeting quality standards
C. They check to see if the quality process is being followed
D. They are conducted without prior notice and do not allow
team members time to cover up defects
Answer: C
Question:
Project Quality Management
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
Plan Quality Management
Plan quality management is the process of identifying quality
requirements and/or standards for the project and the deliverables
and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with
relevant quality requirements.
Key benefit: it provides guidance and direction on how quality will be
managed and validated throughout the project.
Quality planning should be done in parallel with the other planning processes
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Plan Quality Management
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
Plan Quality Management - ITTOs
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
Plan Quality Management - ITTOs
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
Plan Quality Management – Data flow Diagram
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
8.1
Plan Quality
Management
4.2
Develop Project
Mgmt Plan
Enterprise
/Organization
5.2
Collect
requirements
13.1
Identify
Stakeholders
11.2
Identify risks
8.2
Perform Quality
assurance
8.3
Control
Quality
11.2
Identify risks
Project
documents
Project Quality Management
• Risk Register
• Requirements documentation
• Stakeholder Register
• Project Mgmt Plan • Project
documents update
• Quality Mgmt Plan
• Enterprise Environmental factors
• Organizational Process Assets
• Process Improvement Plan
• Quality checklists • Quality Mgmt
Plan • Quality
metrics
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
Plan Quality includes all of the following outputs EXCEPT:
A. Quality Management Plan
B. Accepted deliverables
C. Operational definitions
D. Checklists
Answer: B
Question:
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
Project Management Plan
Stakeholder register
Risk register
Requirements documentation
Enterprise environmental factors
Organizational process assets
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Plan Quality Management - Inputs
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
Figure 4-5: Develop Project Management Plan Data Flow Diagram
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
1 Project Management Plan
Important Plans
Scope baseline
Schedule baseline
Cost baseline
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
2 Stakeholder Register
Identify
stakeholders
possessing a
particular interest
in, or having an
impact on, quality
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
3 Risk Register
Risk register contains information
on threats and opportunities that
may impact quality requirements
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
4 Requirements documentation
Captures the requirements
that the project shall meet
The components of the
requirements
documentation include
project (and product)
quality requirement as
well.
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
5 Enterprise Environmental Factors
Government agency regulations
Rules, Standards and guidelines
Working or operating conditions
6 Organizational Process Assets
Organizational quality policy,
procedures, guidelines
Historical database
Lesson learned from previous projects
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
Cost benefit analysis
Cost of quality
Seven basic quality tools
Benchmarking
Design of experiments
Statistical sampling
Additional quality planning tools
Meetings
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Plan Quality Management – Tools & Techniques
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
Cost of quality:
Cost of Conformance
Cost of Nonconformance
Seven basic quality tools
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Plan Quality Management – Tools & Techniques
Cause and effect diagram Checksheet
Pareto diagram Control Chart
Scatter diagram Histogram
Flowchart
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
Seven basic quality tools
Plan Quality Management – Tools & Techniques
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
Seven basic quality tools
Plan Quality Management – Tools & Techniques
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
1. Quality Management Plan
2. Process Improvement Plan
3. Quality Metrics
4. Quality Checklists
5. Project Documents Updates
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Plan Quality Management - Outputs
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
1 Plan Quality Mgmt Output – Quality Management Plan
How the organization’s quality policies will be implemented?
How the project management team plans to meet the quality
requirements
Quality management plan – Formal or Informal, Detailed or broadly
framed
Component of the Project Management Plan
For Sample PQP
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
2 Plan Quality Mgmt Output – Process Improvement Plan
Analysis & improvement of project processes
How quality activities will be streamlined and
improved
3 Plan Quality Mgmt Output – Quality Metrics
Specifically describe a project or product
attribute and how the control quality process
will measure it.
These are used in “perform quality assurance”
and “control quality” processes.
Quality Metrics
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
4 Plan Quality Mgmt Output – Quality Checklists
A structured tool, usually component specific, used to verify that a set
of required steps has been performed.
Checklists may be simple or complex
5 Plan Quality Mgmt Output – Project Documents Updates
Stakeholder register
Responsibility assignment matrix
Quality Checklists
PQM - Plan Quality Mgmt
All of the following are true quality statements EXCEPT:
A. Quality improvement depends upon better definition and
increased awareness of the requirements/specifications
B. Project quality management must address both
management of the project and the product of the project
C. Recognition of key actions required of each team member is
necessary to meet quality objectives
D. Computer-aided design systems can improve quality but only
at the expense of an increase in the cost of design
Answer: D
Question:
Project Quality Management
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Plan Quality process?
A. Benchmarking
B. Audits
C. Cost benefit analysis
D. Design of experiments
Answer: B
Question:
Project Quality Management
A project manager wants to perform a code review, but over two million
lines of code have already been written for this project, and more are
being produced every day. Rather than reviewing each line of code, the
manager should consider:
A. Automated testing tools
B. Trend analysis
C. Statistical sampling
D. Regression analysis
Answer: C
Question:
Project Quality Management
Perform Quality Assurance
Perform Quality Assurance
Perform Quality Assurance - ITTOs
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality
control measurements
Facilitates the improvement of quality processes
Perform Quality Assurance
Perform Quality Assurance – Data flow Diagram
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
8.2
Perform Quality
Assurance
Enterprise
/Organization
Project
Documents
8.1
Plan Quality
Management
8.3
Control
Quality
4.5
Perform
Integrated
Change Control
Project
documents
Project Quality Management
• Project documents
• Project Mgmt Plan update
• Change requests
• Quality Mgmt Plan
• Process Impr. Plan
• Quality metrics
• Organizational process asset updates
4.2
Develop Project
Mgmt Plan
• Project documents update
• Quality control measurements
Perform Quality Assurance
A customer is concerned that the quality process is not being followed as
laid out in the quality management plan. The best way to see if this claim
is accurate is:
A. Random sampling
B. Kaizen
C. Personally participate in the quality inspections
D. Audits
Answer: D
Question:
Perform Quality Assurance
Quality Management Plan
Process Improvement Plan
Quality metrics
Quality control measurements
Project documents
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Perform Quality Assurance - Inputs
Perform Quality Assurance
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
1 Quality Management Plan
Describes the quality assurance approach for the project
Perform Quality Assurance
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
2 Process Improvement Plan
QA activities should be supportive of and consistent with the performing
organization’s process improvement plans
3 Quality Metrics
Provides the attributes that should be measured and the allowable
variations
Quality Metrics
Perform Quality Assurance
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
4 Quality Control Measurements
QC activities feedback to QA for use in re-evaluating the quality
standards
5 Project documents
Project documents should be
monitored as they may influence
QA work
Perform Quality Assurance
Quality Management and Control tools
Quality Audits
Process Analysis
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Perform Quality Assurance – Tools & Techniques
Perform Quality Assurance
Same tools and techniques of the Plan Quality Management and
Control Quality processes
Other tools that can be utilized are:
Affinity Diagram
Tree Diagram
Matrix diagrams
Prioritization matrices
Activity network diagram
Interrelationship digraphs
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
1 Quality Management and Control tools
Perform Quality Assurance
A grouping technique that
does not involve
quantitative ranking
A brainstorming method to
gather ideas
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
a Affinity Diagram
Perform Quality Assurance
Useful as decision tree
Parent to child relationships
To identify the tasks needed
to solve a problem and reach
a goal
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
b Tree Diagram
Perform Quality Assurance
A structured, independent process to determine if project activities
comply with organizational and project policies and procedures.
Quality audits may be scheduled or random.
May be conducted by internal or external auditors.
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
2 Quality Audits
Quality Audits
Perform Quality Assurance
To be done as per Process Improvement Plan
To examine problems experienced, constraints, non-value added
activities
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
3 Process Analysis
Process Analysis
Perform Quality Assurance
1. Change requests
2. Project management plan updates
3. Project documents updates
4. Organizational process assets updates
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Perform Quality Assurance - Outputs
Perform Quality Assurance
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
1 Change Requests
Used to take corrective action, preventive action or to perform defect
repair
Perform Quality Assurance
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
2 Project Mgmt Plan Updates
Updates to:
Quality Management Plan
Scope Management Plan
Schedule Management Plan
Cost Management Plan
3 Project Documents Updates
Updates to:
Quality audit reports
Training plans
Perform Quality Assurance
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
4 Organizational Process Assets Updates
Updates to:
Organization’s quality management system
Perform Quality Assurance
A customer is concerned that the quality process is not being followed as You are in charge
of managing a software development project which is related to simulations for driving
racing cars. In one of your team meetings - it has been reported that a lot of issues have
been reported in the air tunnel modeling module. On deeper analysis - it is found that many
of the issues could have been prevented, if a simple code review checklist been used. You
prepare a code review checklist and ensure the code is reviewed as per the checklist. This is a
good example of :
A. Corrective Action
B. Defect Repair
C. Preventive Action
D. Quality Control
Answer: A
Question:
Project Quality Management
Project Quality Management
Perform Quality Assurance
Control Quality
Control Quality - ITTOs
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
PQM – Control Quality
Assessing project results for compliance with quality standards
Identifying root causes of quality defects
Control Quality – Data flow Diagram
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
8.3
Control
Quality
4.2
Develop Project
Mgmt Plan
Enterprise
/Organization
4.3 Direct & Manage
Project Work
8.2
Perform Quality
assurance
8.1
Plan
Quality
Management
4.5 Perform
Integrated Change
Control
Project
documents Project Quality Management
• Approved Change Requests
•Deliverables •Work Performance Data
• Project Mgmt Plan
• Project documents update
• Project Mgmt Plan updates
• Organizational Process Assets
• Quality Control Measures
• Change requests
4.2
Develop Project
Mgmt Plan
4.4 Monitor & Control
Project work
5.5
Validate Scope
Enterprise
/Organization
4.5 Perform
Integrated Change
Control
Project
documents
• Project documents
•Quality metrics •Quality checklists
• Validated changes
• Work performance information
• Organizational Process Assets updates
• Validated deliverables
PQM – Control Quality
Reduced quality on a project would MOST likely lead to which of the
following:
A. Rework and increased cost risk
B. Increased inspections and decreased cost
C. Absenteeism and decreased cost
D. Reduced quality limits
Answer: A
Question:
PQM – Control Quality
In the process of managing a construction project, you discover a very
serious defect in the way one particular section has been built. Your
engineers analyze the section of the building and decide that the problem
is actually relatively minor. In which process are you involved?
A. Plan Quality
B. Perform Quality Assurance
C. Perform Quality Control
D. Project Quality Management
Answer: C
Question:
PQM – Control Quality
Project Management Plan
Quality metrics
Quality checklists
Work performance data
Approved Change Requests
Deliverables
Project Documents
Organizational Process Assets
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Control Quality - Inputs
PQM – Control Quality
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
1 Project Management Plan
Quality management plan – a component of Project management plan
Describe how quality control will be performed
2 Quality Metrics
Describe a project or product attribute and how it will be measured
Examples are failure rate, test coverage etc
3 Quality Checklists
Help to verify that the work of the
projects and its deliverables fulfill a set of
requirements
PQM – Control Quality
Quality Metrics
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
4 Work Performance data
Information on status of project activities
Deliverables completed, Quality requirements met etc.
5 Approved Change Requests
Change requests may include modifications such as defect repairs,
revised work methods etc.
6 Deliverables
Any unique and verifiable product, result of capability
PQM – Control Quality
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
7 Project documents
Agreements
Corrective action log
8 Organizational Process Assets
Organization’s quality policy
Standard work guidelines
Issue and defect reporting procedures
PQM – Control Quality
Seven Basic Quality Tools
Statistical Sampling
Inspection
Approved change request review
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Control Quality – Tools & Techniques
PQM – Control Quality
Examination of a work product to determine if it conforms to
documented standards
Inspections also used to validate defect repairs
Control Quality – Inspection
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
PQM – Control Quality
1. Quality Control Measurements
2. Validated Changes
3. Verified Deliverables
4. Works Performance Information
5. Change Requests
6. Project management plan updates
7. Project documents updates
8. Organizational process assets updates
(Project Quality Management, Chapter 8, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
Control Quality - Outputs
PQM – Control Quality
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
1 Quality Control Measurements
Documented results of control quality activities
Format for documenting these results – outline during “Plan Quality”
2 Validated Changes
Changed or repaired items are inspected for acceptance or rejection
3 Verified deliverables
To determine the correctness of deliverables
Inputs to “Validate Scope” for formalized
acceptance
PQM – Control Quality
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
4 Work Performance Information
Performance data collected from various controlling processes
Examples include causes for rejection, rework required etc
5 Change Requests
For corrective actions or preventive actions or a defect repair
6 Project Management Plan Updates
Quality Management Plan
Process Improvement Plan
PQM – Control Quality
(Project Quality Management, PMI PMBOK ®, 5th Edition)
7 Project Documents Updates
Quality Standards
Quality audit reports
Agreements
Training plans
8 Organizational Process Assets Updates
Completed checklists
Lesson Learned documentation
PQM – Control Quality
Project Quality Management
Quality Myths PMP Concept
Quality is the responsibility of
QA&QC department.
Project Management Team has
responsibilities relating to quality.
Quality is expensive. Quality leads to lower costs (reworks,
failures)
Inspection is the key to quality.
Inspection is too late. Workers should
produce defect-free goods, right at first time
(Prevention over inspection)
Defects are caused by workers. Most defects are caused by the system
(Project success factors research)
Rewarding the best performers and
punishing the worst will lead to
greater productivity and creativity
Most variation is caused by the systems that
judge, punish, destroy teamwork.
Project Quality Management
You are responsible for managing a project that deals with laying out a freeway connecting
two major port cities. Progress on the project has been smooth and you and your team are
very confident on completing the project well within the stipulated timelines. On reviewing
you see that the project has also run below the budget resulting in savings. You decide to
add an extra feature of reflector strips on the road every mile. You do a quick calculation
and are satisfied that neither budget nor schedule will slip. You feel that by adding these
extra features you could also bag some future projects as well. This is an example of
A. Scope Creep
B. Gold Plating
C. Fast Tracking
D. Integrated Change Control
Answer: B
Question:
Project Quality Management
The project quality management process must:
A. Address the quality of management and product
B. Improve the project management and quality of the product
C. Ensure that the project satisfies customer requirement
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Question:
Project Quality Management