Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass orderingdetermination
Mattias [email protected]
August 21, 2013, NuFact 13, Beijing, ChinaBased on arXiv:1306.3988, MB and T. Schwetz
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
1 Introduction
2 Synergy effects
3 PINGU+JUNO
4 Summary and conclusions
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
1 Introduction
2 Synergy effects
3 PINGU+JUNO
4 Summary and conclusions
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
1 Introduction
2 Synergy effects
3 PINGU+JUNO
4 Summary and conclusions
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
1 Introduction
2 Synergy effects
3 PINGU+JUNO
4 Summary and conclusions
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
1 Introduction
2 Synergy effects
3 PINGU+JUNO
4 Summary and conclusions
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Neutrino status
Current parameter knowledge
The oscillation parameter statussin2 θ12 = 0.302 +0.013
−0.012
sin2 θ13 = 0.0227 +0.0023−0.0024
sin2 θ23 = 0.413 +0.037−0.025 / 0.594 +0.021
−0.022
∆m2
21/10−5 = 7.50 +0.18−0.19 eV
2
∆m231/10−3 = 2.473 +0.070
−0.067 eV2 (NH)
∆m232/10−3 = −2.427 +0.042
−0.065 eV2 (IH)
Gonzalez-Garcia, Maltoni, Salvado, Schwetz, arXiv:1209.3023
We will use (unless stated otherwise):
|∆m231| = 2.4 · 10−3 eV2 , ∆m2
21 = 7.59 · 10−5 eV2 ,
sin2 2θ13 = 0.09 , sin2 2θ23 = 1 , sin2 θ12 = 0.302 , δ = 0 .
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Neutrino status
What is left?
The sign of ∆m231 (neutrino mass ordering)
The value of δ (CP violation)
The octant of θ23 (for non-maximal mixing)
I will concentrate on the first of these in this talk
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
How to measure the ordering (with oscillations)
Atmospherics
Several proposals exist
Indian NeutrinoObservatory (INO)
Hyper-Kamiokande
PINGU
Far detector forLBNE/LBNO
P(νµ → νµ) NO
cos(Θν)
log(
E/1
GeV
)
00.20.40.60.810
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
MB, Smirnov, arXiv:1306.2903
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
How to measure the ordering (with oscillations)
Atmospherics
Several proposals exist
Indian NeutrinoObservatory (INO)
Hyper-Kamiokande
PINGU
Far detector forLBNE/LBNO
P(ν̄µ → ν̄µ) NO
cos(Θν)
log(
E/1
GeV
)
00.20.40.60.810
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
MB, Smirnov, arXiv:1306.2903
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
How to measure the ordering (with oscillations)
Long baseline experiments
295 km
109
1010
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
P µ e
109
1010
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Eν [eV]
1010
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
MB, Smirnov, arXiv:1306.2903
Must be long to givelarge matter effect
Compare withCP-violation, whichprefers shorter baseline
LBNE / LBNO
T2HK too short
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
How to measure the ordering (with oscillations)
Long baseline experiments
810 km
109
1010
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
P µ e
109
1010
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Eν [eV]
1010
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
MB, Smirnov, arXiv:1306.2903
Must be long to givelarge matter effect
Compare withCP-violation, whichprefers shorter baseline
LBNE / LBNO
T2HK too short
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
How to measure the ordering (with oscillations)
Long baseline experiments
7500 km
109
1010
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
P µ e
109
1010
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Eν [eV]
1010
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
MB, Smirnov, arXiv:1306.2903
Must be long to givelarge matter effect
Compare withCP-violation, whichprefers shorter baseline
LBNE / LBNO
T2HK too short
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
How to measure the ordering (with oscillations)
Reactors
Have been verysuccessful in determiningθ13
Proposals have longerbaseline
Aim to detect wiggles inhigh frequencyoscillations
JUNO (Daya Bay II)
RENO50
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
EΝ HMeVL
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
NΝHarb.unitsL
Petcov, Piai, hep-ph/0112074v2
WARNING: Huge ∆m221
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
How to measure the ordering (with oscillations)
What about synergy effects?
Experiments are studying different channels/energies/baselines
Sensitivity in different parts of parameter space
Will exclude different regions for the same true values
It may happen that only the combined fit excludes a specificordering
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
1 Introduction
2 Synergy effects
3 PINGU+JUNO
4 Summary and conclusions
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Fixed baselines
Two flavor approximations
Pαβ = sin2(2θαβ) sin2
(∆m2
αβL
4E
), Pαα = 1− sin2(2θαα) sin2
(∆m2
ααL4E
)What ∆m2
αβ should be inserted in the two-flavorapproximations?
Typically, we see ∆m2αβ ' ∆m2
31 ' ∆m232
What happens when we test the two-flavor formula in anexperiment with better resolution?
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Fixed baselines
Looking at different channels
Based on the oscillation maximum:Nunokawa, Parke, Funchal, hep-ph/0503283
∆m2ee = c2
12∆m231 + s2
12∆m232
∆m2µµ = s2
12∆m231 + c2
12∆m232 + cδs13 sin(2θ12) tan(θ23)∆m2
21
∆m2ττ = s2
12∆m231 + c2
12∆m232 − cδs13 sin(2θ12) cot(θ23)∆m2
21
Atmospherics are trickier
Full spectrum of baselines and energiesCombination of channels
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Fixed baselines
Reactors vs Long baselines
Idea has been around fora while
The effect is at the %level
Both experiments mustmeasure ∆m2
31 with highprecision
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05
sin2θ
13
∆eµ
%
NORMAL
INVERTED
Excl
ud
ed b
y C
HO
OZ
cosδ= 0
cosδ= 0
cosδ = -1
cosδ = 1
cosδ = -1
cosδ = 1
Nunokawa, Parke, Funchal, hep-ph/0503283
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Fixed baselines
Reactors vs Long baselines
Idea has been around fora while
The effect is at the %level
Both experiments mustmeasure ∆m2
31 with highprecision 0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.25
2.5
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
Confidence Level in σ
Pre
cisi
on
Req
uir
ed (
%)
sin2θ
13 = 0.04
sin2θ
13 = 0.005
σee
= σµµ
90
% C
L
95
% C
L
Nunokawa, Parke, Funchal, hep-ph/0503283
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Fixed baselines
Atmospherics
2.3 2.35 2.4 2.45 2.5
x 10−3
0
5
10
15
20
25
|∆m2| [eV
2]
∆χ
2
MB, Schwetz, arXiv:1306.3988
More complicateddependence
BaselineEnergyResolutions
∆m221 = 0, still a
difference
Simulated|∆m2| = 2.4 · 10−3 eV2
← inverted, → normaltrue ordering
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
1 Introduction
2 Synergy effects
3 PINGU+JUNO
4 Summary and conclusions
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Assumptions
PINGU
Muon reconstruction:
Assume no knowledge onthe hadronic part
Just reconstruct the muonenergy and direction
See also Franco et al,arXiv:1301.4332
Neutrino reconstruction:
Assume hadronic shower canhelp neutrino reconstruction
Do the analysis in thereconstructed neutrinoparameters
σEµ σθµ σEν σθνLow 0.15Eµ 10◦ 2 GeV
√1 GeV/Eν
High 0 0 0.2Eν 0.5√
1 GeV/Eν
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Assumptions
PINGU results (muon parameters)
0 2 4 6 8 100
10
20
30
40
50
Running time [years]
χ2
True NH
Perfect, Incl syst
Perfect, No syst
0.15Eµ, 10
o, Incl syst
0.15Eµ, 10
o, No syst
MB, Schwetz, arXiv:1306.3988
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Assumptions
JUNO
Assumptions:
Point-like source at 58 km
Different assumptions onenergy resolution
Normalized to 105 events for6 years running(4320 kt GW year)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000Exposure [kt GW yr]
0
10
20
30
40
50
∆χ
2
2%
2.6%
3%
3.5%
MB, Schwetz, arXiv:1306.3988
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Results
PINGU dependence on assumptions (ν reconstruction)
2.3 2.35 2.4 2.45 2.5
x 10−3
0
5
10
15
20
25
|∆m2| [eV
2]
∆χ
2
MB, Schwetz, arXiv:1306.3988
Thin: High, Thick: Low
Red: w syst, Black: w/osyst
Solid: fixed, Dash: free
← inverted, → normaltrue ordering
Shape mainly dependent on resolutions
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Results
Synergy results
PINGU: 1 year (High ν, no syst), JUNO: 1000 kt GW year
-0.0025 -0.0024 -0.0023 -0.0022 -0.0021
∆m2
31 [eV
2]
0
10
20
30
40
50
∆χ
2
PIN
GU
Day
a Bay
II
com
bin
ed
T2K
0.0022 0.0023 0.0024 0.0025 0.0026
∆m2
31 [eV
2]
0
10
20
30
40
50
∆χ
2
PING
U
Day
a Bay
II
com
bin
ed
T2K
MB, Schwetz, arXiv:1306.3988
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Results
Mass squared precision
PINGU: 1 year (no syst), JUNO: 1000 kt GW year
0
2
4
6
8
∆χ
2
1 2 3 4PINGU angular resolution [rad]
2.2
2.25
2.3
2.35
2.4
|∆m
2 31|
[1
0-3
eV
2]
0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Daya Bay II energy resolution
2.2
2.25
2.3
2.35
2.4
|∆m
2 31|
[1
0-3
eV
2]
Daya Bay II
PINGU
Daya Bay II
PINGU
0
2
4
6
8
∆χ
2
20 30 40 50 60PINGU energy resolution [%]
2.2
2.25
2.3
2.35
2.4
|∆m
2 31|
[1
0-3
eV
2]
0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Daya Bay II energy resolution
2.2
2.25
2.3
2.35
2.4
|∆m
2 31|
[1
0-3
eV
2]
Daya Bay II
PINGU
Daya Bay II
PINGU
MB, Schwetz, arXiv:1306.3988
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
1 Introduction
2 Synergy effects
3 PINGU+JUNO
4 Summary and conclusions
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
Outline Introduction Synergy effects PINGU+JUNO Summary and conclusions
Summary and conclusions
The neutrino mass ordering is one of the remaining unknownsin neutrino oscillations
Synergies in different types of experiments may significantlyincrease global sensitivity
Atmospherics and reactors provide the most separatedbest-fits in the wrong ordering
Crucially dependent on resolution for ∆m2
Mattias Blennow KTH Theoretical Physics
PINGU and JUNO synergy for mass ordering determination
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