Oxygen Transport Systems Integration of Ventilation, Cardiac,
and Circulatory Functions
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Cardiovascular Function transportation of O 2 and CO 2
transportation of nutrients/waste products distribution of hormones
thermoregulation maintenance of blood pressure
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Long Refractory Period in Cardiac Muscle Prevents Tetany
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Cardiac Fibers Develop Graded Tension Frank-Starling Law of the
Heart graded Ca 2+ release from SR dependent on Ca 2+ influx
through DHP channels
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Autorhythmic cells depolarize spontaneously leaky membrane SA
and AV node
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Central command input and output Group III
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Cardiac output affected by: 1.preload end diastolic pressure
(amount of myocardial stretch) affected by venous return
2.afterload resistance blood encounters as it leaves ventricles
affected by arterial BP 3.contractility strength of cardiac
contraction 4.heart rate
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Mechanisms affecting HR VO 2 = HR SV (a-v O 2 ) Sinoatrial node
is pacemaker for heart spontaneously depolarizes leakiness to Na +
influenced by autonomic NS training down-regulates -adrenergic
system causing bradycardia
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Cardiac Output Regulation Extrinsic control autonomic nervous
system sympathetic NS (1 control at HR >100 bpm) parasympathetic
NS (1 control at HR