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Oleh:
kuswandi
NPM : 09100055
PENGENALAN
APLIKASI SISTIM
OPERASI

PENGENALAN APLIKASI SISTIM OPERASI 2
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kami panjatkan kepada Allah SWT atas Rahmat dan karunia-
Nya,Kami dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan Buku Pengenalan Program Aplikasi
Sistem Operasi.
Buku ini merupakan kumpulan bahan- bahan untuk pembelajaran
Pengenalan Program Aplikasi Sistem Operasi yang disusun/di dapat dari berbagai
tulisan baik dari internet ,dari buku-buku pengenalan program aplikasi sistem
operasi,Referensi maupun catatan-catatan pribadi selama melakukan pembelajaran
.
Sistematika dan subtansi dalam pembuatan buku ini masih terus
disempurnakan menuju terbentuknya buku pengenalan program aplikasi sistem
operasi yang lebih baik.Oleh karena itu ,saran dan kritik yang membangun dari
para pembaca sangat kami nantikan.
Ucapan terima kasih sedalam-dalamnya kami sampaikan kepada Bapak
Budi Usmanto,S.Si (Dosen Pembimbing),Keluarga tercinta,Teman-teman satu
kelas,dan semua pihak yang telah memberikan support kepada kami untuk
menyelesaikan buku ini.
Akhirnya semoga buku kecil ini dapat bermanfaat,khususnya bagi kami
,adik-adik kami tersayang dan para pengguna lainnya.
Pringsewu, 25 Oktober 2010
Penyusun,
kuswandi

BAB I TEKNOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN KOMPUTER ....................................... 8
PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................................... 8
Generasi Komputer ....................................................................................................... 14
1. Perkembangan Komputer Generasi Pertama (1945-1956) ............................. 14
2. Perkembangan Komputer Generasi Kedua (1956-1963) .............................. 16
3. Perkembangan Komputer Generasi Ketiga (1964-1971) ............................... 17
4. Perkembangan Komputer Generasi Keempat (1971-Sekarang)..................... 18
5. Perkembangan Komputer Generasi Kelima (Future) ..................................... 20
6. Komputer Generasi Ke Enam ( Masa Depan Ke-6) ....................................... 21
BAB II TEKNOLOGI HARDWARE KOMPUTER ............................................... 22
Pengertian Perangkat Keras Komputer. ..................................................................... 22
Bagian-bagian dari hardware (perangkat keras). ...................................................... 22
BAB III TEKNOLOGI SOFTWERE KOMPUTER ................................................ 34
Pengertian Software Komputer ................................................................................... 34
Bahasa-bahasa Pemrograman ...................................................................................... 34
Tipe Software ................................................................................................................. 38
Operasi Software dalam Komputer ............................................................................. 39
Pembangunan Software ................................................................................................ 40
Jenis Software Menurut Lisensi .................................................................................. 43
BAB IV PENGENALAN SISTEM OPRASI ........................................................... 45
Pengertian Sistem Operasi ........................................................................................... 45
Fungsi Dasar .................................................................................................................. 45
Tujuan Mempelajari Sistem Operasi .......................................................................... 46
Sasaran Sistem Operasi ................................................................................................ 46

Sejarah Sistem Operasi ................................................................................................. 46
Layanan sistem operasi................................................................................................. 48
Sejarah Sistem Operasi selain buatan Microsoft. ...................................................... 50
BAB V PENGENALAN JARINGAN KOMPUTER .............................................. 53
PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................................ 53
Komponen Dasar Jaringan Komputer ........................................................................ 54
1. Komponen Fisik (HARDWARE) .................................................................. 54
2. Komponen Software ....................................................................................... 60
BAB VI DASAR - DASAR SISTEM OPERASI ..................................................... 65
Struktur Sistem Operasi ................................................................................................ 65
1. Komponen-komponen Sistem ........................................................................ 65
2. Managemen Proses ......................................................................................... 65
3. Managemen Memori Utama ........................................................................... 66
4. Managemen Berkas ........................................................................................ 66
5. Managemen Sistem I/O .................................................................................. 67
6. Managemen Penyimpanan Sekunder ............................................................. 67
7. Sistem Proteksi ............................................................................................... 68
8. Jaringan .......................................................................................................... 68
9. Command-Interpreter System ........................................................................ 68
10. Layanan Sistem Operasi ................................................................................. 69
11. System Calls ................................................................................................... 71
12. System Program ............................................................................................. 75
13. Struktur Sistem ............................................................................................... 76
14. Struktur Sederhana ......................................................................................... 76
15. Pendekatan Berlapis ....................................................................................... 77

16. Mikrokernel .................................................................................................... 79
BAB VIII APLIKASI INTERNET ............................................................................. 88
PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................................ 88
Sejarah Internet .............................................................................................................. 88
Tersambung ke Internet ................................................................................................ 90
Aplikasi Internet ............................................................................................................ 91
A. WWW (World Wide Web) ............................................................................ 92
B. Electronic Mail/Email/Messaging .................................................................. 93
C. File Transfer ................................................................................................... 95
D. Remote Login ................................................................................................. 95
E. IRC (Internet Relay Chat) .............................................................................. 97
Interaksi Secara Elektronis .......................................................................................... 97
1. E-Commerce .................................................................................................. 98
2. E-Banking .................................................................................................... 100
3. E-Government .............................................................................................. 101
4. E-Learning .................................................................................................... 102
Cybercrime ................................................................................................................... 104
- Cybercrime atau Bukan? .............................................................................. 105
Pemanfaatan Internet .................................................................................................. 107
BAB IX APLIKASI MATHEMATIK ..................................................................... 110
Sistem Numerik dan Konversi ................................................................................... 110
1. Sistem Bilangan Desimal ...............................................................