8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
1/39
Contemporary
RevolutionaryIdeas
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
2/39
Vladimir Lenin Father of the Russian Bolshevik Revolution Defines state as a special organization of
force: it is an organization of violence forthe suppression of some class
He did not only describe imperialism asthe last stage but also call it as moribund
stage of capitalism
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
3/39
Vladimir Lenin
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
4/39
Imperialism Tied to the growth of monopoly
capitalism The stage when advanced
economies came to be dominated
by finance capital and by bankswhich were themselvesconcentrated in cartels
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
5/39
Effects of Imperialism Monopoly capital created a tendency to
retard and stagnate technical progress
Super profits of the imperialist statemade it possible to bribe and upperstrata of the proletariat that foster, give
shape to and strengthen opportunism
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
6/39
Mao Tse Tung Maos revolutionary strategy of
protracted peoples war withthe poor peasants as vanguardsof the revolution constituted
one of his most originalcontributions to political theory
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
7/39
Mao Tse Tung
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
8/39
Mohandas Gandhi Mahatma Great Soul Gandhi developed
the Satyagraha based party on Christ
teachings and Hindu scriptures which hecalled non-violent non cooperation
This approach was a form of passive
resistance and civil disobedience or thepeaceful resistance of citizens to cooperatewith their government in order to winconcessions from it
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
9/39
Mohandas Gandhi
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
10/39
Note:The first people power revolt
in the Philippines may alsobe considered as an exampleof the Gandhian approach
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
11/39
Political Ideologies
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
12/39
IdeologyDoctrines, opinions, or way
of thinking of an individual,class, etc.
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
13/39
Ideology by Kay LawsonA system of beliefs and
attitudes about social andeconomic institutions and
processes
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
14/39
Four Major Ideologies
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
15/39
Conservatism Practice of preserving what is
established; a disposition to opposechange in established institutionsand methods
Six basic principles Order,Continuity, Loyalty, Protection ofIndividual Freedom, Piety andN
ationalism
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
16/39
Liberalism Believes that man is capable of
reason and rational action and
should be helped by thegovernment to fulfill his potentials
Government must never force
assistance on unwilling citizens
Also value to maintain personalfreedom
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
17/39
Note: Endorsed by Rousseaus Social
Contract Theory, the idea that human beings consent to be ruledby others, but only on condition
that the individual right andliberties are maintained
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
18/39
Socialism Believes that man is naturally
sociable and cooperative and thatthe establishment of a socialist government and the abolition of
exploitative work arrangementsencourage these natural tendencies
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
19/39
Note: Socialists believed that the solution
is to limit or even abolish outrightthe institution of private property,which they say should be owned by
the State, and that in returncontrolled by the workers orproletariat.
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
20/39
Types of Socialism
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
21/39
Early SocialistArgued for the abolition of
private property or simply actedout the idea by establishingcommunal ownership of land
and other goods
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
22/39
Utopian Socialists Believed that human beings
should and could work togetherfor their common welfare insmall communities
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
23/39
Marxist Socialists Believed that human history is
moving inexorably through fivestage of economic developmentcharacterized by a different modeof production and different form ofclass struggle over ownership of the means of production.
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
24/39
Communism This will be achieved when the
control over the means of production will be restored tothe workers, probably means of
a violent insurrection or apeoples war.
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
25/39
Soviet CommunismAdded to the ideas of Marx, the
teaching of Lenin which state thatonly upon the emergence of imperialism that it would be able toreach the stage of socialism; thatthe communist revolution leads atfirst, only to socialist system
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
26/39
Chinese CommunismSignification of Marxism-
Leninism and theprogpagation of theteachings of Mao Ze Dong
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
27/39
Democratic SocialismAlso known as Moderate
Socialist Thought
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
28/39
Basic Tenets of DS Society is based on class struggle
It is important to organize theworking class to have a voice in thelocal and national government
Revolution is not essential toachieve a socialist society
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
29/39
Anarchism Most misunderstood version of socialism
The breakdown of law and order and thereign of chaos
No person should have the right toexercise authority over another person
Breakdown of existing order, the only wayto shatter patterns of exploitation
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
30/39
Syndicalism Last variation of socialism which sees
the trade union, rather than small
community as the organization best qualified to replace the modern Stateand allows the workers to assume
controls of their own affairs To be achieved through such direct
action as general strikes and sabotage
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
31/39
FascismAnchored on the idea that what
matters most is the nation itself It argues that citizens can prosper
only when the nation prospers, and
ends up placing the destiny of thenation above that of its people
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
32/39
FascismAll human interactions are subject to
the absolute discipline of the State and
its leader
A system characterized by a rigid one-party dictatorship, the forcible
oppression of the opposition, theretention of private ownership undercentralized government control
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
33/39
Note:
The term fascism was first used by Italiandictator Benito Mussolini in 1919. The term
comes from the Italian word fascio, whichmeans union or league.
Also refers to the ancient Roman symbol ofpower, the fasces, a bundle of sticks bound
to an ax, which represented civic unity andthe authority of Roman officials to punishwrongdoers.
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
34/39
Political Labels
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
35/39
Leftism Taking a positive view of human
nature and believing that thechange and progress are necessaryand possible to improve the humancondition
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
36/39
Left Dictionary defines as liberal, radical
or progressive and right, taking asomewhat more pessimistic view ofhuman nature, placing greateremphasis on the importance ofmaintaining order, piety andcontinuity
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
37/39
Authoritarian / Totalitarian Political system in which political
power is concentrated in the handsof the few and privileged group,the difference being that in thetotalitarian system, more effort ismade to exercise that power in allareas of human existence.
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
38/39
Nationalism
Pervading spirit or feeling that national interests are moreparamount than private or internalinterests, and it does not constitutea separate ideology
8/8/2019 Political Ideologies - Midterm1
39/39
Note:
Democracy like authoritarianism
is not a political ideology but rather a description of therelationship between citizens
and their leader
Top Related