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Page 1: Post doc project

Post doc project

• links between physiology, behaviour, and life history

• ecological implications of physiology

• physiological mechanisms of ecology

Page 2: Post doc project

Life History

Behaviour

Physiology

Cell Biology

Molecular Biology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

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Basic design

• natural and experimentally-induced variation in autumn hoard size

• winter behaviour and metabolism

• spring behaviour and metabolism

• reproductive success

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a) Metabolic requirements of foraging in a cold environment

• reduced hoard size increases cold exposure

• increases thermogenic requirements

• increased Summit MR – FMR – RMR in winter

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b) Links between RMR, FMR, and SMR

• repeated winter and reproductive metabolic measurements

• quantified and experimentally manipulated food availability

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d) Metabolic consequences of early reproduction

• timing of parturition important

• natural (and experimentally induced?) variation in parturition date

• predict early breeders have higher FMR (and RMR?), lower production efficiency, but higher RS

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Life History

Behaviour

Physiology

Cell Biology

Molecular Biology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

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I. Autumn Hoarding Behaviour

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<1000 <3000 <5000 <7000 <9000 <110000

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Average = 1170

Estimated Number of Cones Hoarded

Number of

Individuals

Autumn 2001 Hoarding ObservationsSU/KL Cone Count = 19.5

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<1000 <3000 <5000 <7000 <9000 <110000

1

2

3

4

5

6

Average = 5020

Estimated Number of Cones Hoarded

Number of

Individuals

Autumn 2002 Hoarding ObservationsSU/KL Cone Count = 35.0

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Average = 5020

Estimated Number of Cones Hoarded

Number of

Individuals

Autumn 2003 Hoarding ObservationsSU/KL Cone Count = 9

<1000 <3000 <5000 <7000 <9000 <110000

1

2

3

4

5

6

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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500

5000

10000

15000

20000

Estimated Number

of Cones

Hoarded

Number of Cones per Tree

Hoarding Functional Response

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<1000 <3000 <5000 <7000 <9000 <110000

1

2

3

4

5

6 Juveniles (avg= 2950)

Ad. Females (avg= 5020)

Ad. Males (avg= 8645)

Autumn 2002 Hoarding ObservationsSU/KL Cone Count = 35.0

Within Year Variation by Age and Sex Class

Estimated Number of Cones Hoarded

Number of

Individuals

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2001 20020.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Proportion ofCones Hoarded

to 1o Midden

Scatterhoarding vs. Larderhoarding

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<0.1 <0.2 <0.3 <0.4 <0.5 <0.6 <0.7 <0.8 <0.9 <1.00

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

20012002

Mushrooms/Truffles vs. Cones

Number of

Individuals

Frequency of Mushroom/Truffle Hoarding(proportion of total # of hoarded items)

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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Cones to midden from focalsM

idd

en s

urf

ace

con

e co

un

ts

2001 2002

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Cones to middens from focals

Mid

den

su

rfac

e co

ne

cou

nt

Midden Surface Cone Counts

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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

Cones to midden from focals

Mid

den

su

rfac

e co

ne

cou

nt

2001 & 2002 Combinedr2 = 0.32, p < 0.001

Midden Surface Cone Counts

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II. Winter & Reproductive Energetics

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180 200 220 240 260 280 300100

120

140

160

180

200

220

WinterResting

MetabolicRate

(kJ/day)

Body Mass (g)

n = 36, r2 = 0.11, p = 0.047

Winter Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

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WinterResting

MetabolicRate

(kJ/day)

SU/KL Control LL Control Food Add50

100

150

200

250

300

Avg = 140 kJ/day

Winter Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

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p = 0.23

Winter Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

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180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320100

150

200

250

300

350

WinterDaily

EnergyExpenditure

(kJ/day)

Body Mass (g)

n = 51, r2 = 0.190, p = 0.001

Winter Field Metabolic Rate (FMR or DEE)

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WinterDaily

EnergyExpenditure

(kJ/day)

SU/KL Control LL Control Food Add100

150

200

250

300

350

Avg = 200 kJ/day

Winter Field Metabolic Rate (FMR or DEE)

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100 150 200 250 300125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

WinterFMR

(kJ/day)

Winter RMR (kJ/day)

n = 28, r = 0.012, p = 0.95

Winter FMR vs. Winter RMR

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SU/KL Control LL Control Food Add0

1

2

3

4

WinterDaily

EnergyExpenditure

(x RMR)

Avg = 1.45xRMR

Winter FMR vs. Winter RMR

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DailyEnergy

Expenditure(kJ/day)

Winter Lactating0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Winter FMR and Lactating FMR

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220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360100

200

300

400

500

600

700

LactatingDaily

EnergyExpenditure

(kJ/day)

Body Mass (g)

n = 46, r = 0.001, p = 0.94

Lactating FMR

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KL/SU Control LL Control Food Add100

200

300

400

500

600

700

LactatingDaily

EnergyExpenditure

(kJ/day)

Lactating FMR

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May14 May24 Jun3 Jun13 Jun23 Jul3 Jul13100

200

300

400

500

600

700

LactatingDaily

EnergyExpenditure

(kJ/day)

Lactating FMR

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Winter Lactating0

100

200

300

400

500

1xRMR

2xRMR

3xRMR

DailyEnergy

Expenditure(kJ/day)

LL Food AddKL/SU Control

FMR Summary

LL Control

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Winter Lactating0

100

200

300

400

500

1xRMR

2xRMR

3xRMR

DailyEnergy

Expenditure(kJ/day)

LL Food AddKL/SU ControlLL Control

Source Sum-of-Squares df Mean-Square F-ratio PSEASON 278658.157 1 278658.157 42.328 0.000TREAT 32509.834 2 16254.917 2.469 0.090SEASON*TREAT 63555.514 2 31777.757 4.827 0.010BODYMASS 4225.126 1 4225.126 0.642 0.425Error 592497.575 90 6583.306

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Winter Lactating0

100

200

300

400

500

1xRMR

2xRMR

3xRMR

DailyEnergy

Expenditure(kJ/day)

LL Food AddKL/SU Control

FMR Summary

LL Control

1994 Control (following mast year)