Cell Injury
Def
Causes
Mechanism
CellularResponse
Adaptation
Hypertrophy types
Hyperplasia types
Atrophy types
Metaplasia types
Reversiblechange "degeneration"
disturbance of water metabolism
disturbed fatmetabolism
fatty changes (steatosis)
obesity
disturbedmucopolysaccharidemetabolism
mucoid deg
myxomatous deg
hyaline changeintracellular
extracellular
Irreversiblechange"necrosis"
necrosis
coagulative
liquefactive
caseous
fat
fibrinoid
gangrene
dry
moist
infective
gas
lung
cancrum oris
phagedena
Fournier's
intestinalmoist gangrene of limbsbed sores
apoptosis typesphysiological
pathological
Cell Injury.mmap - 22/6/2011 - Mindjet
II) Tissuedeposits
Intracellularaccumulation
endogenouspigment
melaninlipofuscin
hemosiderinprimary hemochromatosissecondary iron overload
exogenouspigment
inhaled particlesanthracosissilicosis
ingested particles
Extracellulardeposits
Gout
Pathologicalcalcification
Dystrophicdegenerated tissuedead tissue
metastatic calcification
Amyloidosis
classification
localized
systemicprimary
secondary
morphology
liver
spleenfocal typediffuse type
kidneyGITheartendocrine glands
II) Tissue deposits.mmap - 22/6/2011 - Mindjet
Inflammation
Acute
reactions
local
vascularchange
change in caliber
slowing of blood stream
formation of fluid exudate
cellularevents
Leukocytesrecruitmentandactivation
margination
rolling
adhesion
transmigration
inflammatory fluid exudate
chemotaxis
phagocytosis
recognition andattachment
engulfment
killing anddegradation
local reaction of macrophages
leukocytes induced tissue damage
generalchanges in blood cells
changes in organ
cardinal signs and symptoms
types
non-suppurative
catarrhal
fibrinous
serous
serofibrinous
membranous
allergic
hemorrhagic
necrotizing
suppurativelocalized
abscess
carbuncle
diffuse
fate
chroniccauses
types
functions of macrophages
Inflammation.mmap - 22/6/2011 - Mindjet
Repair
Proliferativecapacity oftissue
I) repair byregeneration
factorsaffecting
type of tissuegrowth factorstructurally and functionallyintact residual tissue
examplessurface epi.parenchymatous organ
II) repair by CTdeposition (fibrosis)
conditions
steps
mechanism
angiogenesisfibrogenesisscar formation
Healing ofwound
Primary union (healingby first intention)
Secondary union (healingby secondary union)
Complications
Repair inspecializedtissue
bonefracture
reactive phasereparative phase
remodelling phase
nervoustissue
CNSperipheral
Repair.mmap - 23/6/2011 - Mindjet
CirculatoryDisturbance
Thrombosis
factor
damage to vascular endothelium
change in blood streamchange in blood constituents
mechanism
pathogenesis
types
morphologyinfection
site
fate
complications
Embolism
thrombo-embolism
pulmonary embolism
gas embolism
fat embolism
amniotic fluid embolism
parasitic embolism
tumor emboli
ischemiafactor
types
effect
infarction
types
colour : red or pale
bacterial : septic or aseptic
blood vessel : arterial or venoussmall/large, single/multiple, recent/healed
examples
heart
brainintestinal
pulmonary
liverkidney
spleen
hemorrhage
causes
types
mechanism
effect
compensatory mech.
shock
types
stages
patho.
outcome
post mortem change
Circulatory Disturbance.mmap - 21/6/2011 - Mindjet
Immunopathology
Immunity
Immune response
type
natural (non-specific)
acquired (specific)
active
passive
passive-active
cellular basis
lymphocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells of lymphoid tissue
Langerhans cells of skin
Immune-mediateddisorder
hypersensitivitytypes
anaphylactic
definition
pathogenesis
clinical disordersystemic
local
cytotoxic types
complement mediated reaction
antibody-dependent cell-mediatedcytotoxicity (ADCC)
antibody-mediated cell dysfunction
type III
pathogenesis
clinical eg.systemic immune complex
localized immune complex
type IV(cell-mediated) types
delayed
T-cell mediated toxicity
autoimmunedisease
def.
tolerance
pathogenesis
clinical example
immunodeficiency syndromeprimary (congenital)
secondary
immunological complications of organtransplantations
Human Leukocytes Antigen (HLA) system
A) Transplant rejection
hyperacute
acute
chronic
B) Graft-versus host disease (GVHD)
Immunopathology.mmap - 22/6/2011 - Mindjet
BacterialInfection
def, mode
effects
toxemia
bacteraemia
septicemia
sapraemia
pyaemiasystemic
portal
leprosy (Hansen disease)Tuberculoid Leprosy
Lepromatous Leprosy
syphilis
method infectionsexualblood
classification
acquired
primary stage chancre
secondarystage
skin rashes
condyloma latummucous patches
generalized lymphadenopathygeneral
tertiary stage
gumma
diffuse syphlitic inflammation
CVSheart
syphilitis aortitissyphilitis arteritis
GITlips
tongueliver
testislarynxbone
CNS
meningio-vascular neurosyphlis
parenchymatoussyphilis
Tabes Dorsalisgeneral paralysisof insane
congenital
abortion
stillbirthliving with syphilitic manifestation
actinomycosiscervico-facial actinomycosis
pulmonary actinomycosis
intestinal actinomycosis
tuberculosis
causative organism
predisposing factor
routes of infection
tissue reactionproliferative (tubercle)
exudative
spread
presentation
primary TBsecondary TB
miliary TB
site
pulmonaryTB
primary(primarycomplex)
Triad
fate
healing
spreadencapsulationand reactivation
secondary
typesoflesion
healed apical (fibrotic TB)chronicfibrocaseousTB
apical lesionacinar lesion
lymph nodeacute pulmonary TB
acute miliary TBcomplications
TB of tonsilsprimary
secondary
TB of intestineprimary
secondary
TB of peritoneum
ascitic or wet typedry or adhesive type
caseous type
encapsulated type
TB of urinary tractkidney
urinary bladder
TB of genital organmale
female
TB of bones and joints
long bone
short boneflat bone
vertebrae(Pott disease)
deformitycold abscess
paraplegia
jointsTB of nervous system
TB of skinprimary
secondary
TB of heart
tuberculous pericarditis
tuberculos myocarditistuberculous endocarditis
TB of lymph node
Bacterial Infection.mmap - 23/6/2011 - Mindjet
Mycotic disease andviral infection
Mycotic diseaseMycetoma Pedis (Nocardiasis)
Moniliasis (Candidiasis)
Viral infection
Mumps virus
Measles virus
German measles (Rubella)
Cytomegalovirus
Mycotic disease and viral infection.mmap - 23/6/2011 - Mindjet
Parasiticdisease
Bilharzial(Shistosomiasis)
Intestinal
congestionsandy patchesulcerspolyps
fibrosis
liverfine or diffuse periportal fibrosiscoarse bilharzial fibrosis
spleen
urinary bladder
ureter
genital organmalefemale
lung
Malariabening
malignant
Ankylostomiasis
Leishmaniasis
cutaneous leishmaniasis(oriental sore)
visceral leishmaniasis
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Hydatid disease
Filariasis
Non-infectious granulomas(Sarcoidosis)
Parasitic disease.mmap - 23/6/2011 - Mindjet
Disturbanceof growth
congenitalanomalies
agenesis
hypoplasia
failure of fusion
failure of separation
malformation
supernumary organs
ectopia-heterotopia
choristoma
causes anomalies in infanthamartoma
ageingmech.
DNA damagedecreasedcellular replicationaccumulation ofmetabolic damage
dysplasiaCarcinoma in situ
Disturbance of growth.mmap - 23/6/2011 - Mindjet
Benign tumor
characters
growthwithin solid tissuesfrom surface
gross picture
tumor encapsulationtumor shape
cut section
mic. pic.cell morphologystructure
behavior
may be harmful to the host :
can be diagnosed as undergoingmalignant trans. :
BenignEpithelialTumor
Papilloma
squamous cell papilloma
transitional cell papillomaduct papilloma
adenoma
simple adenoma
fibroadenomacystadenoma
papillary cystadenoma
BenignMesenchymalTumor
Fibroma
Lipoma
Chondroma
OsteomaOsteoid osteoma
compact osteoma
myxoma
leiomyoma
rhabdomyoma
Benign Lesionof vessels
HemangiomasCapillary
Cavernous
Lymphangiomassimple
cavernous
Benign tumor.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet
Malignant Tumor
Characters
growth
gross pic
sizeshape
cut section
mic. pic.
cell morphology
stroma
differentiation
comparison betweenmalignant and benign
malignant epithelialtumor (carcinoma)
definition
general features
mic picture
distant spread
types
malignant mesenchymaltumor (sarcoma)
def
general features
gross pic
mic pic.
spread
comparison betweencarcinoma and sarcoma
malignantspread
local
distant
lymphaticlymphatic embolism
lymphatic permeation
blood
mech
course of tumor emboli
organ metastasis
trans-coelomicsite
implantation
metastaticcascade
invasionECM
detachment of tumorcell from each other
attachment to matrixcomponents
degradation of ECM
migration of tumor cell
vascular dissemination andhoming of tumor cell
grading of tumor
staging of tumor
prognosis of malignant tumor
Malignant Tumor.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet
Malignant Tumor (II)
Malignantepithelial tumor
carcinoma ofsurface epi.
squamous cell carcinomatransitional cell carcinoam
carcinoma ofglandular origin
adenocarcinoma
mucin secreting carcinomacarcinoma simplex
Malignantmesenchymal tumor
liposarcoma
fibrosarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
embryonalpleomorphic
alveolar
locally malignant tumor basal cell carcinoma
Malignant Tumor (II).mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet
Other tumor
miscellaneoustumor
pigmentedtumor
nevocellular navi
congenital nevi
malignantmelanoma
lateral growthphase
vertical growthphase
teratoma
mature benign
immature malignant
monodermal"specialized" teratoma
embryonic tumor
effect of tumor on host
local effect
hormone production
cancer cachexia
paraneoplastic syndrome
precancerous lesion
aetiologyof cancer
co-carcinogens
carcinogens
chemical
radiation
viralDNA
RNA
hormones
tumor genesis
multistep theory
theory of genetic mutation
failure of immune surveillance
viral oncogenesis
Other tumor.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet
Vitamindeficiency
fatsolublevitamin
vit A def.
eyes
skin
trachea and bronchi
renal pelvis
vit D def.ricketsosteomalacia
vit E def.
vit K def.
watersolublevitamins
vit. Bcomplex
thiamine(vit B1)
dry beri-beri
wt beri-beri
wernicke-korsakoffsyndrome
riboflavin (vit B2)
niacin pellagra
folic acid
cobalamin (vit B12)
vit C (ascorbic acid)scurvy
Vitamin deficiency.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet
Environmentaldisease
Airpollution
indoors
outdoors
sulfur oxide
nitrogen oxide
CO
CO2volatile organic compound
particulate matter
persistent free radicals
toxic metalsCFC
ammonia
radioactive pollutans
effectspneumoconiosis
Radiation
source
types
non ionizing
ionizingdirect effectindirect effect
effect onspecific tissue
skin
GIT
testis and oarylungs
blood and lymph
bone
other organlong term effect
radiation-induced neoplasm
radiosensitivity of tumor
Tobaccosmoking
CVSatherosclerosis
myocardial infarction
lung
chronic bronchitis
emphysemabronchogenic carcinoma
GIT
pregnancy
Environmental disease.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet
Heart (I)
rheumaticfever
predisposing factor
etiology and pathogenesis
pathologic process
exudative
proliferative
healing
organ
heart
myocarditis
endocarditis
pericarditis
joints
skin
brain (syndenham chorea)
blood vessel
clinical manifestation
complications
endocarditis
acute bacterial endocarditis
subacute bacterial endocarditis
differences between rheumatic,acute and subacute endocaridits
valvular disease
mitral stenosis
mitral incompetence
mitral valve prolapse
aortic incompetence
aortic stenosis
pulmonary stenosis
ischemicheartdisease
causes
dec. coronary blood flow
dec. O2 transport
inc. myocardial demend
manifestation
angina pectoris
stable
unstable
variant angina
myocardialinfarction
risk factor
acute coronaryocclusion
causes
sites
pathogenesis
pathology
complications
hypertensiveheart disease
systemic hypertension
pulmonary hypertension(cor pulmonale)
acute
chronic
Heart (I).mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet
Heart (II)
myocardialdisease
myocarditis
causesinfections
non-infections
picture
gross
mic
viralbacterial
trichinosishypersensitivity
cardiomyopathy (CMP)
congestive (CMP)hypertrophic CMPrestrictive CMP
congenitalheartdisease
acyanoticgroup
ventricular septal defect (VSD)arterial septaldefect (ASD)
ostium primum defect
ostium secundum defectpatent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
coarctationof aorta
preductal coarctation
post-ductal coarctation
cyanoticgroup
transposition ofgreat vessels
common form
corrected transposition
Fallot tetralogy Subtopic
malpositionof heart
ectopia cardia
dextrocardia
pericardialdisease
pericarditis
acute
chronicadhesive
constrictive
pericardial effusion
serouschylous
hemopericardium
heart failureacute
chronic(congestive)
left side HFright side HF
cardiac tumor
myxoma
lipoma
rhabdomyoma
papillary fibroelastoma
Heart (II).mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet
Blood vessel
arteriosclerosis
atherosclerosis(atheroma)
risk factor
pathogenesis
complications
medial calcification(Monkeberg's medial sclerosis)
arteriolosclerosis (diffusehyperplastic sclerosis)
bening
malignant
hypertension essential
benigncardiac lesion
kidney lesion
malignant kidney lesion
secondary
aneurysm
according to naturetrue
false
according to shape
saccular
fusiform
dissecting
according to cause
true
athersclerotic
syphilitic
dissecting
mycotic
congenital
falsesimple
cirsoid
complications
varicose veins
vasculitispolyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Takayasu's arteritis
Thromboangitis obliterans
tumors
capillary hemangioma
cavernous hemangioma
glomus tumor
angiosarcoma
Kaposi'ssarcoma
classic/European
African
transplant associated
AIDS associated
disease oflymphatics
lymphangitis
lymphedema
Blood vessel.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet
Upperrespiratory tract
nose andparanasalsinuses
rhinosinusitis
acute
allergic
non-allergic
infections
viralbacterialfungal
non-infections
allergicvasomotoroccupationalhormonaldrug-induced
chronic
chronicspecific Rhinoscleroma
cellular phasefibrotic phasecomplications
chronicnon-specific
chronicatropic
primary atrophicsecondary atrophic
chronic hypertrophic
nasal polyp
tumors
benignepithelial : papilloma, mixed salivary glands tumormesenchymal : osteoma, chondroma,fibroma, hemangioma
malignant
epi : trans. & SCC, malignant mixedsalivary gland tumormesenchymal : sarcoma, malignant lymphoma
epistaxis
nasopharynx
inflammation
acute nasopharyngitischronic nasopharyngitisadenoids
tumors
benignepithelialmesenchymal
malignantepithelialmesenchymal
pharynx
inflammationtonsilitis
acute
acute catarrhal tonsilitsacute follicular tonsilitis
membranous tonsilitis
chronicchronic non-specific
chronic specific
tumor
epithelial : squamous cellpapilloma,carcinomamesenchymal : lymphoma
ulcer of tonsil
larynx
inflammationlaryngitis
acutechronic
tumor
benignsquamous cell papilloma
fibroma, hemangioma, chodroma
malignantlaryngeal carcinoma
causes of hoarseness of voice
earinflammationacute suppurative otitis media
chronic suppurative otitis media
Upper respiratory tract.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet
LowerRespiratory Tract
congenitalanomalies
trachea and bronchi acute trachebronchitis
pleura disease
pleurisy
pleural effusion
inflammatory exudatetransudate
hemothorax
chylothoraxpneumothorax
empyema
tumorbenign solitary fibrous tumor
malignant mesothalioma
atelectasis(collapse)
congenital
acquired
resorptioncompression
contraction
acute resp. distress syndrome (ARDS)
pulmonary embolism,hemorrhage and infarction
pulmonary hypertension
chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease (COPD)
emphysema
centriacinarpanacinar
paraeptalirregular
chronic bronchitis
bronchial asthma
intrinsic
extrinsic
drug-inducedoccupational
aspergillosis
bronchiectasis
pneumonia
lobar pneumonia
bronchopneumonia
primary atypical pneumonia
lipoid pneumonia
lung abscess
lungtumor
benign
epi : SCP, cystadenoma, benign clear cellmesodermal : angioma, chondroma,neurofibroma, lipoma, fibroma, leiomyoma
locally malignant : bronchial adenoma(bronchial carcinoid)
malignantprimary
location : central, peripheral, diffuse
predominanthistologic pattern
SCC
adenocarcinomasmall cell carcinoma
large cell carcinomasecondary
tumor like lesion : teratoma, hamartoma
hemoptysis
Lower Respiratory Tract.mmap - 24/6/2011 - Mindjet
GIT (I)
Mouth
inflammationLeukoplakia
tumorssquamous cell carcinoma
ulcer of tongue
dental
dyspeptic
TB
syphilitic
malignant
salivaryglands
sialoadenitis
sialothiasis
tumor
benign
pleomorphic adenoma
Warthin's tumor
oxyphilic adenoma
monomorphic adenoma
malignant
malignant mixed tumor
mucoepidermoid adenoma
squamous cell carcinoma
adenoid cystic carcinoma
oesophagus
congenitalanomalies
atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula
congenital shortness
heterotopic gastric mucosa
rings and webs
esophagealdiverticula
Pulsion (Zenker's) diverticulum
Traction diverticulum
inflammationesophagitis
refluxBarrets esophagus
infectious
iatrogenic
corrosive
achalasia
varices
lacerationsMallory Weiss syndrome
ulcers
dysphagia
tumor
polyp
benign
malginantcarcinoma
stomach
congenitalanomalies
congenital pyloric stenosis
heterotopia (ectopic rests)
diaphragmatic hernia
inflammation(gastritis)
acute gastritis
chronicgastritis
pathogenesisH.pylori bacilli
autoimmune gastritis
diff.between
chronic superficial gastritis
chronic atropic gastritis
peptic ulcer
tumorbenign
gastricpolyps
hyperplastic polyp
adenomatous polyps
malignantcancer stomach
GIT (I).mmap - 26/6/2011 - Mindjet
GIT (II)
largeintestine
congenital anomaliesmegacolon
congenital
acquired
inflammation
bacillary dysenteryamebic dysenterydifferences.
appendix
appendicitisacutechronic
mucoceletumors
diverticula
intestinalobstruction
acute
mechanical obs.
simplestarngulated hernia
volvolusintussusception
functional (nervous) obs.
vascular obs.chronic
tumors
non-neoplasticpolyps
hyperplastic
hamartomatousjuvenile polypsPeutz-Jeghers polyp
lymphoid polypsinflammatory and bilharzial polyp
neoplasticpolyps
adenoma
tubular adenomavillous adenoma
tubulo-villousadenoma
Familial Polyposis Coli(FPC); AdenomatousPolyposis Coli (APC)Gardner's syndrome
Turcot's syndrome
carcinoma stagingT.N.M staging
modified Duke's staging :Astler-Coller modification
smallintestine
congenitalanomalies
atresia
stenosisdiverticula
heterotopic pancreatic tissue
ishemic boweldisease
transmural infarctionmucosal and mural infarction
inflammatory boweldisease (IBD)
non-infectious
infectious
idiopathic
Ulcerative colitisCrohn's disease
comparison
Typhoid fever
malabsorptionsyndrome
Celiac diseaseTropical sprue
tumor
benignadenoma
leiomyoma, lymphoma, lipoma
locally malignantcarcinoid tumor
peritonium
septic peritonitis
ascitis
tumorprimarybenign, malignant
secondary (metastasis)
GIT bleedinghematemesis
melena
bleeding per rectum
GIT (II).mmap - 26/6/2011 - Mindjet
Liver
hepatic degeneration andcellular accumulation
hepaticcell death
apoptosis
coagulative(ischemic) necrosis
focal necrosiszonal necrosis
diffuse necrosis
acute yellow atrophy
acute viral hepatitis hepatitis virusA, B, C, D, E
fulminant hepatitis chronic hepatitis
cirrhosis
etiological
primary (cryptogenic)
secondarycirrhosis
portalbiliary
cardiac
metabolic disorder
syphilitic
phological
micronodular
macronodular
mixed
types
Laennec's cirrhosis
Biliary cirrhosisprimary
secondaryportal hypertension
JaundiceHemolytic jaundice
hepatocellular jaundice
obstructive jaundice
Hepatic suppuration(liver abscess)
solitary
multiple
hepatic cyst
tumorprimary
benign
malignant
hepatocellularcarcinoma
hepatoblastoma
secondary (liver metastasis)
hepatomegaly
inflammation
degenerative
vascular disorder
metabolic disorder
blood disease
malignant disease
hepatic failure
Liver.mmap - 26/6/2011 - Mindjet
Gall Bladder andExocrine Pancreas
Gallbladder
Cholecystitisacutechronic
mucocele (hydrops)
cholestrolosis
cholelithiasis(gall stones)
metabolic (pure)mixed
cimbinedcalcium carbonate
tumors
benign
malignant carcinoma of gall bladder
exocrinepancreas
acute hemorrhagicpancreatitis
acute intestinal pancreatitisacute necrotizing pancreatitisacute hemorrhagic pancreatitis
chronic pancreatitis
carcinoma
Gall Bladder and Exocrine Pancreas.mmap - 26/6/2011 - Mindjet
Kidney
congenitalanomalies
polycystic kidney diseaseadult type
childhood type
glomerulardisease
pathogenesis
In situ immunecomplexdeposition
anti-glomerular basementmembrane (BM) nephritis
Heymann nephritis (membranousglomerulonephritis)
antibodies against planted,non-glomerular, antigen
circulating immune complex
otherepithelial cell injury
Subtopic
mediatorsantibody deposition
T-cell immune reaction
morphological patternof response
hypercellularity
basement membrane thickening
hyalinization and sclerosis
additional alterations
clinical presentation
nephritic syndrome
nephrotic syndrome
Subtopic
clinicopathologicalclass.
acute proliferative GN
rapidly progressive (cresenteric) GN
minimal change disease (Lipoid nephrosis)
membranous GN
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
membrano-proliferative GN
Lupus nephritis
chronic GN
disease ofrenal tubulesacute tubular
necrosis (ATN)
causes ofoliguria in ATN
tubular damage
direct effect of toxin
disease ofrenal bloofvessel
atherosclerotic (senile) kidney
arteriolosclerotic kidneybenign nephrosclerosis
malignant nephrosclerosis
disease of renalinterstitial tissuepyelonephritis
acute
chronic
urinary tract obs.hydronephrosis
pyonephrosis
renal stonesprimary stones
secondary (infected) stones
tumors
renal pelvisbenign, malignant
kidney
benign, malignant
renal cell carcinoma(hypernephroma)
clear cell, non papillary
papillary
chromophobe
nephroblastoma (Wilm's tumor)
disease ofurinary bladder
cystitis
tumors
benign
malignantcarcinoma ofurinary bladder
Kidney.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet
Male genitalsystem
penis
congenital anomalies
inflammation
tumors
benign condyloma acumiratum
malignant squamous cell carcinoma
testis andepididymis
congenitalanomalies
cryptorchidism
inflammation
tumor
germ celltumor
seminomateratomaembryonal carcinoma
yolk sac tumorchoriocarcinoma
sex cordstromal tumor
Leydig (interstitial) tumor
Sertoli cell tumor
prostate
inflammationacute prostatitis
chronic prostatitis
nodular prostatic hyperplasia
adenocarcinomaof prostate
grading andstaging
scrotal cystic lesion
hydrocele
hematocele
chylocele
varicocele
spermatocele
Male genital system.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet
Female genitalsystem
pelvic inflammatory diseasegonorrhea
puerperal sepsis
cervix
inflammationacute cervicitis
chronic cervicitis
tumors
benign squmous intra-epithelial lesion (SIEL)
malignant squamous cell carcinoma
body ofuterus
endometrium
abnormal uterine bleeding
menorrhagia
metrorrhagia
polymenorrhea
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
uterine bleeding due to organic disease
endometrial hyperplasia
simple
complex
complex with atypia
endometriosisendometriosis interna
endometriosis externa
tumor
benign
endometrial polyp
stromal nodule
other tumor
malignant
carcinoma
typenon-estrogen related type
estrogen related type
endometriod adenocarcinoma
endometriod carcinoma containsquamous epithelium
sarcoma
low grade stromal sarcoma
high grade stromal sarcoma
mixed epithelialmesenchymal tumors
adeno-fibroma
carcino-sarcoma
myometriumtumor
benign leiomyoma
malignant leiomyosarcoma
ovaries
cystnon-neoplastic
cyst offollicularorigin
follicular cyst
theca lutein cyst
polycystic ovarian disease
corpus luteum disease
inclusion cyst
endometriosis cyst
inflammatory cyst
neoplasticSubtopic
tumor
derived fromsurface epithelium
mucinous
benign
borderline
malignant
serous
benign
atypically proliferating
malignant
endometrioid
transitional cell tumor
sex cord stromal origin
granulosa cell tumor
theca cell tumor
fibroma
sertoli-stromal cell tumor
gynadroblastoma
germ cell origin
dysgerminoma
teratoma
endodermal sinus tumor
ovarian choriocarcinoma
mixed germ cell tumor
metastaticKrukenberg tumor
placenta
gestational trophoblastic disease
hydatiform mole (vesicular mole)complete mole
partial hydatiform mole
invasive mole
placental site throphoblastic tumor
ectopic pregnancy
Female genital system.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet
Female breast
inflammation
acute mastitis
chronic mastitis
fat necrosis
mammary duct ectasia
benign
non-proliferative breast change(mammary fibrocystic change)
proliferative breast disease without atypia
proliferative breast lesion with atypia
tumor
epithelial tumor
stromaltumor
benignfibroadenomaPhylloides tumor
malignantbreastcarcinoma
non-invasivecarcinoma (CIS)
ductal CISlobular CIS
invasive breast carcinomacolloid (mucinous) carcinomamedullary carcinomatubular carcinoma
spread
staging system
male breastgynecomastia
carcinomaFemale breast.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet
Endocrine
pituitarygland lesion
ant. pituitary(adenohypophysis)
hyperpituitarism
hypopituitarism
post. pituitary(neurohypophysis)
diabetes insipidus
tumors
adenomas
prolactinomas
growth hormone producing adenomas
corticotroph cell adenomas
thyrotroph
null cell adenomas
carcinoma
metastatic tumor
thyroidglandlesion
hyperthyroidism(thyrotoxicosis)
primary
Graves disease
toxic multinodular goiter
toxic adenoma
secondary
hypothyroidismprimary
secondary
thyoriditis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Giant cell thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis)
subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis
Riedel's thyroiditis
tumor
benign follicular adenoma
malignant
papillary adenocarcinoma
follicular adenocarcinomaanaplastic adenocarcinoma
medullary carcinoma
parathyroidhyperparathyroidism
primary
secondary
tertiary
hypoparathyroidism
adrenalgland
hyperfunction
Cushing's syndrome
Conn's syndrome
adrenogenital syndrome
tumor ofadrenal cortex
adenoma of adrenal cortex
carcinoma of adrenal cortex
hypofunctionacute adrenal insufficiency
Addison disease
tumor of adrenalmedulla
neuroblastoma
ganglioneuroma
pheochromocytoma
Diabetes Mellitus
Endocrine.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet
Bone
congenitalbone disease
dysostoses
bonedysplasia
osteogenesis imperfecta(brittle bone disease)osteopetrosis(marble bonedisease)
infantile (malignant)adult (benign)
achondroplasia
acquired
osteoporosis
rickets and osteomalacia
osteitis fibrosa cystica
Paget disease (osteitis deformans)
fibrous dysplasia
infections(osteomyelitis)
acute pyogenic
chronictumors
osteoblastic (bone forming) tumor
osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma
osteosarcoma
chondromatoustumor
osteochondroma (exostosis)chondroma (enchondroma)
chondrosarcoma
giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)
multiple myeloma
jointsarthritis
acute
traumaticrheumatic
suppurativegonorrheal
chronic
inflammatorymetabolic
neuropathic
autoimmuneRheumatoidarthritis
degenarativeosteoarthritis
tumor
pigmented villonodular synovitis andgiant cell tumor of tendon sheath
malignant synovioma
Bone.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet
Blood and lymph
anemia
acute post hemorrhagic anemia
hemolyticanemia
hereditary abnormalityin red cells
hereditary spherocytosis
hereditary hemoglobinopathies
G6PD deficiency
presenceof red cellantibodies
erythroblastosis fetalis
acquired hemolytic anemia
anemiadue toimpairmentred cellproduction
due to bonemarrowhypofunction
aplasticanemia
myelophthisicanemia
iron deficiency anemia
pernicious anemia
polycythemiaprimary
secondary
leucocytosis
neutrophilic
eosinophilia
lymphocytosis
monocytosis
leucopenia
agranulocytosis
leukemia
acute
chronic
chronicmyeloidleukemia
chroniclymphaticleukemia
hemorrhagicblood disease
thrombocytopeniaprimary
secondary
hemophilia
purpura
Blood and lymph.mmap - 27/6/2011 - Mindjet
Lymph nodesand spleen
Reactivelymphadenitis
acute non-specific lymphadenitis
chronic non-specificlymphadenitis
follicular hyperplasiaparacortical lymphoid hyperplasiasinus histocytosis
chronic specific lymphadenitis
infectious mononucleosis
tumor primarylymphomas
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Non-hodgkin'slymphomas
follicular (nodular) lymphomassmall lymphocytic lymphoma
diffuse large B-cell lymphomalymphoblastic lymphomaBurkitt's lymphoma
leukemias
secondary
lymphadenopathy
spelonmegaly
Lymph nodes and spleen.mmap - 28/6/2011 - Mindjet
Nervous system
congenital disorder
increase ICP
hydrocephalusobstructive
communicating
cerebroavasculardisease
intracerebral hemorrhage
cerebralaneurysms
congenital berrymycoticatheroscleroticarterio-venous
cerebral infarction
CNStrauma
skull fracture
parenchymal injuriesconcussioncontusion and lacerations
traumatic vascular disease
epidural hematomasubdural hemorrhagesubarachnoid hemorrhageintracerebral hemorrhagepetechial hemorrhage
infectionsmeningitis
acute pyogenic (bacterial)acute lymphatic
granulomatous
CNS parenchymal infectionscerebritis
cerebral abscess
tumors
special character
effects
classification
neuroglialcells
gliomas
astrocytomasgemistocytic
juvenile pilocyticglioblastoma multiforme
oligondendrogliomaependymomas
neuronaltumor
gangliogliomagangliocytoma
neurocytoma
embryonaltumor
medulloblastomaperipheral neuronal tumor
meningealmeningiomas
spinal cordcranial and peripheralnerve sheath
neurofibromaschwannoma
Nervous system.mmap - 28/6/2011 - Mindjet
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