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PASSIVE TRANSPORT
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OBJECTIVES:
To explain and describe diffusion.
To differentiate three types of solutions:
a. ) 10% NACL
b. ) 0.9 % NACL
c.) DISTILLED WATERTo define hemolysis, osmolality and tonicity.
To differentiate osmotic from oncotic pressure.
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METHODOLOGY:
1 drop 0.9% NaCl 1 drop 10% NaCl 1 drop distilled
H20
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CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT TYPES
OF TRANSPORT
TYPE ELECTRO-
CHEMIC
AL
GRADIEN
T
CARRIER-MEDIATED
METABOLIC ENERGY
NAGRADIENT
INHIBITIONOF NA-K-
PUMP
SIMPLE
DIFFUSION
DOWNHILL NO NO NO
FACILITATED
DIFFUSION
DOWNHILL YES NO NO
PRIMARY
ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
UPHILL YES YES INHIBITS (IF
Na-K PUMP
INVOLVED)
COTRANSPORT UPHILL YES INDIRECT YES, SAME
DIRECTION
INHIBITS
COUNTER
TRANSPORT
UPHILL YES INDIRECT YES,
OPPOSITE
DIRECTION
INHIBITS
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DIFFUSION
THE PROCESS BY WHICH
MOLECULES MOVE
SPONTANEOUSLY FROM AN AREA
OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TOONE OF LOW CONCENTRATION.
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TYPES OF SOLUTIONS:
10% NaCL 0.9% NaCl Distilled Water
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HEMOLYSIS
The destruction of red blood cells, withsubsequent release of hemoglobin
RESULT IN SLIDE: DISTILLED WATER- The cell swell and may burst (lysis)
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OSMOTIC PRESSURE
ONCOTIC PRESSURE- Osmotic pressure
generated by large
molecules in
solutions.
- The exact amount of
pressure required to
stop osmosis.
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OSMOLALITY
Is the osmotic pressure
generated by the dissolve
solute molecules in one
kilogram of solvent.
Osm/ kg H2O or Osmol/kg
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OSMOLES
unit of measurement that describesthe number of moles of a
compound that contribute to the
osmotic pressure of a chemical
solution.
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TOTAL OSMOLALITY
EFFECTIVE OSMOLE
- can not freely permeate cell
membranes and are restricted
to either extra or intra cellular
fluid compartmentsINEFFECTIVE OSMOLE
-contribute to total
osmolaity but not to
tonicity.
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TONICITY
measure of effective osmolarity .equal to the sum of the concentrations of the
solutes which have the capacity to exert an osmotic
force across that membrane.
depends on solute permeability. TONICITY OSMOTIC PRESSURE
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OSMOLALITY AND TONICITY: RELATIONSHIP TO
MEMBRANE
Osmolality - property of a particular solution
- independent of any membrane
Tonicity - property of a solution in reference to a particular membrane
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BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION:
HYPERTONIC- solution with a higher solute concentration
compared with another solution
HYPOTONIC – solution with lower solute concentration
compared with another solution.
ISOTONIC - fluid with an equal concentration to another
fluid; water can diffuse equally both in and out of the cell.
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CLASSIFIED IN THREE RANGES:
1. HYPOTONICITY
SWELL
2. ISOTONICITY
NO CHANGE
2. HYPERTONICITY
SHRINK
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TYPE OF SOLUTIONS
ISOTONIC HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC
NSSLR
D5W
NSS D5NSD5 ½ NS
D5LR
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A patient is severely dehydrated with low blood
pressure. What us the ideal fluid for initial
replacement? WHY?
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