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GlossGloss
Specular Reflection(Mirror-like Reflection) Diffuse Reflection
Gloss
Gloss is determined by the difference between
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Effect of Particle Shape &Effect of Particle Shape &Alignment on GlossAlignment on Gloss
glossy flat
alignment of pigments during drying
glossy flat
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60 Degree Gloss
Talc / CaCO3
Mica / CaCO3BaSO4 / CaCO3
Epoxy / Cymel
Control - CaCO3
EG-44 / CaCO3
Kaogloss 90 / CaCO3
Vinyl Acrylic
Acrylic
Urethane Acrylic
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Control - EVCL
Gloss Value
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85 Degree Gloss
Dolomite / CaCO3
Talc / CaCO3
Mica / CaCO3
BaSO4 / CaCO3
Epoxy / Cymel
Control - CaCO3
EG-44 / CaCO3
Kaogloss 90 / CaCO3
Vinyl Acrylic
Acrylic
Urethane Acrylic
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00
Control - EVCL
c
Gloss Value
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What is Nanotechnology?• Nanotechnolo is the understandin and control of
matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers,where unique phenomena enable novel applications….-…………… ,
engineering and technology; nanotechnology involves
imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulatingma er a s eng sca e.
(www.nano.gov)
• ASTM Subcommittee E56.01, “Standard Terminology Relatingto Nanotechnology”, 2008,http://www.astm.org/Standards/E2456.htm
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•Size and refractive index of particles are
important•Nanoparticles are smaller than the wavelength of
visible light; reduces chance of light scattering
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Surface Area
Volume = 4/3*π*r 3 Surface area = 4*π*r 2
• 1 gram of TiO2 Volume = 0.25 cm3
ar c ediameter
(nm)
ar c esper gram
ur acearea per
gram (m2)
ur ace Area /
Volume
200 6 x 1013 7.5 1.8 x 1012
x . x
2 6 x 1019 750 1.8 x 1020
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u s ur ace roper esu s ur ace roper es
Bulk properties are not scalable to nanoscale
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Interfacial Material Content
Particle Diameter
nm
Interfacial 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.22
10 nm Interfacial Layer
Dispersed particle volume fraction is 0.3 in all cases
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Nanocomposite CharacteristicsExtensive interfacial area
103 to 104 m2/ml
Large number density of particles 106 to 108 particles/m3
Low percollation threshold
~0.1 – 2 volume%Short distance between particles
~0.1 – 2 volume%
u mater a propert es not sca a e
Optical clarity
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Interfacial Material Pro erties
o ymer mo ecu es a n er ace ur actants at water a r nter ace
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Glass Transition in Nanocomposites• “Thermo-mechanical properties of LLDPE/SiO2 nanocomposites”, E.
ontou an . iaounsi is, o ymer, , , - g ncreases
of 25 to 30oC observed with up to 10% nano silica
• “ -Nanocomposites”, B. J . Ash, R. W. Siegel, and L. S. Schadler, J .Polym. Sci.: Part B: Polym. Phys., 42, 4371, 2004. – Nano alumina /PMMA com osites. 25oC dro in T with less than 1% 38nm and0.5% 17 nm. Up to 10% further addition did not lead toadditional Tg reductions
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Cla /Pol mer NanoCla /Pol mer Nano--com ositescom osites
NanocompositesTo ota/Ube 1980’s
70% higher tensile
modulus 125% higher flexural
modulus
temperature increased
from 65 oC to 152 oC Epoxy / Layered Silicate (Vaia –
Materials Today, 2004)
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Layered Structure of Vermiculite ClayLayered Structure of Vermiculite Clay
X-ray diffraction pattern
•Pinnavaia, T.J., and Beall and G.W. (Ed.), “Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites”, Wiley (2000)
•Gao F., Materials Today, November 2004
• , . . , . ., ,
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NanoNano--Clays: BenefitsClays: Benefits
Barrier
as, a er, e c.
Anti-Corrosion
Fire Retardancy
Mechanical Pro erties
Microcomposite
Aspect Ratio
25:1
Aspect Ratio
250:1
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In-Situ Generation of Nanophases
TEOS Hydrolysis/condensation
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SolSol--Gel Hybrid NanoGel Hybrid Nano--CompositeComposite
Si
OCH3
-OCH2CH2CHCH2H3CO
OCH3O
OC HO
+ +
Si
OC2H5C2H5OO
CO
C
O
GPTMOS
Inor anic / Or anic Nanocom osite
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Nano articecles: Current Availabilit
oat ng roperty anomater a
Anti-microbial CuO ; TiO2 ; ZnO
as arr er anoc ays
Corrosion Nanoclays, boehmite
Electrical Conductivity, Static Charge ITO, ATO, SnO2
Fire Retardant Nanoclays
IR-Absorption/Reflection ITO, ATO, TiO2, In2O3
Magnetic Fe2O3
Mechanical, Scratch Resistance Al2O3; SiO2; ZrO2
Photocatal sis, self-cleanin TiO ; ZnO
UV stability TiO2 ; ZnO; BaSO4; CeO2
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Low Solids PU
100
80
90
n t i o n ( 2 0 o )
60
70
l o s s R e t e
Alumina C
Alumina D
40
50 % Silica A
. . . .
Nanopart icle Content (Wt.%)
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Lotus EffectLotus Effect
Rainwater cleans lotus leaves because of their bumpy surface.
, .,
Barthlott et al., Annals of Botany (1997)
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Contact AngleContact Angle –– WettingWetting
- Contact Angle
Zero Contact Angle
& Spreading
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Nano-Structuring Methods Transformation of a Simple Plastic into a SuperhydrophobicSurface
Erbil, Demirel, Avci, and Mert, Science, Vol 299, Issue 5611, 1377-1380 , 28 February 2003
-.
angle of 104° ± 2°. The i-PP film was prepared by melting at 200°C between two glass
slides and crystallizing at 100°C. (B) The profile of a water drop on a
superhydrophobic i-PP coating on a glass slide that has a contact angle of 160°. The i-
PP was dissolved in a 60% p-xylene/40% MEK mixture by volume at an initialconcentration of 20 mg/ml at 100°C. The solvent mixture was evaporated at 70°C in a
vacuum oven. The morphology of the i-PP coating is shown in Fig. 4.
. . an i-PP coating
obtained using the
nonsolvent MEK as
described in Fig. 1B
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Photocatalytic TiO2 Nanoparticle
pp ca on
-
Antibacterial Activity
Super hydrophilicity Anti-fogging activity
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Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Latex Polymers
• BASF COL.9 Nano-binder (Example) – Herbol German Fa ade coatin
– Major US Paint Manufacturer
– -
– Composition: Nano-silica embedded in polymer
latex article durin s nthesis
• Avoids dispersion by formulator
• Minimum interference with polymer particle
coalescence
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