PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR
DISSERTATION
DISSERTATION PROPOSAL
“A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING ALLERGIC ASTHMA AND ITS PREVENTION
AMONG SAWMILL WORKERS IN SELECTED SAWMILL
CENTERS IN TUMKUR.”
SUBMITTED BY
MISS, LAKSHMI.R
1 Y’r MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING,
SHRIDEVI COLLEGE OF NURSING,
TUMKUR - 572106
1
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.
SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF
SUBJECTS FOR DESSERTATION
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
AND ADDRESS
MISS, LAKSHMI.R
SHRIDEVI COLLEGE OF NURSING,
SIRA ROAD,
TUMKUR. - 572106
2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTE SHRIDEVI COLLEGE OF NURSING,
TUMKUR
3 COURSE OF STUDY AND
SUBJECT
Ist YEAR MSc NURSING
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
4 DATE OF ADMISSION TO
COURSE
1/07/2011
5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC
“A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED
TEACHING PROGAMME ON
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ALLERGIC
ASTHMA AND ITS PREVENTION
AMONG SAWMILL WORKERS IN
SELLECTED SAWMILL CENTERS IN
TUMKUR.”
2
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENTED WOR
INTRODUCTION“So many people spend their Health gaining Wealth, and then have to spend their
Wealth to regain their Health” – A J Rebmateri Quotes.
Wood is one of the most important renewable resources in the world. Wood is
The hard fibrous substance composing most of the stem and branches of a tree Or
shrub, and covered by the bark. The inner core of the wood is called Heartwood and
the outer layers are called sapwood. Wood dust become a potential health problem
when wood particles from processes such as sanding, cutting, drilling, sawing or
turning to sap wood become airborne, the total amount of airborne dust produced
depends only on the total mass of wood removed, and not the type of wood.19
Allergic and non allergic respiratory symptoms and cancers when they get deposited
in nose throat and other airways. Occupational exposure to wood dust may results
health hazards.22
The word asthma is derived from the Greek word “aazien” meaning difficulty
in breathing. According to report of National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
[NHLBI] of USA, Asthma is defined as a, chronic lung disease characterized by2
- Airway obstruction that is reversible
- Airway inflammation
- Airway hyperactivity to a variety of stimuli.
It is a disease characterized by increasing responsiveness of trachea and
bronchi to the varies stimuli, and is manifested by widespread narrowing of the
airway passage that changes in severity.4 The symptom of asthma includes recurrent
attacks of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. An asthma
3
attack sudden worsening of asthma symptoms causes by tightening of muscles around
the airways. During the asthma attack, the lining of the airways become swollen or
inflamed and thicker mucus-more than normal is produced. All these factors-
inflammation, bronchospasm, and mucus production causing symptoms of an asthma
attack, such as difficulty breathing. Wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath and
difficulty performing normal daily activities.22
An association between fresh wood dust exposure and asthma, asthma
symptoms, coughing, bronchitis, and acute and chronic impairment of lung function.
In addition an association between fresh wood dust exposure and Rhino-
conjunctivitis was seen across studies. A part from plicatic acid in western red cedar
wood, no causal agents was consistently disclosed. Type 1 allergy is not suspected of
being a major cause of wood dust induced asthma. Concurrent exposure to micro
organisms and terpenses probably add to the inherent risk of wood dust exposure in
the fresh wood industry. 13
Epidemiological studies in English language journals with an internals with an
internal or external control group describing relationships between dry wood dust
exposure and respiratory disease or symptoms. Papers took into consideration
smoking and when dealing with lung function age. Asthma symptoms Coughing,
Bronchitis acute and chronic impairment of lung function. In addition, an association
between wood dust exposure and rhino-conjunctivitis is seen. Apart from plicatic acid
in western red cedar wood; no causal agent has consistently been disclosed. Type 1
allergy is not suspected to be a major cause of wood dust includes asthma.3
Occupational exposure to wood dust has been shown to cause several respiratory
disorders, such as allergic rhinitis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, Sino-nasal adino
4
carcinoma, and impairment of lung function. Occupational wood dust exposure can
induce allergy and may be one cause of respiratory health problems among wood
workers.23
In Poland, manufacturing process in which hard wood dust is discharged, are
considered as carcinogenic. numerous studies have shown that occupational exposure
to wood dust is strongly associated with the development of cancer of nasal cavity
and paranasal sinus [NSC], but data regarding the development of lung cancer are
conflicting and inconclusive.23 Occupational and Environmental lung disease are one
of major problems of clinical medicine. Several occupations are associated with
adverse health effects, and the lung is one of the parts of the body most vulnerable to
airborne hazards. Exposure to gas, fume, and dust can lead to occupational disease.22
Occupational asthma is an important industrial disease because it is not
uncommon, is disabling and is costly at both individual and societal levels. Primary
prevention efforts should be concentrated on exposure reduction through improved
dust controls accompanied by intense educational programmers with in at risk
workforces. Employment screening measures are doubtful ethical and legally, and are
highly inefficient. Secondary prevention is almost certainly useful in reducing the
impact of the disease, but current methods require considerable refinement.25
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY
5
“So many people spend their Health gaining wealth, and then have to spend their
Wealth to regain their Health”.
Asthma usually results from allergies to certain substances in environment. Its
main symptoms are coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing, and tightness in the
chest. Asthma also accompanied by symptoms of rhinitis, and conjunctives. Caused
by exposure to allergic or irritant substances found in the learning or wood
environment; or aggravated in somebody who is already asthmatic by these irritant
substances or physical factors (ex: - extreme ambient temperatures). In both cases
sources of dust that irritates or sensitizes the respiratory disease that causes
inflammation of the mucosa membranes in the nose, stuffy nose, running nose and
sneezing.
The N95 filtering half- face piece respirator is recommended is to protect
against dust. Use other respirators, depending on the intensity of the exposure, the
nature of task and the degree of efforts. All respirators have a protection (PF) that
indicates how effective they are and that reflects the theoretical concentration of the
contaminant in the environment compare to the mask. So, a factor of 10 indicates that
the concentration inside the respirator is 10 times less than that in the learning or
work environment. 17
There has been no community-based epidemiological study on the relation
of occupational exposures with asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in Turkey. Examined the
relationship between occupational exposures and adult-onset asthma, wheezing,
allergic rhinitis, and eczema in a Turkish adult population. Occupational exposures
were associated with wheezing and eczema prevalence in the studied population.
6
Nonsmokers could be more vulnerable to respiratory effects of occupational
exposures due to healthy smokers effect.9
Wood processing is usually performed in environments with large amount of
Endotoxin-rich bioaerosols that is associated with a variety of health effects. The aim
of this preliminary study was to assess the relation between endotoxin levels in settled
and airborne dust in wood-processing industry. In sawmill the settled dust as
endotoxin reservoir and suggests that it may add to already high exposure to airborne
endotoxins associated with wood processing. Investigations of the relation between
settled and airborne endotoxin levels should be continued to better understand the
sources and sites of endotoxin contamination in wood-processing industry.15
The prevalence and quantitative level of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE)
to beech and pine wood in exposed workers. Wood sensitization was specified with
regard to cross-reactivity and was correlated to the reported symptoms. The
prevalence of wood sensitization among all workers was 3.7%. There was no
association between sensitization prevalence or sIgE concentrations and self-reported
allergic symptoms. Beech- and pine-sensitized workers showed a high prevalence of
CCD sensitization (73%).21
Asthma incidence in wood-processing industries in Finland in a register-
based population study. Statistically increased relative risks were found for low and
medium exposure to wood dust, but not for high exposure. Altogether 217 of the
4074 clinically verified asthma cases were reported as occupational asthma in the
Finnish Register on Occupational Diseases. The incidence rates for asthma were
significantly increased both among the woodworkers and the other blue-collar
workers in wood industries but without a clear dose-response. Cases recognized as
7
occupational asthma accounted for only a small part of the total asthma excess,
indicating that much of the work-related asthma excess remains unrecognized in this
industries.11
The correlations between exposures to wood dust, upper airways symptoms
and lung function. Analysed medical surveillance reports of 197 woodworkers with a
median wood dust TWA exposure of 2.1 mg/m3. The results have been analyses with
logistic regression to correlate prevalence of symptoms and Spiro metric data with
occupational exposure to wood dust, length of service, regular use of respiratory
protection and smoking habits. Epistaxis (prevalence: 10.1%), sub acute or chronic
rhinitis (prevalence: 41.6%), sub acute or chronic pharyngitis (prevalence: 17.2%),
pathologic decrease of VC (prevalence: 5.1%). The chronic irritation of upper and
lower respiratory tract are caused by exposure to wood dust below the European 8
hours exposure legal limit of 5 mg/m3.21
In 2009, current asthma prevalence was 8.2%, affecting 24.6 million people in
the United States. The annual percentage increase from 2001 to 2009 was 1.2%.
Asthma attack prevalence remained level between 3.9% and 4.3% during 1997–
2009.20
The number of people diagnosed with asthma grew by 4.3 million from
2001 to 2009. From 2001 through 2009 asthma rates raised. Asthma was linked to
3,447 deaths (about 9 per day) in 2007. Asthma costs in the US grew from about $53
billion in 2002 to about $56 billion in 2007, about a 6% increase. Greater access to
medical care is needed for the growing number of people with asthma.5
An American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, estimated 300
million people worldwide suffer from asthma, with 250,000 annual deaths attributed
8
to the disease. Workplace conditions, such as exposure to fumes, gases or dust, are
responsible for 11% of asthma cases worldwide. About 70% of asthmatics also have
allergies. It is estimated that the number of people with asthma will grow by more
than 100 million by 2025.5
Work-related asthma is the most commonly reported occupational lung
disease in the United States {Petsonk, 2002}. Occupational exposures can trigger
asthma exacerbations in asthmatic workers or induce asthma in a previously healthy
worker. Approximately 7.5% of all US adults have a diagnosis of asthma {CDC,
2002}. In the US, there is an estimated 14.6 million work absence days due to asthma
annually {Mannino et. al., 2002}. Of adults with incident asthma, an estimated 15%
is attributable to workplace exposures {Blanc, 1999}. 14
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE“A man too busy to take care of his health is like a mechanic too busy to
take care of his tool”.
Review of literature is an important step in developing of research project. It
is the systematical and critical review of the most important published scholarly
literature on a particular topic.
9
Reviews of literature related to causes regarding allergic asthma among sawmill
workers.
Reviews of literature related to Prevention of allergic asthma among sawmill
workers.
Reviews of literature related to Health hazards of allergic asthma among sawmill
workers.
Kespohl S (2010) conducted the study on allergy and may be one cause of
respiratory health problems among woodworkers. To determine the prevalence and
quantitative level of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to beech and pine wood in
exposed workers. Workers (n=701) were investigated for sIgE to beech and pine.
Workers sensitized to wood were tested for cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants
(CCDs) and environmental allergens. Results show that the prevalence of wood
sensitization among all workers was 3.7%. Beech- and pine-sensitized workers
showed a high Prevalence of CCD sensitization (73%). Although 96% of the wood-
sensitized workers were atopic, no significant correlation was found between wood
sensitization and sIgE to beech and birch pollen, but an association was found
between sIgE against CCDs and pine pollen. The result concludes that Sensitization
prevalence to beech and pine wood measured by tailored ImmunoCAPs was not
correlated to allergic symptoms.8
Campo P, (2010) conducted the study Work-related sensitization and
respiratory symptoms in carpentry apprentices exposed to wood dust and
diisocyanates. The frequency of work-related specific sensitization and Respiratory
symptoms in carpentry apprentices with occupational exposure to wood dust and
10
diisocyanates. Spirometry and skin prick tests to aeroallergens and to a battery of 14
different woods were performed in all the participants. Blood samples were collected
for total IgE measurement and detection of specific IgE to diisocyanates. This study
results Half the participants (56%) had work-related respiratory symptoms: 54% due
to wood dust, 15% due diisocyanates, and 9% to both. A history of rhinitis or asthma
was associated with a 2.1- or 2.8-fold increase, respectively, in the likelihood of
having respiratory symptoms due to wood dust exposure. The researcher concludes
Individuals with a history of rhinitis or asthma had an increased risk of respiratory
symptoms. Sensitization to wood was more common in atopic apprentices with a
history of rhinitis and a high total IgE level.1
Osman E, Pala K, (2009) conducted the study Occupational exposure to wood
dust and health effects on the respiratory system in a minor industrial estate in Bursa,
Turkey. The study was conducted between October 2006 and May 2007. In this
study, a total of 656 persons, 328 woodworkers and 328 controls were included. A
questionnaire was used in the study. Physical examination and the pulmonary
function tests (MIR-Spiro bank G) of the workers were performed. The study
concludes It was reported that 176 of workers (53.7%) had blocked nose while
working, 141(43.0%) had redness of the eyes, 135 (41.2%) had itching eyes and 78
(23.8%) had runny nose. No symptoms were observed in the control group while they
were working at the workplace. The mean FEV1 and FVC values of woodworkers,
among both smokers and non smokers, were significantly low, although the
FEV1/FVC value was high (p < 0.05).the study concludes the exposure to wood dust
adversely influenced the workers respiratory functions. an associated with the healthy
11
worker effect that can adversely influence health of workers exposed to wood dust at
less than (4mg/m3) is revealed.24
Aguwa EN, (2007) conducted the study the prevalence of occupational asthma
and rhinitis among woodworkers in south-eastern Nigeria. Wood dusts are known to
cause respiratory disorders like rhinitis and asthma. This study was therefore done to
determine the magnitude of the problem among woodworkers in south-eastern
Nigeria exposed to high level of wood dust. Five hundred and ninety one
woodworkers were selected using a stratified random sampling. The prevalence of
woodwork-related rhinitis and asthma were then observed in the study population.
Also the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of each woodworker was obtained. The
prevalence of occupational rhinitis was 78%, while that of asthma was 6.5%.resercher
concludes the prevalence of rhinitis and asthma in woodworkers was high and
significantly increased with years of working as a woodworker.6
Zakrzewska M, (2007) conducted the study of wood dust as carcinogenic to
humans based on demiological and experimental evidence. The exposure of 23
workers in three different working days was measured. In total, 69 personal airs were
carried out at five wood working factories. The results show that about 13% of the
exposure values exceed the limit Of 5 mg/m3 and about 48% of personal exposures
are lower then the limit value. The result concludes Prevention measures,
technological solutions and personal protection equipment should be adopted in order
to reduce worker's exposure.12
12
Innocenti A, (2006) conducted the study of wood dust exposure can induce Sino-
nasal cancers, rhinitis and asthma; induction of chronic bronchial obstruction,
pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. The study evaluated the decrease in lung
function in a group of 31 non-smokers exposed to high levels of wood dust (> 5
mg/m3 also) and in 2 non-snookering control groups with comparable lung function
tests at first examination: 39 mechanical workers without respiratory hazards (group
1) and 30 forestry workers (group 2). In conclusion, the study did not show any
alterations in the longitudinal decrease in pulmonary function due to high wood dust
exposure levels, perhaps due to the poor inhalability of wood particles that are mostly
trapped in the nose; further studies are needed to investigate chronic effects of wood
dust exposure on development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,
pulmonary fibrosis and also lung cancer.10
MeoSA. (2004) conducted the study the Effects of duration of exposure to wood
dust on peak expiratory flow rate among workers in small scale wood industries.
Study was conducted under the supervision of the Department of Physiology, College
of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the
year 2002. It was designed as a matched case control cross-sectional study of
spirometry in forty six non-smoking wood workers, aged 20-60 years, who worked
without the benefit of wood dust control ventilation or respiratory protective devices.
PEFR measurements were performed using an electronic spirometer. The study
results demonstrated that in wood workers exposed for longer periods than 8 years,
PEFR was significantly reduced as compared with their matched controls. The results
conclude that PEFR in wood workers is impaired and the stratification of results
shows a dose-response effect of years of wood dust exposure on its value.16
13
Laraqui Hossini CH, (2001) conducted the study of many risks relating to the
wood they are caused by natural components of wood, products of conservation,
chemical agents and parasites of wood. Carried out a retrospective survey which
concerned exposed workers and controls in twenty small handicraft workshops in 242
exposed subjects to the wood dust and 121 controls. Sixty-one point nine % of those
exposed had clinical respiratory symptoms versus only 21.5% of controls. Rhinitis,
asthma, conjunctivitis, chronic bronchitis and dermatitis were significantly more
frequent in those exposed than among the non-exposed, with respectively 55.8%,
14.5%, 24.8%, 21.1% and 12.8% versus 16.5%, 6.6%, 8.3%, 5.8% and 4.9%.
Exposure was the cause of respiratory symptoms because among non-smokers,
exposed workers were more symptomatic than controls. Smoking exhibited a
potential zing effect on airborne occupational Contaminants because among exposed
workers disorders were 1.8 times more frequent in smokers than non-smokers. A
variable degree of respiratory obstruction was found among 30.1% of the exposed
individuals versus 12.4% of the unexposed subjects. The effect of exposure was
certain because among the non-smokers, 15% of exposed subjects had altered
respiratory function versus 4% of unexposed persons. This result concludes that it is
imperative to implement an occupational health service and to develop means for
collective and individual prevention to maximally reduce the risk.20
Mandryk J, (2000) conducted the study the effects of personal exposures on
pulmonary function and work-related symptoms among sawmill workers. Three
green mills and two dry mills were studied for personal exposure to wood dust and
biohazards associated with wood dust and their correlation to lung function and work-
14
related symptoms among sawmill workers. Compared with dry mill workers, green
mill workers had significantly high prevalence of regular cough, chronic bronchitis,
regular blocked nose, regular sneezing, sinus problems, flu-like symptoms, and eye
and throat irritation. The study concludes that the significant correlations found for
respirable fractions show that not only inhalable but also respirable fractions are
important in determining potential health effects of exposure to wood dust. The
management and employees of the sawmilling industry should be educated on the
potential health effects of wood dust.18
Demers PA, (1998) conducted the study on Nonmalignant respiratory disease
(NMRD) mortality was examined among woodworkers participating in the American
Cancer Society's CPS-II cohort study. During the 6-year prospective follow-up there
were 97 NMRD death's among 11,541 men reporting employment in wood-related
occupations and 1,338 NMRD deaths among 317,424 men reporting no exposure to
wood dust or wood-related jobs. Relative risks, adjusted for age and smoking, were
calculated using Poisson regression. A small excess of NMRD was observed among
woodworkers. Duration of exposure was observed. Among woodworkers reporting
exposure to asbestos (RR 1.59, 95% CI = 0.85-2.96), as well as the small number of
woodworkers reporting exposure to formaldehyde (RR = 1.95, 95% CI = 0.63-6.06),
but men not reporting exposure to these substances also had an excess risk. Although
limited by a short follow-up period and crude indicators of exposure, this result
concludes that ability to compare woodworkers to a similar, healthy population and to
adjust for the effects of smoking. Cohort studies with better exposure information are
needed to examine the role of occupational exposures among woodworkers in the
etiology of respiratory disease.7
15
6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
“A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED
TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
ALLERGIC ASTHMA AND ITS PREVENTION AMONG SAWMILL
WORKERS IN SELECTED SAWMILL CENTERS IN TUMKUR.”
6.4OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To assess the pretest level of knowledge regarding Sawmill workers among
allergic asthma and it’s Prevention.
To develop and administer a planned teaching programme on allergic asthma and
its prevention to the sawmill workers at selected areas, Tumkur.
16
To assess the post test knowledge of sawmill workers regarding allergic asthma
and its prevention after planned teaching programme.
To compare pretest and post test the knowledge of sawmill workers regarding
allergic asthma and its prevention.
To find out the association between pretest knowledge score with selected
demographic variables.
6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
Evaluate: In this study Evaluate refers to determine the knowledge gained by the
sawmill workers regarding allergic asthma and its prevention after planned
teaching programme.
Planned Teaching Programme (PTP): In this study planned teaching
programme means a well prepared teaching programme designed to provide
information regarding asthma, causes, its effects on health, and prevention of
allergic asthma among sawmill workers.
Knowledge: is defined as the correct responses of sawmill workers to the items in
the self-structured interview regarding allergic asthma and its prevention.
Sawmill workers: refers to those individual who are skilled in wood art and
working in sawmill and exposing much time in sawmills centers Tumkur.
Allergic Asthma: It is a disease characterized by hypersensitivity and hyper
responsiveness of airway leads to cough, chest tightness, wheezing, and dyspnea.
17
Prevention: It refers to the measures to be taken at primary, secondary, and
tertiary levels of allergic asthma.
6.6 HYPOTHESIS
H1: There is significant difference between the pre and post test knowledge
score of the sawmill workers regarding allergic asthma and its prevention.
H2: There is a significant association between the pretest knowledge scores of
the sawmill workers and the selected demographic variables as age, religion,
education, income, year of experience, number of working hours, and history of
respiratory disease.
6.7 ASSUMPTIONS
The sawmill workers may have minimal knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its
prevention.
Planned teaching programme provides an opportunity for learning and better
understanding of allergic asthma and its prevention.
6.8 VARIABLESResearch variables are the concepts of various levels of abstractions that are entered
manipulated and collected in a study.
Dependent variable: Knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its prevention
among sawmill workers.
18
Independent variables: planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding
allergic asthma and its prevention among sawmill workers.
Demographic Variables: age, religion, education, income, years of working,
number of working hours, and history of respiratory disease.
6. 9 DELIMITATIONS
The study is limited to the sawmill workers who
Are working in selected sawmill centers at Tumkur.
Will be present during the period of data collection.
Are willing to participate in the study.
6.10 PILOT STUDY
The pilot study will be conducted with 6 sawmill workers and who will be
excluded in the main study. The purpose of pilot study is to find out the feasibility
of conducting study and design on plan of statistical analysis. The finding s of the
pilot study samples will not be included in main study.
7.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD
This study is designed to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching
programme on knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its prevention among
sawmill workers in selected areas.
19
7.1 SOURCES OF DATA
The data will be collected from sawmill workers who are working in selected sawmill
centers at Tumkur.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The design is selected for the present study is quasi-experimental design in which one
group pre and post test design without control group.
RESEARCH APPROACH
An evaluative research approach will be used in this study.
RESEARCH SETTINGS
The study will be conducted in selected sawmill centers at Tumkur.
POPULATION
The populations for the study are the sawmill workers who are working in sawmill
centers at Tumkur.
SAMPLING PROCEDURE
A Non probable convenient sampling technique will be selected for the present study.
SAMPLE SIZE
20
The sample comprised of 60 sawmill workers at sawmill centers and who will be
available during the data collection.
CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE COLLECTION
INCLUSION CRITERIA The Sawmill workers,
Who are working in selected sawmill centers.
Who are willing to participate in the study.
Who are present during the time of data collection.
Sawmill workers who are able to understand Kannada.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA . Sawmill workers who are working at houses.
7.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTIONThe data collection procedure will be carried for a period of 3 weeks. The
study will be conducted after obtaining permission from the concerned authorities and
informed consent from the samples. The data will be collected in three phases.
PHASE I: - A pre test will be administered to sawmill workers using a structured
questionnaire to assess their knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its prevention.
PHASE II: - A planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding allergic asthma
and its prevention will be conducted for about 45 minutes on the same day
immediately after pretest.
21
PHASE III: - After an interval of 7 days a post - test will be conducted for the
sample using structured questionnaire for evaluating the effectiveness .planned
teaching programme.
TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION The tools for data collection includes following section.
SECTION A: - A schedule to assess the demographic data of sawmill workers such as age,
religion, education, income, years of working, number of working hours, and history of
respiratory disease.
SECTION B: -The investigator will develop structured Questionnaire to assess the
knowledge level of allergic asthma and its prevention among sawmill workers.
SECTION C: - Planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its
prevention of among sawmill workers and content validity will be established by requesting
the experts to go through the developed tool and give their valuable suggestions.
PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSISThe data collected will be analyzed by a means of Descriptive and inferential
statistics.
IN DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: - Mean standard deviations, range, and mean scores percentage of subject will
be used to quantifying the level of knowledge regarding allergic asthma and its
prevention among sawmill workers.
22
IN INFERENTIAL STATISTICS; -Paired t - Test will be used to examine the effectiveness of planned teaching
programme by comparing pre and post test scores. And to find out the differences in
knowledge between pre and post tests.
The Chi-Square will be used to find out the association between socio
demographical variables of sawmill workers with pretest knowledge scores. The data
will be planned to present in the form of tables and figures.
.
TIME AND DURATION OF THE STUDYThe time and duration of the study will be limited to 6 weeks or as per guidelines of
university.
7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR
INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENT OR
OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMAL? IF SO, PLEASE DESCRIBE
BRIEFLY.Yes, planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding allergic asthma
and its prevention in selected sawmill centers. Will be administered as an intervention
to the sawmill workers.
7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM
YOUR INSTITITION?Yes, the pilot study and the main study will be conducted after the approval
from the research committee of Shridevi College of nursing. Permission will be
23
obtained from the concerned head of the sawmill centers. The purpose and details of
the study will be explained to the study subjects and an informed consent will be
obtained from them. Assurance will be given to the study subjects on the
confidentiality and anonymity of the data collected from them.
8.0 LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Campo P, Aranda A, Rondon C, e t l e. Work-related sensitization and
respiratory symptoms in carpentry apprentices exposed to wood dust and
diisocyanates. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010 Jul; 105(1):24-30.
2. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Asthma management and
prevention: SA practical guide for public officials and Health care
Professionals, National Institute of Health publication 1997; 97-4051.
24
3. Jacobsen G, Schaumburg I, Sigsgaard T, et le. Non-malignant respiratory
diseases and occupational exposure to wood dust. Ann Agric Environ Med.
2010 Jun; 17(1):29-44. PMID: 20684478.
4. You can control your Asthma: Global Institute for Asthma. Available from
URL:http://www.ginasthma.org.
5. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. All Rights Reserved.
Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, Vital Signs, May 2011.
6. Aguwa EN, Okeke TA, Asuzu MC. The prevalence of occupational asthma
and rhinitis among woodworkers in south-eastern Nigeria.Tanzan Health Res
Bull. 2007 Jan; 9(1):52-5. PMID: 17547102.
7. Demers PA, Stellman SD, Colin D, Boffetta P. Nonmalignant respiratory
disease mortality among woodworkers participating in the American Cancer
Society Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II). Am J Ind Med. 1998 Sep;
34(3):238-43. PMID: 9698992.
8. Kespohl S, Schlünssen V, Jacobsen G, e t l e. Impact of cross-reactive
carbohydrate determinants on wood dust sensitization. 2010 Jul; 40(7):1099-
106.
25
9. Kurt E, Demir AU, Cadirci O, e t l e. Occupational exposures as risk factors
for asthma and allergic diseases in a Turkish population. . Int Arch Occup
Environ Health. 2011 Jan; 84(1):45-52. Epub 2010 Jul 9.
10. Innocenti A, Ciapini C, Natale D, e t l e. Longitudinal changes of pulmonary
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9 SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
10 REMARKS OF THE GUIDE
11 11.1 NAME AND DESIGNATION
OF GUIDE
11.2 SIGNATURE
28
11.3 CO-GUIDE
11.4 SIGNATURE
11.5 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
11.6 SIGNATURE
12 12.1 REMARKS OF THE
CHAIRMAN AND PRINCIPAL.
12.2 SIGNATURE
29
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