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IPR & PATENT ISSUES
Mentor: Mrs. Kriti Saro
Made By: Parul SharmM.C.A.-VI SEMR.NO.-05811804409
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IPR
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)arelegal rights that protect creations and/orinventions resulting from intellectual activityin the industrial, scientific, literary or artisticfields. The most common IPRs include
patents, copyrights, marks and trade secrets.
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TYPES OF IPR
IPR
Patents
Copyrights
Marks
TradeSecrets
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COPYRIGHT
All creations have a right, because they exist(and because they are creative). these arethe works of the spirit, creativity, even if theyare sometimes tangible (a model, asculpture, a postcard, music ...). This is
intellectual property. All this is right.
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TRADESECRETS North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA) defines a trade secret asinformation having commercial value, which
is not in the public domain, and for whichreasonable steps have been taken tomaintain its secrecy.
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TRADE MARK The Trade Marks Registry was established in India in
1940 and presently it administers the Trade MarksAct, 1999 and the rules thereunder. It acts as aresource and information center and is a facilitator in
matters relating to trade marks in the country.
The objective of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 is toregister trade marks applied for in the country and to
provide for better protection of trade mark for goodsand services and also to prevent fraudulent use of themark.
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PATENTS
A Patentis a statutory right for an inventiongranted for a limited period of time to the
patentee by the Government, in exchange offull disclosure of his invention for excludingothers, from making, using, selling, importingthe patented product or process forproducing that product for those purposeswithout his consent.
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PATENTS
Patent grants exclusive rights to the inventor(patentee) to make, use, license or sell theinvention for a limited period of time.
Patent is territorial in nature. In India the patent is valid for 20 years subject
to annual renewal during this period.
A patent is granted for an invention, which isnew (novel), has an inventive step and iscapable of industrial application .
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HISTORY OF INDIAN PATENT SYSTEM 1856- THE ACT VI OF 1856 ON PROTECTION OF
INVENTIONS BASED ON THE BRITISH PATENT LAW OF1852. CERTAIN EXCLUSIVE PRIVILEGES GRANTED TOINVENTORS OF NEW MANUFACTURERS FOR A PERIODOF 14 YEARS.
1859-THE ACT MODIFIED AS ACT XV; PATENTMONOPOLIES CALLED EXCLUSIVE PRIVILEGES(MAKING. SELLING AND USING INVENTIONS IN INDIAAND AUTHORIZING OTHERS TO DO SO FOR 14 YEARSFROM DATE OF FILING SPECIFICATION).
1872-THE PATENTS & DESIGNS PROTECTION ACT.
1883- THE PROTECTION OF INVENTIONS ACT. 1888-CONSOLIDATED AS THE INVENTIONS & DESIGNS
ACT. 1911-THE INDIAN PATENTS & DESIGNS ACT.
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PATENT LAWS AFTER INDEPENDENCE
1972-THE PATENTS ACT (ACT 39 OF 1970) CAMEINTO FORCE ON 20TH APRIL 1972.
1999-ON MARCH 26, 1999 PATENTS (AMENDMENT)ACT, (1999) CAME INTO FORCE FROM 01-01-1995.
2002 -THE PATENTS (AMENDMENT) ACT 2002 CAMEINTO FORCE FROM 2OTH MAY 2003
2005 -THE PATENTS (AMENDMENT) ACT 2005EFFECTIVE FROM I st JANUARY 2005
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MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT PATENTS
o A common misconception is that a patent givesits owner the right to make, use or sellinventions. In fact, a patent gives its owner theright to EXCLUDE other people from making,using or selling the claimed invention.
o The patent owner him-/herself may also beforbidden from using his/her own invention, dueto the existence of another patent or other legalrestrictions.
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TYPES OF PATENTS
Utility Patent: Issued for the invention of a new anduseful process, machine, manufacture, orcomposition of matter, or a new and usefulimprovement.
Design Patent: Issued for a new, original, andornamental design for an article of manufacture.
Plant Patent: issued for plants and trees.
Reissue Patent: Issued to correct an error in analready issued utility, design, or plant patent, it doesnot affect the period of protection offered by theoriginal patent
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CRITERION FOR PATENTS:
Novelty
New Innovative Step/Steps
Usefulness
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PATENT FILING IN INDIA
Patent application is filed with the Controller ofPatents in India along with provisional orcomplete specifications.
Claim or claims define the scope of theinvention for patent protection.
Once granted, the patent is sealed in the nameof patentee.
The patentee can exploit the patent working orselling or by assigning or licensing.
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PROCEDURE OF FILING PATENTSFiling of patent
application
Filing of completespecifications, if not donealready (within 12 months
of application)
Publication of application
(after 18 months fromapplication date)
Examination ofapplication on request
Acceptance andadvertisement of complete
specifications
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Opposition
Scrutiny
Grant and sealing ofpatent
Grant
YES
NO
NOYES
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FOUR INCENTIVES THAT THE PATENT SYSTEMCATERS TO
Incentive to invent
Incentive to disclose
Incentive to commercialize
Incentive to invent substitutes
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RIGHTS OF A PATENTEE
Right to exploit the patent
Right to Grant license
Right to surrender
Right to sue for infringement
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TRANSFER OF PATENT
Assignment
License
Transmission of Right by Operation of Law
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SOFTWARE PATENTABILITY ISSUES
Business Methods
Since 1998 Algorithms are Patentable inU.S.
Technicality
Embedded in Hardware
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COPYRIGHTS VS PATENTSS.no. Attribute Copyright Patent
1 Country/Continent Europe U.S.A.
2 Age 70 20
3 Fee Cheap Costly
The code/expression of any software is internationally protected bycopyright law. There is no reason to protect the ideas/functionality of thatsoftware as well.
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PATENTS VS. COPYRIGHTS
PatentsCopyrights
EUROPE
INDIA
U.S.A
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MERITS OF PATENTS
Helps small firms grow
Big firms expands
Give boost to innovators & entrepreneurs
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DEMERITS
If authority is weak or corrupt invalid patents areissued.
Bigger firms only gain.
Patents for only incremental steps in Software
Industry.
No relation between Software patents and R&Dinventions.
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MAJOR S/W PATENT CASES Yahoo's big patent war escalation: a lawsuit against
Facebook.
Samsung Electronics Co. filed patent infringement
lawsuits against Apple. Google approved new lawsuit against Apple iPhone
and iCloud.
Oracle sues Google for Java patent, copyright
infringement. Accenture and Guidewire Software over insurance
claims management software.
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CONCLUSION
Patents are either good or bad.
Patent authority requires more research tomake Patent Quality bench marks.
Over Patenting kills Innovation.
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REFERENCES http://ipindia.nic.in/ipr http://www.uspto.gov www.guardian.com www.google.com http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/jan/26/google-
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REFERENCES http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/publications/Pages/recs.aspx http://www.indianpatentlaw.com/
http://www.copyright.in/register_copyright_deposit.html#ixzz1rtzoh4Mc
http://www.ipfrontline.com/depts/article.aspx?id=11882&deptid=6 http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2012/03/yahoos-
big-patent-war-escalation-a-lawsuit-against-facebook.ars
http://techcrunch.com/2012/04/03/facebook-yahoo-patent/
http://techcrunch.com/2012/04/03/facebook-yahoo-patent
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