Oleh :
R. Irvan Sophian
Pemrosesan Data
Perkembangan Komputer
Perkembangan Hardware dan
Software
Efektif
Interaktif, menarik
Spasial & Non-spasial
Layer
Visual data spasial dengan atribut
User friendly
Variasi
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 5 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Identify the major types, trends, and uses of microcomputer, midrange, and mainframe computer systems.
• Outline the major technologies and uses of computer peripherals for input, output, and storage.
• Identify and give examples of the components and functions of a computer system.
• Identify the computer systems and peripherals you would acquire or recommend for a business of your choice, and explain the reasons for your selections.
Chapter Objectives
Tabel
Processing
Storage
(Database)
RetrievalINPUT
Data Lainnya
Foto Udara
Citra Satelit
Peta (tematik,
Topografi, dll)
Data Dijital Lain
Pengukuran
Lapangan
Laporan
Informasi Dijital
(Softcopy)
Laporan
Tabel
Peta
OUTPUT
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 7 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Computer System Categories
Mainframe Computers
Midrange Computers
Microcomputers
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 9 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Microcomputer Systems
• Handheld Computers
– PDA, Information
Appliances, Tablet,
smartphone
• Notebook Computers
• Desktop Computers
• Workstations
• Network Server
– Powerful microcomputer
used in small LANs
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 10 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Network Computers and Terminals
• Network Computer
(Thin Client)
• NetPC
• Network Terminal
Benefits
• Lower purchase cost
• Easier maintenance
• Easier software distribution and licensing
• Computer platform standardization
• Reduced end user support requirements
• Improved manageability
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 11 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Computer System Components
Central Processing Unit
Output
Devices
Cache
Memory
Primary
Storage
Secondary Storage Devices
Control Unit
ALU
Special
Purpose
Processors
Output
Devices Input
Devices
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 12 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Input Technology Trends
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Fifth Generation
Punched Cards Paper Tape
Punched Cards
Key to Tape/ Disk
Keyboard Data Entry Pointing Devices Optical Scanning
Voice Recognition Touch Devices Handwriting Recognition
Trend: Towards Direct Input Devices that Are More Natural and Easy to Use
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 13 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Common Input Devices
• Keyboard
• Pointing Devices
• Pen Based Computing
• Speech Recognition
• Optical Scanning
• Magnetic Ink Character
Recognition
• Smart Cards
• Digital Cameras
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 14 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Output Technology Trends
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Fifth Generation
Punched Cards Printed Reports and Documents
Punched Cards Printed Reports and Documents
Printed Reports and Documents Video Displays
Video Displays Audio Responses Printed Reports and Documents
Video Displays Voice Responses Hyperlinked Multimedia Documents
Trend: Towards Output Methods that Communicate Naturally, Quickly, and Clearly
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 15 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Common Output Devices
• Video Output
– CRT
– LCD
– LED
• Printed Output
– Inkjet
– Laser
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 16 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Storage Trends
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Fifth Generation
Magnetic Drum
Magnetic Core
Magnetic Core
LSI Semiconductor Memory Chips
VLSI Semiconductor Memory Chips
Trend: Towards Large Capacities Using Smaller Microelectronic Circuits
Trend: Towards Massive Capacities Using Magnetic and Optical Media
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic Drum
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic Disk
Magnetic Disk
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic Disk
Optical Disk
Magnetic Tape
Optical Disk
Magnetic Disk
Primary Storage
Secondary Storage
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 17 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Primary & Secondary Storage Media
Semiconductor
Memory Magnetic
Disks
Floppy Disk
Hard Disk, RAID
Magnetic Tape
Optical Disks
CD-ROM, CD-R
CD-RW
DVD
Direct
Access
Sequential
Access
Direct
Access
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 18 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Characteristics of Magnetic Disks
Cylinders
Access Mechanism
Access Arms
Read/Write Heads
Disks
Tracks: Concentric circles for storing data as magnetized bits.
Sectors: Portions of a track
Track
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 19 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Summary
• A computer system is a system of information
processing components that perform input, processing,
output, storage and control functions.
• The hardware components in a computer include input
and output devices, a central processing unit (CPU), and
primary and secondary storage.
• There are three major categories of computers:
microcomputers, midrange computers and mainframe
computers
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 20 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Summary (cont)
• Microcomputers are used as personal computers, but are
also interconnected in a variety of telecommunications
networks.
• Midrange computers are increasingly being used as
powerful network servers and for many multi-user
business data processing and scientific applications.
• Mainframe computers are larger and more powerful and
are used to handle information processing needs for
large organizations .
Eleventh Edition James A. O’Brien 21 Introduction to Information Systems
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter Summary (cont)
• Peripheral devices used for input and output come in a
variety shape and sizes. Future trends are towards
devices that communicate naturally and are quick and
easier to use.
Komputer
Alat Komunikasi Telephone
Mobile phone
Alat Navigasi Kompas, gps, …….
dll
AT
XT
286
386
486, 486DX
Pentium I (Intel, Amd, Cyrix, dll)
Intel Pentium II / Intel Celeron, K5 (AMD)
Intel Pentium III/ Intel Celeron, K6 (AMD-Athlon)
Intel Pentium IV / IntelCeleron, K7 (AMD- Athlon, Barton, Duron)
Intel Dual Core (Centrino), AMD Athlon (AMD-X64, FX, dll)
Intel Core 2 Duo, AMD64-X2, Sempron
Intel Core 2 Quad, AMD-X4 (Phenom)
Intel Core i3, i5, i7 (generasi 1 – 4 Haswell); AMD Athlon II X2,X3,X4, Phenom II X2,X3,X4, AMD Phenom II X6, FX (4 -8 core), APU series (A4, A6, A8, A10)
XEON, OPTERON (>8 core)
CPU
(Central Procesing Unit)
Monitor
Keyboard & Mouse
Printer
Mainboard/ Motherboard
Processor (Intel, AMD, VIA, dll)
Graphic Card/ VGA
SoundCard (optional/ onboard)
RAM (Read Access Memory)
(EDO Ram, SD-Ram, DDR1, DDR2, DDR3,….)
Harddisk /HDD (Seagate, WDC, Maxtor, dll.)
CD-ROM/RW, DVD-ROM/RW
Case/ casing
SERVER
WORKSTATION
DEKSTOP
MACINTOSH
LAPTOP/ NOTEBOOK
Netbook
Tablet
………
Raspberry PI
Parallella
Tablet
Smartphone
Intel
AMD
Merk-merk
ASUS
Gigabyte
Biostar
MSI, dll
Socket:
-Intel
- 348
- 378
- 478
-LGA775
-LGA1156, LGA 1366, LGA 1155
-LGA 2011, LGA 1150
-AMD
-Slot A,,939,,940
-AM2, AM2+
-AM3, AM3+
-FM1, FM2
Standard
ATI Radeon
NVDIA Geforce
Matrox
S3
Intel
Sis
dll
Profesional
Quadro
FireGL
Buat Paper :
Perkembangan OS
Perkembangan Software Survei
Perkembangan Software GIS
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