S O L I D WA S T E M A N A G E M E N T I N J A L A N D H A R C I T Y A N D I T S
I M P A C T O N C O M M U N I T Y H E A L T H
REDUCE / REUSE / RECYCLE / RECOVERY
GLASS
PAPER
PLASTIC
ORGANIC
• Solid waste
• Liquid waste
• Gaseous waste
• Animal by-product
• Biodegradable waste
• Biomedical waste
• Bulky waste
• Business waste
TYPES OF WASTE
2SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Chemical waste
• Clinical waste
• Coffee wastewater
• Commercial waste
• Construction and demolition waste
• Controlled waste
• Consumable waste
• Composite
Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined residential, industrial, commercial, healthcare and agricultural activities in a given area.
SOLID WASTE
3SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
* Rajendra Kumar Kaushal et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)Source: Information from web site of CPCB
Evolution of SW in India:
Evolution SW in Jalandhar: Year 2014 - 350 TPD Year 2031 - 1207 TPD
* Punjab Goverment
TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
4SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Household --> MSW
Industrial waste --> Hazardous waste
Biomedical waste --> Infectious waste
*Urban development series knowledge papers. What a waste, a global review of solid waste management. 68135. The world bank. Pag. 7
Depend on the composition
Infectious W.
Hazardous W.MSW
www.johnsbrotherssecurity.com
www.smchealth.orgwww.compostsystems.com
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTE
5SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
www.alamance-nc.com
Characteristics of Solid Waste:
Corrosive
Ignitability
Reactive
Toxicity
www2.lbl.gov
starlitewaste.com
The type of litter we generate and the approximate time it takes to degenerate
Type of litterApproximate time it take to degenerate
the litterOrganic waste such as vegetable and fruit peels, leftover foodstuff, etc
A week or two
Paper 10-30 daysCotton cloth 2-5 monthsWood 10-15 yearsWoolen items 1 yearTin, aluminum, and other metal items such as cans 100-500 years
Plastics bags 1 million yearsGlass bottles Undetermined
* Sahrish (BS Hons in Environmental Science) International Islamic University
SW IN JALANDHAR
6SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Indian J Occup Environ Med. Aug 2008; 12(2): 76–81.
The distribution of the area of the city of Jalandhar in various zones is as shown below
Residential zone 85%Industrial zone 10%Mixed zone 5%No. of large and small factory units 3500
No. of trade units 1050No. of shops 35000No. of tanneries 30No. of electroplating insustries 2No. of private hospitals 50No. of health centres 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Residentialzone
Industrial zone Mixed zone
%
05
101520253035404550
Moi
stur
e co
nten
t
Fine
ear
th
Plas
tics
Eart
hwar
e st
one,
etc
Rags
Pape
r/ca
rdbo
ard
Rubb
er, l
eath
er
Glas
s/ce
ram
ics
Met
al (n
onfe
rrou
s)
Woo
den
mat
ter
Met
al (f
erro
us)
SW IN JALANDHAR
7SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Parameters Average RangeMetal (ferrous) 0.01 0.00-1.00Metal (nonferrous) 0.13 0.00-0.04Earthware stone, etc 5.17 0.50-15.00Glass/ceramics 0.57 0.00-2.10Fine earth 24.15 19.92-25.72Paper/cardboard 3.43 0.2-10.80Wooden matter 0.09 0.00-0.30Rags 3.95 0.10-9.80Rubber, leather 1.31 0.00-4.00Plastics 7.42 3.20-14.5Moisture content 44.53 6.90-6810
Physical characteristics based on wet basis (%)
Indian J Occup Environ Med. Aug 2008; 12(2): 76–81.
Compostable: 54%Combustible: 64%Inert: 24%Recycable: 11%
Ranking
Food wasteYard waste
SWM IN JALANDHAR
SWM PROCESS
8SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Door to door collection Primary Storage
Street sweeping & drain silt
Secondary collection & transportation
Landfill & Processing facility
Segregation of waste
Biodegradable transferred to compost plant
Non biodegradable transferred to landfill
Compost plantCompost
Sale compost
Landfill
Inert transferred to landfill as solid cover
Conversion to Refuse Delivered Fuel (RDF)
Mixed Waste
Recyclables
Sale of Recyclables
GPS system: The system receive a warning if a garbage bin is not cleaned once every 12 hours
SWM IN JALANDHAR
9SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
INCINERATIONMass burn (Incineration) is a combustion process that uses an excess of oxygen and/or air to burn the SWs.This process reduces its weight and volume by 80% - 90%. (EPA Environmental Protection Agency)
MSW Incineration
Bottom ash to landfill or for use in construction
Fly ash and flue gas cleaning residues to hazardous waste landfill
Emissions to water
Emissions to atmosphere
Generation of electricity and/or heat electricity for district heating
Residual materials
Environmental costs
Environmental benefits
Power: 6MW
700 metric tonnes of MSW per day
50 tonnes of green waste for producing biogas and manure in a composting facility
PLANT
* Eunomia Research & Consulting, Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza, HDRA Consultants, ZREU and LDK ECO on behalf of ECOTEC Research & Consulting
Project cost: 133 crores (IMSW)
DISPOSAL IN JALANDHAR
10SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
COMPOSTINGBiological processing
Waste materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food scraps and paper products can be recycled using biological composting and digestion processes to descompose the organic matter.During composting, microorganisms from the soil eat the organic waste and break it down into its simplest parts.
Products:
Compost for agricultural or landscaping purposes.
Electricity
compostcab.comDump site
WASTE-RELATED
PROBLEMS
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
AcuteWatery
Diarrhea
Cancer Typhoid Malaria Dengue
Diseases Number YearLeprosy (PB) 14 2011Acute watery
diarrhea 3353 2011
Typhoid 418 2011Malaria 87 2011Dengue 63 2011Cancer 1777 2011
As showing the graph below Acute Watery Diarrhea, Typhoid and cancer are the most extended diseases in Jalandhar, therefore this presentation is focused to solve this problem.
WASTE-RELATED DISEASES
11SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
www.reporte.com.mxwww.buzzle.com www.lifebuoy.com
CANCERAWD TYPHOID
Acute Water Diarrhea (AWD) is caused by infection of the intestine by bacteria. Diarrhea caused by small intestine disease is typically high volume, watery, and often associated with malabsorption. Dehydration is frequent.
In Jalandhar the amount of AWD cases is very high, being the city which more registered cases, more than 3,000 every year.
ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA
12SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Causes:
- Metals
- Agricultural pollution
- Garbage
- Composting
Produce by:
- Bacteria
- Parasites
- Virus
*Punjab State Report on Cancer Awareness & Symptom Based Early Detection Campaign
Typhoid, also known as typhoid fever or enteric fever, is an infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi.Typhoid is usually transmitted by water or food.
In Jalandhar the number of cases of Typhoid is very high, increasing every year and going from 3th to 1st position.
TYPHOID
13SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Causes:
- Contaminated water
- Agricultural pollution
- Contaminated food
ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN IN LUDHIANA
14SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Door to door collection
A private company started collecting garbage door-to-door in August 2011.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/Garbage-problem-Door-to-door-collection-needed/articleshow/13143831.cms
www.thehindu.com
ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN IN LUDHIANA
15SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste Stabilization Ponds:Waste Stabilization Ponds are large shallow basins enclosed by earthen embankments in which raw waste water is treated entirely by the natural processes involving both algae and bacteria. As the rate of natural oxidation is slower, longer retention periods are required.
Village Mohlan, Mandal Malout, District Muktsar:A Reverse Osmosis Plant has been installed in this village, as has been done in most of the villages, which supplies water to the villagers in cans.
Village Birk, Block Sidhwan Bet, District Ludhiana: Water Supply Scheme of this village was commissioned in March, 2012.A WSP has been constructed in the village to treat waste water.
2012NO. 11011/11/2012-CRSP (Part) Goverment of India, ministry of drinking water and sanitation
ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN IN LUDHIANA
16SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Village Gure, Block Jagraon, District Ludhiana: The water supply of the village is based on a tube well.The waste water was getting accumulated in a low lying land and was creating foul conditions in the village. The villagers decided to convert this land in to a waste stabilization pond system.
Village Dewatwal, Block Ludhiana, District Ludhiana:Waste water of the village was coming in the existing shallow and redundant village pond of 3.5 acres area and was causing foul conditions. During rainy season, the over flow from this pond used to enter into the village streets and the drainage system of the village was getting dysfunctional due to this flooding. Four ponds in series were constructed at the site.
2012NO. 11011/11/2012-CRSP (Part) Goverment of India, ministry of drinking water and sanitation
Cancer risk could be caused a wide range of constituents being released from solid waste: either into the air, water; or food chain. Volatile organics, heavy metals, and certain inorganic gases each have the potential to induce cancer, if those levels are high enough over a period of time that is long enough.In Jalandhar the number of cases is very high, being the third city in the ranking.
Jalandhar: Year 2005 --> 377 cases ; Year 2011 --> 1777 cases (471%).
CANCER
17SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Causes:
- Metals
- Agricultural pollution
- Incineration
- Composting
- Acumulated SW
- Food and water
- Gases
* Punjab State Report on Cancer Awareness & Symptom Based Early Detection Campaign* Cancer Survey 2005 by Health Department Punjab
WASTE-RELATED PROBLEMS
18SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
CONTAMINATED FOOD
WATER POLLUTION
DIRTINESS
DISEASES
HOW TO REDUCE
SOLID WASTE
19SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
REDUCE / REUSE / RECYCLE / RECOVERY
ALTERNATIVES
20SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The waste management hierarchy is used as a tool to improve the process of SWM and reduce the pollution.
Prevention (Reduce)
Reuse
Recycling
Recovery
Disposal
Most preferred
Least preferred
- Increase the lifetimes of landfills
- Keep the city clean
- Minimize the risk of water clogging and flooding
- Avoid soil and water pollution
- Increase the effectiveness of the incineration plant
- Decrease the transport cost
- Increase the quality of compost because reduces
the heavy metal content
REDUCTION
21SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Plastic Bags
www.utsavpedia.com
Use shopping bags made of clothes or jute
www.technationnews.com
REDUCTION
22SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Plastic Bags
Reuse or recycle them
Say “no, thanks” when your purchase does not require a bag
Place as many items as possible in one plastic bag
Obtain biodegradable plastic bags
An estimated 100,000 marine mammals and up to 1 million sea birds die every year after ingesting or being tangled in
plastic marine litter.www.yvsc.org/wp-content/.../Lets-Talk-Plastic.ppt
Wallet: 10 INR/bottle. Example of 26,000,000,000 Lts = 260,000,000,000 Rs. (Year). (5 billion in india *http://www.gits4u.com/water/water16.htm).
Health: Which can be damaged by toxic chemicals like Bisphenol-A (BPA), leached from bottled water. BPA can also cause cancerous cells in your body
Environment: Which is tainted by production, transportation, packaging and disposal of plastic bottled water
REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BOTTLES
23SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PM Architecture* www.sodahead.com
www.oecd.org
www.haydanhuya.com
REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BOTTLES
24SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Example of 26,000,000,000 litres/year That is means 17,000,000 barrels of oil that was used to produce plastic bottles
An addition of 2,500,000 tons of carbon dioxide that was produced in the manufacturing of plastic bottle
PM Architecture* www.greenpeace.org news.stanford.edu
The heat in cars, transportation, etc. and the plastic of the bottle can leach out chemicals that can lead to breast and other types of cancers
DRINKING PROBLEMS
25SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PM Architecture* imatgessobrerodes.blogspot.com www.mamalatinatips.com
www.lapatilla.com
No matter which one u choose when you think of when going green
DRINKING SOLUTION
26SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
PM Architecture*
www.mundovital.es www.ellahoy.eswww.tecnodiva.com
REUSE
27SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Improve people’s awareness and knowledge
BUYING REUSABLE PRODUCTS
www.elec-intro.com www.aliexpress.com
Reduce hazardous waste, and save costs
Rechargeable batteries Printer cartridges
REUSE
28SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Improve people’s awareness and knowledge
Education and awareness in the area of waste and waste management is increasingly important from a global perspective of resource management.
REUSE
29SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Improve people’s awareness and knowledge
Containers reused
Bottles and cans can be used as pencil stands or small vases
Use shopping bags made of clothes or jute
glassjarcrafts.blogspot.com
www.todayshomeowner.com www.apartmenttherapy.com
www.brit.co
RECYCLE
30SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Improve people’s awareness and knowledge
The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products.The segregation of SW consist in separate wet (Compost) and dry (Recycle) wastes.
WET DRY
Steps:1. Have two containers (dry and Wet).
2. Have two bags for dry waste (paper and plastic).3. Keep glass /plastic containers rinsed of food matter.4. Keep a paper bag for throwing the sanitary waste.
5. Explain waste segregation to your family / neighbours.* http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/4561-swmrt-solid-waste-management-guidelines
RECYCLE
31SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
www.blog.biolandia.es
www.teocio.es
RECYCLE
32SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Step 1: Do yor homework A. Assemble a team B. Analyze the trash 1. Generation 2. Composition 3. Percent recyclable C. Identify markets D. Establish a goal E. Get approval (By administration or district)Step 2: Collection system A. Map school B. Logistics C. Containers D. TransportationStep 3: Education/PromotionStep 4: Begin Recycling!Step 5: Evaluate program
A g u i d e f o r i m p l e m e n t i n g
a S c h o o l R e c y c l i n g P r o g r a m
* http://vrarecycles.org/Portals/0/documents/Catch_the_cycle.pdf
Students must be well
educated
RECYCLE
33SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
* http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/4561-swmrt-solid
www.projectsunlight.us
- Increases children’s knowledge of the benefits of recycling
- Helps to reduce the amount of rubbish your school produces
- Saves money and resources - A great project for your school council or green group to lead on
- A lot of FUN!!
Benefits of the Schools
Recycling Programme
RECYCLE
34SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Pipe composting in Kerala
www.thehindu.com
saintgits.org
bokashiwastemanagement.blogspot.com
www.thehindu.com
Compost your trash!
RECYCLE
35SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Paper: - Recycling 1 ton of paper saves 17 mature trees, 7,000 gallons of water, 3 cubic yards of electricity. - Manufacturing recycled paper uses 60 percent of the energy needed to make paper from new materials.
Metal: - Recycling steel and tin cans saves 74 percent of the energy used to make them. - A steel mill using recycling scraps reduce water pollution, air pollution, and mining waste by about 70 percent.
Plastic: - Approximately 86 percent of the energy is saved when plastic is made from plastic rather than from the raw materials of gas and oil.
http://www.slideshare.net/supernova323/how-to-recycle-5
RECYCLE
36SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
http://www.publico.es/espana/428310/450-toneladas-de-tapones-de-plastico-para-salvar-la-vida-de-aitana
Plastic caps for healing children - Spain
Parents of kids with rare diseases collected materials around the country to cover the therapy.
At a time that has plummeted economic contribution to charitable causes, a trend that spreads like a fever is to collect plastic caps and introduce in collection points located in schools, shops, bars and pharmacies. From there, the family is responsible for transporting to their home and then to a recycling plant, which pays about 200 euros per tonne.
http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/sociedad/tapones-plastico-para-curar-ninos-1725921
RESULTS
37SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
W h e r e d o y o u p r e f e r t o l i v e ?T h a t i s y o u r d e c i s i o n
RESULTS
38SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
W h e r e d o y o u p r e f e r t o l i v e ?T h a t i s y o u r d e c i s i o n
WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO LIVE?
39SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO LIVE?
40SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO LIVE?
41SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Less than 1 km between these places
RESULTS
42SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
G R E E N A R E A S
HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
43SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
CLEANNESS
Using the bins
HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
44SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
C L E A N N E S S
HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
45SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
AWARENESS
HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
46SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
AWARENESS
HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
47SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Improve people’s awareness and knowledge
• Buy everything you can in bulk (large economy sizes) rather than small packages
• Give your food scraps to animals
• Sell or donate things you don’t want instead of throwing them out
• Use cloth napkins, sponges and dishcloths instead of paper towels and napkins.
• Use low-energy fluorescent bulbs that last longer than the regular incandescent bulbs.
• Buy used instead of new
• Maximize the life of appliances by performing regular maintenance
• Keep tires inflated, they’ll last longer and your car will pollute less
• Learn about your local recycling opportunities
• Participate in your local recycling programs
• Buy what you need, use what you buy
• Rotate your tires; they’ll last longer
• Turn your computer monitor off when leaving for more than an hour
• Walk, ride bikes, take bus instead of driving
• Turn the light off when you leave the room
• Clean the condenser coils on your refrigerator every few months--you can reduce electricity
consumption 6% or more
T I P S
HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES
48SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
CONCLUSIONS
BENEFITS
49SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The solid waste can be properly utilized to gather the benefits such as:
- Conservation of natural resources
- Economic development
- Generate many useful products
- Employment opportunities
- Control of pollution
SUMMARY
50SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Accumulation of Solid Waste
Agricultural Pollution
Heavy metals (water)
Bacteria
Parasites
Virus
TyphoidAWD
Cancer
Stagnant water
Bad odors
CAUSE
EFFECTS
CONSEQUENCES
DISEASES
ALTERNATIVES Reduce, reuse, recovery and recycle
REFERENCES
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
* Rajendra Kumar Kaushal et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) Source: Information from web site of CPCB
* Sahrish (BS Hons in Environmental Science) International Islamic University
* Urban development series knowledge papers. What a waste, a global review of solid waste management. 68135. The world bank. Pag. 7
* Indian J Occup Environ Med. Aug 2008; 12(2): 76–81.
* Punjab State Report on Cancer Awareness & Symptom Based Early Detection Campaign
* Punjab Pollution Control Board as cited in Statistical Abstract of Punjab
* Scopus Compendex and Geobase Elsevier, Chemical Abstract Services-USA, Geo-Ref Information Services-USA
* EWF Technology Overview, The Regional Municipality of Halton, Submitted by Genivar, URS, Ramboll, Jacques Whitford & Deloitte, Ontario, Canada, May 30, 2007.
* Evaluation of Alternative Solid Waste Processing Technologies by URS Corporation
* Eunomia Research & Consulting, Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza, HDRA Consultants, ZREU and LDK ECO on behalf of ECOTEC Research & Consulting
* EWF Technology Overview, The Regional Municipality of Halton, Submitted by Genivar, URS, Ramboll, Jacques Whitford & Deloitte, Ontario, Canada, May 30, 2007.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
G.T. Road, Mehtan, PHAGWARA - 144 401
email: [email protected]
Website: www-gnaedu.in
Tel.: 01824-500211-212
Fax: 01824-500213
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