POPULATION PYRAMIDS

ObjectivesObjectivesWHAT is a population pyramid?HOW to read a population pyramid?Recognise SHAPES of population

pyramids. IMPORTANCE of population

pyramids.

What is a population What is a population pyramid?pyramid?

It is a diagram that gives information about the proportion of males and females in each age group.

Also shows:- proportion of young people (0 -14 )- proportion of working people (15 – 59)- proportion of elderly people (60+)

Each age-group designation is called a COHORT

What is a population What is a population pyramid?pyramid?

Vertical Axis - Age Groups

Horizontal Axis – Percentage / number

Young dependents

Working population

Elderly dependents

How to read a population How to read a population pyramid?pyramid?Read the title e.g. country or city or

racial groupComment on general shape of the

pyramidNote the proportion of people in various

age groups (cohorts)Note the sex ratioInterpret the data

Types of Population Types of Population PyramidPyramid

1. Triangular-shaped

2. Beehive-shaped Pyramid

3. Rectangular-shaped Pyramid

Shape of pyramids is controlled by Births (but mostly CBR!) deaths, & migrations.

Triangular-shaped Pyramid

(Broad-based Pyramid)

Broad-based PyramidTitle: India, 2000Shape: Broad Base - high birth rates Narrow Top - small elderly pop

- high death rateProportion: - Large proportion of young

- high young dependency ratio

Sex Ratio: Balance pyramid - Balance sex ratio

STOPWhere is India on the Demographic

Transition Model?

Indonesia2000

Malaysia2000

Beehive-shaped Beehive-shaped PyramidPyramid

Beehive-shaped Beehive-shaped PyramidPyramid

Title: Singapore, 2000Shape: Rocket-shaped / Narrow Base

– Low Birth Rates, Slow pop growthProportion: Large proportion of working

population, 15-59 yr old - large group of economically active pop

Sex Ratio: Balanced pyramid

Hong Kong2000

Taiwan2000

STOPWhere are Beehive shaped pyramids

on the Demographic Transition Model?

Rectangular-shaped Rectangular-shaped PyramidPyramid

Rectangular PyramidRectangular PyramidTitle: Netherlands, 2000Shape: Rectangular-shaped - Zero Pop Growth Narrow Base - Low Birth Rates

- Life-expectancy is high e.g. 80+ - Low death rates

Proportion: Bars of equal length - Balance ProportionSex Ratio: Balance pyramid - Balance Sex Ratio

UK 2000

Netherlands2000

STOPWhere are Rectangular Based

Pyramids on the Demographic Transition Model?

Population Structure and Composition

Population pyramids…show age and gender groups. How do MDC’s and LDC’s differ?

1.) Sex Ratio: # of males per 100 females. In general slightly more males born, but women outlive men

• Eur and NA 95 males: 100 females• World wide 102 males: 100 females

Pop Structure and Composition – cont’d.

2.) Age Distribution Dependency Ratio: # of people too old or young

to work, compared to # of people in productive yrs.• % of pop under 15 = % over 65 divided by % in between

15-65 multiplied by 100• Tells you how many dependents for every 100 workers• Stage 2 countries: ratio is 1:1 (1 worker for every

dependent) Dependents are young• Stage 4 countries ratio is 2:1 (2 workers for every

dependent) Dependents are young and old

Age Distribution – cont’d

Graying of the pop in MDCs – more than ¼ of all govn’t expenditures in US, Canada, Japan, and W. Eur goes to Social Security, health care, and other programs for the elderly

Baby Boomer Cohort in US (born 1946-1964)…what does this mean for you?

Generation X = 1965-1980

What do you see? Why?

Population Pyramids in Transition

Importance of Population Importance of Population PyramidsPyramids

Policy Planning

~ future housing estates

~ future schools

~ future jobsComparison with other countries

~ developed (US) vs developing (India)