Partecipatory processes for forest planning and management models: considerations and ideas
Arenzano 27-10-2011
Roberto Gianoglio
Forest planning: from Colbert to Lisbona
Participation and responsabilities
Forest planning and management: some hints
PRESENTATION STRUCTURE
FOREST PLANNINGFROM COLBERT TO LISBONA
Up to mid 19th Century…
Jean Baptiste ColbertIl consiglio dei 10
(francesco Hayez)
Heinrich Cotta
After the First World War…
Less interest in firewoodLess interest in timberPeople abandoning marginal areas and moving into urban areas
FOREST PLANNINGFROM COLBERT TO LISBONA
HIGH PLANNINGLOW FORESTRY MANAGEMENT
SUSTAINABLE FOREST PLANNINGFROM COLBERT TO LISBONA
Enviromental sustainability Economical sustainability Social sustainability
20th Century:
Third Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe Annex 2 of the 2-4 June 1998, Lisbon/Portugal
Maintenance and appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to global carbon cycles;
Maintenance of forest ecosystem health and vitality Maintenance and encouragement of productive functions of forests (wood
and non wood) Maintenance, conservation and appropriate enhancement of biological
diversity in forest ecosystems Maintenance and appropriate enhancement of protective functions in forest management (notably soil and water) Maintenance of other socio-economic functions and conditions
PARTICIPATION AND RESPONSIBILITIESFROM PLANNING TO MANAGEMENT
Participatory processes for forest planning, a long way…
1. Legitimation1. Institutional2. Real
2. Public participation
3. Players identification, animation and mobilization
4. Something to be decided…1. Need for top-down decisions2. Need for freedom to operate 3. Need for concrete and relevant problems to be solved
What is the aim of a participatory forest planning?
Players identification
Conflict minimitazion
PARTICIPATION AND RESPONSIBILITIESFROM PLANNING TO MANAGEMENT
Management Unit increase
Management Unit diversification
Strategy identification
Shared infrastructural need definition
Application of a management model
Associations fostering
PARTICIPATION AND RESPONSIBILITIESFROM PLANNING TO MANAGEMENT
Sabotage of participatory forest planning…
I know something you don’t know (asimmetria informativa - AI)
Didn’t tell you? o I would never have said that! (negazione del problema dell’AI)
Whoops I forgot! (sottovalutazione dell’AI)
The sinergy of an holistic approach (parlare chiaro)
Under new management o I have to check it with my boss (scaricare la responsabilità)
Rule maker - rule breaker (affermare un diritto di cambiare/adattare le regole a proprio piacimento in quanto gestore del processo)
I’ve changed my mind (cambiare/adattare le regole senza consenso)
I never changed my mind (mancanza di flessibilità)
Remote control (processo decisionale percepito come etero-diretto)
I quit (se il processo non va nella direzione che voglio, abbandono il tavolo)
(P.Michtell-Banks, 2004)
FOREST PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT: SOME HINTSFROM PLANNING TO MANAGEMENT
No active management can exist without economic interest.No/Few forest public services (protective function, C-sink, …) can exist without active management.
Local economic system important but often not really “clear”
Guarantees the conservation of resources but is not a real business
Interesting way for farmers to integrate their work and their capital
FOREST PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT: SOME HINTSFROM PLANNING TO MANAGEMENT
01 Management of small areas: coppicing (active but not continuous management)
Proper forest sector:
Availability of human resources and capital goods
Business development activities
Long term strategy plans
Competitive on the market
FOREST PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT: SOME HINTSFROM PLANNING TO MANAGEMENT
02 Management of large woodlands(active and continuous management)
In Italy…
40% of woodlands are public More than 95% of forests are under some constrain Forest area has constantly grown starting from 40s (+7%) Mean forest utilization is 1,2 mc/ha/y The presence of a strong, well-structured and organized
agricultural sector often impedes a new forest sector to grow
The forest sector impact on GDP is about 0.05% !
Forest associations are extremely limited
FOREST PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT: SOME HINTSFROM PLANNING TO MANAGEMENT
FOREST PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT: SOME HINTSFROM PLANNING TO MANAGEMENT
and in Liguria Region*…
387.170 Ha of woodlands (71,5% of total) 64% of forest are coppices (of which 36% aged) 30,2% of chestnut forest 87% of forest area is privately owned 61% of forest area is situated in areas with >40% slope Serious problem of forest fires and plant health conditions not
optimal* Report on state of forest 2010 – Regione Liguria
• Simple plans for incisive actions
Excessive overlap of complex planning tools does not help the realization of the planned actions; plans must be simple, concise and operative
Starting from simple actions and self-closing mechanisms to generate virtuous systems and overcome private owners resistance
• External resources:
From concessions for hydroelectric or irrigation use of public waters
From muschrooming fees
From hunting
• Management models: appropriate size for active and continuous management
Maximize the possibilities of creating stable employment (1-2 jobs every 800-000 ha of forest production management)
Promote the associations in any possible way
FOREST PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT: SOME HINTS1
By providing services:
Wood selling by pubblic auction
Free advice on public register
Speed up of authorization process
Access to goverment grants
FOREST PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT: SOME HINTS2
By implementing disincentive policies
No-use tax ?
Reiterability of use for public utility
Coercive forms of association ?
• Involve private landowners and firms in planning but also in management
• Public policies
Promotion of inclusive decision-making processes must be sustained and addressed to implementation of models of strategic management of the resources
Maximization of wood use in public works through ad hoc price- list items
Direct the production of energy from forest biomass (Think about chains!)
Natural resources maangement is a political matter! It must be dealt with policy instruments
Harmonization and regulatory simplification
FOREST PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT: SOME HINTS3
CONCLUSION
The application of participatory approaches to forest planning can be an important added value to the sustainable management of forest resources.
The best way to put in action this contribution is to make it a starting point to identify the right management strategy.
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