Download - OWJ100103 WCDMA Base Station System Planning

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ISSUEISSUE

WCDMA Base StationWCDMA Base Station

System PlanningSystem Planning1.01.0



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Course Objective

Know the notes for the co-existence of

multiple systems.

Familarize the principles for BS site

selection.Familarize the principles for antenna

selection and installation.

Know the causes of call breathing and pilot

polution and the related solutions.Know the evolution and capacity expandion

of the network.

After this session, you will:




Contents of Course

raining.huawei.com

Chapter 1 Multi-system Coexistence Planning

Chapter 2 BS Site Selection

Chapter 3 Antenna ee!er Syste" #esi$n

Chapter % &ilot &ollution an! Cell Breathin$

Chapter ' (etwor) E*olution an! Capacity

E+pansion Sche"e





1 Inter-system Interference1 Inter-system Interference

2 Intersyste" Isolation -euire"ents

3 2/3/ Colocate! Site




Inter-system Interference Spurious ra!iationSpurious ra!iation !he spurious noise generated during the

modulation and the non-linear noise generated during thetransmission.

Inter"o!ulation pro!uctInter"o!ulation pro!uct !"nter-modulation caused by

harmonic wave and parasitic wave.

#ctive$ he non-linear part of the active component. "t

can be filtered out by the device.

%assive$ he non-linear part of the passive component.

"t cannot be filtered out by the device.

-ecei*er loc)-ecei*er loc) !&aused by the carrier power of a differentsystem.

ther EC prole"sther EC prole"s ! Feeder' antenna' transimtter' and

receiver.




Inter-system Interference

4ey points4ey points

Interference of the !ownstrea" spurious noise on the 5C#A BS

Interference of the 6#SC#A upstrea" si$nal on the 5C#A BS

Colocate! BS of 5C#A an! /SColocate! BS of 5C#A an! /S

Effecti*ely control the "utual interference of 5C#A an! /S

syste"s

a)e full use of the le$acy resources

Interference prole" with the !eploy"ent of 5C#A networ)


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1 Intersyste" Interference1 Intersyste" Interference

2 Inter-system Isolation Requirements

3 2/3/ Colocate! Site



Isolation Requirements

or e+a"ple:or e+a"ple: "f the transmit power of a ()S BS is *+ dBm' the block of

the BS can be avoided only when the acceptable maximum inbandinterference level is -, dBm.

/S 700 /S 1800 U6S

-ecei*e an! 9U; /0 1 /, )2z ,3,0 1 ,3 )2z ,/40 1 ,/0 )2z

6rans"it an! 9#; /+ 1 /50 )2z ,0 1 ,0 )2z 4,,0 1 4,30 )2z

6&S,00 7x6&S,00 7x 6&S,00 x6&S,00 x 8&6)# 7x8&6)# 7x 8&6)# x8&6)# x

1<10h=1<10h= 1<8'h=1<8'h= 180'h=180'h= 1880h=1880h= 1720h=1720h= 1780h=1780h= 2110h=2110h= 21<0h=21<0h=



ypical Isolation Requirements

-euire! Isolation

Ite"

/S 700 /S 1800to U6S

-+

U6S 6+ to/S 700

-+

U6S 6+ to/S 1800

-+

U6S 6+to U6S

-+

Bloc) isolation dB *0 dB * dB 5+ dB

SpuriousnoiseInter"o!ulation

pro!uct

+/ dB +* dB +* dB +/ dB



Isolation Measures

Isolation are $uarantee! in !ifferent ways

!uple+er !uple+er

filter filter

1.1. Antenna selection an!Antenna selection an!

antenna location !esi$nantenna location !esi$n

2. ilterin$ out interference2. ilterin$ out interference

si$nal throu$h a filter si$nal throu$h a filter

3. In case of colocate! fee!er, usin$3. In case of colocate! fee!er, usin$

!uple+ertriple+er > roa!an! antenna!uple+ertriple+er > roa!an! antenna






3 2G/3G Co-locate !ite



!"#$" Co-locate% &ite

6he /S an! C#A site resources in the le$acy syste"6he /S an! C#A site resources in the le$acy syste"

shoul! e fully reference! an! use! in the 3/ networ).shoul! e fully reference! an! use! in the 3/ networ).

Site colocation helps to re!uce the nu"er of sites an!

"a)e full use of resources such as euip"ent, tower, an!

rooftop, thus re!ucin$ site cost an! i"pro*in$ the

!eploy"ent efficiency of 3/ networ).

Site colocation "ini"i=es the intersyste" interference an!

"a)es the interference controllale.



!"#$" Co-locate% &iteShare! ite"s: euip"ent roo", tower, antenna,

fee!er, trans"ission euip"ent, power supplyan! stora$e attery, air con!itioner, an! so on.

Bias6 Bias6

#iple+er #iple+er

3 ? A

3 ? A

Bias6

Bias6

8&6)#9odeB

:S)

BS

Iu

AisIu

6oro"BSC-(C

#iple+er

#iple+er

&wr








Co-locate "o#er$ %ntenna Pole$Co-locate "o#er$ %ntenna Pole$

an Rooftopan Rooftop




Co-locate% o'er( )ntenna Pole( an% Rooftop

If the 5C#A an! /S700#CS1800 share the tower,

antenna, or rooftop, the "a@or prole" lies in the inter

syste" interference.

6he interference inclu!es the interference of the 5C#A on

/S700#CS1800 an! that of the /S700#SC1800 on

5C#A.





Interference in case of colocate! tower,Interference in case of colocate! tower,

antenna pole, an! rooftopantenna pole, an! rooftop





Isolation reuire"ents for !ifferent interferenceIsolation reuire"ents for !ifferent interference$

he interference of the :S);6&S on the 8&6)# re<uires special

attention in the anti-interference solution.

-euire! isolation

Ite"

/S 700 /S 1800to U6S

-+

U6S 6+ to/S 700

-+

U6S 6+ to/S 1800

-+

U6S 6+to U6S

-+

Bloc) isolation dB *0 dB * dB 5+ dB

SpuriousnoiseInter"o!ulation

pro!uct

+/ dB +* dB +* dB +/ dB








%&antages of co-feeer %&antages of co-feeer




Co-fee%er

A!*anta$es of cofee!er A!*anta$es of cofee!er

he legacy feeder is used' simplified the construction andreduces the cost

"f the antenna isolation does not meet the re<uirement' co-feeder

= multiplexer can be used

#isa!*anta$es of cofee!er #isa!*anta$es of cofee!er he multiplexing filters of the new system are connected with

those of the legacy system' which somewhat affects the legacy

network.

"t is impossible to implement inter-system isolation through

antenna isolation. "f the re<uirement on the inter-system isolation

is high' additional filters are needed between the multiplexing

filter and the BS.




Implementation of Co-fee%er

Isolation '0!B Isolation '0!B

Colocate! fee!er of 5C#A an! /S7000

8&6)#:S)

)#

:S) 8&6)#

6uplex filter >#?&ombinable

&olocated feeder

8&6)#:S)

:S) 8&6)#

@ptional)#

6uplex filter >#?

6uplex filter >#?

&olocated feeder

Filter >#?

6uplex filter >#?




Co-transmissionCo-transmission

At the early sta$e of 5C#A construction, /S pro*i!esAt the early sta$e of 5C#A construction, /S pro*i!es

E1S#? 9Iu interface; trans"ission resources for the 5C#A.E1S#? 9Iu interface; trans"ission resources for the 5C#A.

BSBS

9odeB9odeB

A,;S62>"ub?

(+%)ps(+%)ps




9odeB

Co-transmissionCo-transmission

At the "ature sta$e of the 5C#A construction, the reuire!At the "ature sta$e of the 5C#A construction, the reuire!

capacity of the 5C#A syste" is hi$h, an! the 5C#A cancapacity of the 5C#A syste" is hi$h, an! the 5C#A can

pro*i!e trans"ission channels for the /S.pro*i!e trans"ission channels for the /S.

BS

A,;S62>"ub?

E1E1




Co-transmission &olution of *ua'ei

Cotrans"ission solution for 3/ an! 2/ BSs of ?uawei:Cotrans"ission solution for 3/ an! 2/ BSs of ?uawei:

In case of colocate! trans"ission, the s"allest allocale

unit can an E1 lin) or so"e ti"eslots of an E1 lin).

Currently, (o!eB can !i*i!e one 2ps E1 lin) into se*eral

%)ps ti"eslots for allocation, re$ar!less of the

trans"ission "o!e of the trans"ission euip"ent.





ractional A6ractional A6

9odeB

BSBS&

79&

A,;S)-, S)-,;S)-*

A,;S)-,S)-,;A,6rans"ission6rans"ission

networ)networ)





CESCES 方式方式

BS

9odeB79&

BS&

A,;S)-, S)-,;S)-*

A,A,6rans"ission6rans"ission

networ)networ)








'thers'thers




Co-locate% )uxiliary +quipment Euip"ent roo"Euip"ent roo"

6he (o!eB is confi$ure! with only one cainet, so only a little space

is reuire!.

6he (o!eB is hea*y, so the earin$ capacity of the euip"ent roo"

shall e consi!ere!.

&ower supply syste"&ower supply syste"

6he 3/ BS can use the le$acy #C power an! stora$e atteries in the

euip"ent roo", ut it is necessary to consi!er whether to e+pan!

the capacity y a!!in$ #C power "o!ules an! atteries.

/roun!in$ syste"/roun!in$ syste"

6he $roun!in$ reuire"ent of the 3/ BS is si"ilar to that of the BS

of any other wireless syste". In case of colocate! site, the le$acy

$roun!in$ syste" can e use!. If necessary, $roun!in$ ars can e

a!!e!.




Co-locate% )uxiliary +quipment

Cale rac) 9trou$h;Cale rac) 9trou$h; 6he le$acy in!oor an! out!oor cale rac)s 9trou$hs; are

reco""en!e!. If necessary, cale rac)s 9trou$hs; can e

a!!e!.

Air con!itioner Air con!itioner

6he (o!eB causes "uch heat, so it is necessary to reconsi!er

the capaility of the air con!itioners in case of colocate!

euip"ent roo". If necessary, air con!itioners can e a!!e!

ee!er win!owee!er win!ow

In $eneral, there are 12 holes in the fee!er sealin$ win!ow in

the euip"ent roo". 6hey can e share! y two sets of

syste"s with $eneral capacity confi$uration.




Co-locate% )uxiliary +quipment

6ower an! o*erhea! stan!6ower an! o*erhea! stan! In $eneral, if the antennas are to e installe! on a tower or

o*erhea! stan! on the rooftop, the le$acy tower or o*erhea!

stan! can e share!. In this case, it is not necessary to a!!

new tower or o*erhea! stan!.

Antenna poleAntenna pole

If the le$acy antenna pole is lon$ enou$h, it can e share!.

?owe*er, the reuire"ent on the intersyste" hori=ontal

isolation shall e "eet.

In $eneral, only one antenna can e installe! on a pole. In this

case, a!!itional poles are nee!e!.




,uestions

1. 5hat is the )ey interference on the 5C#A2. 5hat is the reuire! isolation etween U6S

an! /S1800

3. 5hat euip"ent can e share! in case of

coloate! site

%. 5hat are the !isa!*anta$es of the colocate!

fee!er




&ummary of the Chapter

6his chapter e+plains the notes for coe+istance of

"ultiple syste"s, inclu!in$ "a@or interference,

isolation reuire"ent, colocate! site, an! so on.6his chapter also intro!uces the colocate! site

solution of ?uawei.




Contents of Course

raining.huawei.com

Chapter 1 ultisyste" Coe+istence &lannin$

Chapter 2 (! !ite !election




E+pansion Sche"e




Chapter ! & &ite &election

11 Common Pro)lems #ith !iteCommon Pro)lems #ith !ite

!election!election

2 &rinciples for Site Selection

3 Site Selection

% Usin$ e$acy Site

' Site Sur*ey /ui!e




*o' to +valuate a Can%i%ate &ite.

5ireless5ireless

en*iron"enten*iron"ent

6rans"ission6rans"ission

resourcesresources

&lannin$ result&lannin$ result

&ower supply&ower supply

En$ineerin$ feasiilityEn$ineerin$ feasiility

Ele"ents for e*aluatin$ a can!i!ate siteEle"ents for e*aluatin$ a can!i!ate site




/ireless +nvironment

6he - en$ineer shall chec) the followin$ on each6he - en$ineer shall chec) the followin$ on each

can!i!ate site an! the neary sites:can!i!ate site an! the neary sites:

#oes the

can!i!ate site

well co*er the

tar$et area

#oes the

can!i!ate site

well co*er the

tar$et area

Is there any -

interference

on thecan!i!ate

site

Is there any -

interference

on thecan!i!ate

site

Is there any

aparent arrier

foun! in the

panora"ic

photo$raph or the

relate! paper "ap

Is there any

aparent arrier

foun! in the

panora"ic

photo$raph or therelate! paper "ap




ransmission Resources

6he selection of a can!i!ate site is often affecte! y6he selection of a can!i!ate site is often affecte! y

the trans"ission plannin$.the trans"ission plannin$.

Is the optical fier

or E1trans"ission

a*ailale

Is the optical fier

or E1trans"ission

a*ailale Is any lineof

si$ht lin) to

the "icrowa*e

no!e

a*ailale

Is any lineof

si$ht lin) to

the "icrowa*e

no!e

a*ailale




+ngineering 0easibility

6he new site shall facilitate the use of *ehicle an!6he new site shall facilitate the use of *ehicle an!

liftin$ euip"ent.liftin$ euip"ent.

A helicopter can e use!, ut it is e+pensi*e an! not

easily a*ailale.

-euire"ents on the uil!in$-euire"ents on the uil!in$

A safe an! con*enient passa$e to the rooftop is

a*ailale.

6he "o*in$ of the euip"ent to the euip"ent roo"

throu$h a lift or a $oo!s ele*ator in the uil!in$ shalll

e facilitate!.




Po'er &upply

&roper power supply shall e a*ailale at the site.&roper power supply shall e a*ailale at the site.

If proper power supply is not a*ailale at the site, it shall e

a*ailale neary.

Calculation of Site &ower Calculation of Site &ower

6he total power consu"ption of the "ain euip"ent an!

au+iliary euip"ent shall e consi!ere!.

5hether the power supply reuire"ent can e "et shall e

e*aluate! accor!in$ to the total power consu"ption.





1 Co""on &role"s with Site1 Co""on &role"s with Site

SelectionSelection

2 Principles for !ite !election

3 Site Selection

% Usin$ e$acy Site

' Site Sur*ey /ui!e




a% "&M &ite

Ba! /S site falls in two types:Ba! /S site falls in two types:

6oo low site, which offers a6oo low site, which offers a

s"all co*era$es"all co*era$e

A too low site can only ear

low traffic, an! it is har! to

recoup the in*est"ent.

6oo low site 6oo hi$h site6oo hi$h site

6oo hi$h site, which results in6oo hi$h site, which results in

se*ere cross co*era$ese*ere cross co*era$e

A too hi$h site causes local

interference an! affects the

networ) perfor"ance.




a% M& &ite

U6SU6S

If the site is too low, it is har! to recoup the

in*est"ent.

If the site is too low, the co*era$e of a nei$hor

BS will shrin) an! the capacity will e lowere!.

6he uality of a site !epen!s on:

Site selectionSite selection

Antenna hei$htAntenna hei$ht




Principles for &ite &election

@ecti*e@ecti*e D Selectin$ a site that co*ers the tar$et area

an! has the lowest possile interference ra!iation

6he selecte! site shall e possily closest to the traffic

hotspot.

6he antenna hei$ht !epen!s on the type of the area

where the site is locate!.

6he )ey point lies in the control of the interference

ra!iation.




&ite &election in *igh-%ensity rban )rea

&rinciples for antenna installation in hi$h!ensity uran&rinciples for antenna installation in hi$h!ensity uran

areaarea

6he antenna shall e lower than the a*era$e uil!in$

hei$ht in the area.

6he antenna shall e installe! at the e!$e of a uil!in$.

(o lineofsi$ht lin) shall e+ist in the "ost portion of the(o lineofsi$ht lin) shall e+ist in the "ost portion of the

area co*ere! y the BS.area co*ere! y the BS.

6he antenna shall not e loc)e! y any neary uil!in$.6he antenna shall not e loc)e! y any neary uil!in$.




&ite &election in rban )rea

&rinciples for antenna installation in uran area&rinciples for antenna installation in uran area

6he antenna shall e sli$htly hi$her than the a*era$e

uil!in$ hei$ht in the area.

ineofsi$ht lin)s "ay e+ist in the "ost portion of theineofsi$ht lin)s "ay e+ist in the "ost portion of thearea co*ere! y the BSarea co*ere! y the BS




&ite &election in &uburb

&rinciples for antenna installation in low!ensity area&rinciples for antenna installation in low!ensity area

6he antenna shall e '"D10" hi$her than the a*era$e

uil!in$ hei$ht in the area

ineofsi$ht lin)s shall e a*ailale in the "ost portion

of the area co*ere! y the BS.

nly so"e lineofsi$ht lin)s cross the cell or!er.




&ite &election in Rural )rea or on Roa%

&rinciples for site selection in rural area or on roa!&rinciples for site selection in rural area or on roa!

6he antenna shall e 10"20" hi$her than the a*era$e

uil!in$ hei$ht in the area.

/oo! lineofsi$ht lin)s are a*ailale in each !irection.

If the site is close to a town, the a=i"uth an! tilt an$leIf the site is close to a town, the a=i"uth an! tilt an$le

of the antenna shall e a!@uste! to control theof the antenna shall e a!@uste! to control the

interference effecti*ely.interference effecti*ely.






SelectionSelection


3 !ite !election

% Usin$ e$acy Site

' Site Sur*ey /ui!e




"eneral Process for &ite &election /eneral process for site/eneral process for site

selectionselection 1.6he networ) plannin$ en$ineer

$enerates a list of i!eal sites.

2. 6he sur*ey en$ineer "a)es

selection an! sur*ey accor!in$ to

the planne! sites.

3. or a co"ple+ area, "a)e a

propa$ation test to chec) whether

the co*era$e reuire"ent is "et

%. After the site is selecte!, contact

the property owner or lan!owner to

chec) whether the site space can

e purchase! or lease!.




&pecific Principles for &ite &election

Specific principles for site selectionSpecific principles for site selection

1%6he sites shall e lai! out accor!in$ to the "esh, with the

allowe! !e*iation not lar$er than 1% of the BS ra!ius.

6he le$acy sites are preferre! if the BS layout is not affecte!.

In $eneral, a site shall not e on a "ountain with hi$h latitu!e

esi!e a city or in a suur.

6he new site shoul! e at a safe place with con*enient traffic

an! AC "ains an! co*ers little fertile lan!.






6he site shall not e uilt esi!e a roa!castin$station, ra!ar station, or other interference source.

6he new site shall e far away fro" a hurst in or!er

to a*oi! fast attenuation of the recei*e! si$nal.

In selectin$ a site in a "ountainous area, la)e

country, fleet, or uil!in$ with lar$escale $lass

curtain wall, the effect of si$nal reflection shall e

consi!ere!.

In selectin$ a site in a store! uil!in$, the networ)

hierarchy can e !i*i!e! accor!in$ to the the hei$ht

!ifference of the uil!in$.






At the early sta$e of the networ) construction, thei"portant areas shall e pro*i!e! with $oo!

co*era$e.

6he cell e!$e shall not e within the hi$h!ensity

area. 6he first resnel re$ion of the antenna shall not e

loc)e!.

6he coor!ination with the le$acy sites shall e

consi!ere!.

6he lon$ter" plan shall e consi!ere!.




nreasonable &ite 2ayout

1. 5ea) si$nal area an! lin!1. 5ea) si$nal area an! lin!

si$nal areasi$nal area

6oo lar$e !istance

etween sites

Syste" o*erloa!

Barrier

ac) of in!oor co*era$e

Unreasonale cell layout $reatly affects the perfor"anceUnreasonale cell layout $reatly affects the perfor"ance

of the 5C#A networ).of the 5C#A networ).




nreasonable &ite 2ayout22、、 ar$e o*erlappin$ areaar$e o*erlappin$ area

6here are a lar$e nu"er of BSs, ut the

!istance etween the BSs is short, an!

the !ownstrea" power is i"properly

allocate!

6he cell co*era$e is not well controlle!

A lar$e o*erlappin$ area "ay result in

the followin$:

! &ilot pollution cause! y stron$ pilots

! ?i$h BE-, or e*en call !rop.

! ?i$h soft han!o*er rate.




nreasonable &ite 2ayout33、、 Cross co*era$eCross co*era$e

If a site is uilt on a "ountain in an uran area or suur or

on a too hi$h uil!in$, an! the cell si$nal is not well

controlle!, cross co*era$e "ay occur.

After the site an! the central lo of the antenna are

!eter"ine!, if the cell !irection is the sa"e as that of a

$roun! o@ect with wa*e$ui!e effect 9for e+a"ple, street orri*er;, cross co*era$e "ay also occur .






SelectionSelection


3 Site Selection

* +sing ,egacy !ite

' Site Sur*ey /ui!e




se of 2egacy &ites

ost of the U6S networ)s coe+ist with the le$acy /S networ).

any /S sites are ase! on le$acy analo$ cells.

6he analo$ cellular networ) was initially uilt to pro*i!e the possily

lar$est co*era$e, an! the syste" capacity is not consi!ere!, so

"any hi$h sites were uilt. 6hese hi$h sites are still in use, thou$h they cause prole"s with

the lar$ecapacity networ)s.

6he ni$ht"are sites still e+ist in "ost of the cellular networ)s.

In !eployin$ U6S sites ase! on the le$acy networ)s, )eepin$

away fro" these ni$ht"are sites are critical.




&ite Co-location 'ith Other Operators 314

A!*anta$esA!*anta$es

Fointly payin$ the siteFointly payin$ the site

construction feeconstruction fee

Easy to $et the license to siteEasy to $et the license to site

constructionconstruction

Easy to $et power supplyEasy to $et power supply

Easy en$ineerin$ constructionEasy en$ineerin$ construction

Easy to $et trans"issionEasy to $et trans"ission

resourcesresources

&i C i i O O 3!4




&ite Co-location 'ith Other Operators 3!4

#isa!*anta$es#isa!*anta$es

6he share! site is not

e+clusi*ely !esi$ne! for your

plannin$, so it is possile that it

!oes not offer an i!eal co*era$e.

Interference "ay e+ist.

6he win! resistance an!

stren$th of the rooftop shall e

consi!ere!.

6he antenna location "ay e not

i!eal.

Ch ! & &i & l i






SelectionSelection


3 Site Selection

% Usin$ e$acy Site

!ite !ur&ey Guie




Meaning of &ite &urveySite sur*ey is one of the )ey tas)s of the networ)Site sur*ey is one of the )ey tas)s of the networ)

constructionconstruction @ecti*es@ecti*es

&ro*i!in$ scientific asis for the networ) plannin$

&ro*i!in$ a !etaile! construction sche"e for the networ)

!eploy"ent to $ui!e euip"ent preparation, en$ineerin$

construction, an! installation an! co""issionin$

6he reasonaleness of the site is relate! to not only the6he reasonaleness of the site is relate! to not only the

co*era$e of the site ut also the co*era$e of theco*era$e of the site ut also the co*era$e of the

peripheral sites.peripheral sites.

6he results of the site sur*ey "ay affect the uality an!6he results of the site sur*ey "ay affect the uality an!

s"ooth construction of the whole [email protected]"ooth construction of the whole pro@ect.




&ite &urvey 0lo'

8ireless

network plan

Site list

4: site 9ew site >prefix$

9ewSite?

@utput Search

7ings

@btain

candidate sites

Site survey

Site

conditions

determined

Site surveyreport

9oise test9oise test

report

Site

re<uirement

met




Intro%uction to &ite &urvey

6he sur*ey en$ineer "a)es a !etaile! sur*ey accor!in$6he sur*ey en$ineer "a)es a !etaile! sur*ey accor!in$

to the plan "a!e at the site selection sta$eto the plan "a!e at the site selection sta$e

Sur*ey ite"sSur*ey ite"s

BS location

Euip"ent roo" construction

Antenna selection

Euip"ent installation location

After co"pletin$ the sur*ey, the sur*ey en$ineer su"itsAfter co"pletin$ the sur*ey, the sur*ey en$ineer su"its

a sur*ey report.a sur*ey report.






SelectionSelection


3 Site Selection

% Usin$ e$acy Site

!ite !ur&ey Guie

preparation preparation




"athering Information

a"iliari=e the pro@ect profile, an! collect pro@ect !ata,a"iliari=e the pro@ect profile, an! collect pro@ect !ata,

inclu!in$:inclu!in$:

&ro@ect ac)$roun!

En$ineerin$ !ocu"ent

ocal "ap

BS sur*ey tale

Contracte! confi$uration list

Contract fee!ac) tale

Infor"ation aout the le$acy networ)




ools Require%

Before the site sur*ey, "a)e sure that

the followin$ tools are a*ailale: /&S recei*er

#i$ital ca"era

Co"pass

6elescope

aser ran$e fin!er

&ortale co"puter

6ape "easure

ap




5etaile% &urvey1. easurin$ the lon$itu!e, latitu!e,1. easurin$ the lon$itu!e, latitu!e,

an! hei$ht of the sitean! hei$ht of the site

Use the /&S recei*er to "easure the

lon$itu!e an! latitu!e of the site.

Use the laser ran$e fin!er to "easure

the relati*e hei$ht an! altitu!e of the

site.

If no laser ran$e fin!er is a*ailale,

use a /&S recei*er to "easure the

hei$ht throu$h air pressure 9the error

!epen!s on the weather;, or esti"ate

the hei$ht accor!in$ to the total

nu"er of steps an! the hei$ht of a

step.




2. /atherin$ infor"ation aout the antenna installation2. /atherin$ infor"ation aout the antenna installation

platfor" an! aout the antenna syste" of the colocate!platfor" an! aout the antenna syste" of the colocate!

sitesite

#raw the sche"atic !ia$ra" of the antenna installation

platfor", an! "ar) the installation location of all the

euip"ent on the platfor".

/ather the para"eters of the le$acy fee!er syste"s at the co

locate! site.

After the antenna installation location is !eter"ine!, "ar)

the relate! infor"ation 9antenna installation location,

installation "o!e, pole len$th, an! so on; on the sche"atic

!ia$ra".

5etaile% &urvey




3. easurin$ the propa$ation en*iron"ent3. easurin$ the propa$ation en*iron"ent

5rite !own the hei$ht of the arrier in each !irection an!

the !istance etween the arrier an! the site.

Chec) whether a fee!er syste" of any other

co""unication euip"ent e+ist neary the site. An! if any,

write it !ownG 5rite !own the location 9represente! y

!irection an! !istance;, an!, trans"it power, hei$ht,

a=i"uth, tilt an$le of the antenna.

Shoot the wireless propa$ation en*iron"ent. ar) the

shoot point an! !irection on each photo$raph, an! two

nei$hor photo$raphs shall so"ewhat o*erlap.

5etaile% &urvey




Contents of Couse

raining.huawei.com



Chapter 3 %ntenna .eeer !ystem esign



E+pansion Sche"e




天馈系统简介

In $eneral, the antennaIn $eneral, the antenna

fee!er syste" refers to thefee!er syste" refers to the

part etween the antennapart etween the antenna

an! the cainet top,an! the cainet top,

inclu!in$ antenna, fee!er,inclu!in$ antenna, fee!er,

@u"per, tower "ounte! @u"per, tower "ounte!

a"plifier 96A;, li$htnin$a"plifier 96A;, li$htnin$

arrester, $roun!in$ clip,arrester, $roun!in$ clip,

fee!er clip, fee!er win!ow,fee!er clip, fee!er win!ow,

an! so on.an! so on.

M)




M)

6A 96ower ounte! A"plifier; is installe! on a tower. It is close to the

antenna. In $eneral, the 6A an! the antenna are connecte! throu$h one12H @u"per of 2"3" lon$.

A 6A i"pro*es the sensiti*ity of the syste" an! increases the upstrea"

co*era$e of the syste". It also lowers the trans"it power of an S, re!uces

the interference noise insi!e the syste", an! i"pro*es the call uality.

riplex )#

)# feed

bias tee

ransmitter filter

7eceiver

filter

Bypass

C9#7eceiver

filter

#ntenna

6&

9ote B




0ee%er

Co""on fee!er typesCo""on fee!er types:

,;4D、 3;D、 ;*E

&rinciples for fee!er selection&rinciples for fee!er selection

"f the feeder is longer than 0m' a ;*E feeder is re<uired. "f the

feeder is shorter than 0m' a 3; feeder is re<uired. # ,;4E feeder is

used as the Gumper between the antenna and feeder or the one

between the feeder and the BS top.

oss of 2/?= fee!er oss of 2/?= fee!er

ee!er type anufacturer oss 9100";

C6F-0# >3;D? #967A8 5.*5 dB

C6F5-0 >;*D? #967A8 *.33 dB

FSH*-0B >,;4D? ,3.3 dB

Classification of )ntennas




Classification of )ntennas

By ra!iation !irectionBy ra!iation !irection

6irectional antenna and omni-antenna

By appearanceBy appearance

%late antenna' mushroom antenna' whip antenna'

and paraboloidal antenna

By polari=ation "o!eBy polari=ation "o!e Single %olarized #ntenna #nd 6ual %olarized #ntenna

) & l i




)ntenna ype &election

Uran areaUran areaIn!oor In!oor

SuurSuur

-oa!-oa! -ural area-ural area

Antenna type selection is i"portantAntenna type selection is i"portant

to the networ) uality.to the networ) uality.

Accor!in$ to the terrain or traffic

!istriution, the antenna

en*iron"ent falls into the followin$

types:

Uran area, suur, rural area, roa!,Uran area, suur, rural area, roa!,

in!oor, an! so on.in!oor, an! so on.

) & l i f b )




)ntenna &election for rban )rea

#irectional antenna#irectional antenna

%'J !ual polari=ation

?ori=ontal ea" wi!th: 'J

/ain: 1' !Bi

&reset J electrical tilt or 0JD 0Ja!@ustale electrical tilt > 0JD1'J

a!@ustale "echanical tilt

Upper si!eloe suppresion >

null fillin$ ronttoac) ratio: K 2'!B

) t & l ti f & b b




)ntenna &election for &uburb

In selectin$ an antenna for a suur, the su$$estionson the antenna selection for uran area or rural area

can e reference!.

An o"ni!irectional antenna is not reco""en!e!, in

or!er to facilitate s"ooth up$ra!e in the future.

In a suur, if the antenna uses a tilt an$le, the tilt

an$le shall e s"all.

) t & l ti f R l )




)ntenna &election for Rural )rea


Lertical polari=ation

?ori=ontal ea" wi!th: 70J

/ain: 18 !Bi

(o preset tilt

"ni!irectional antenna"ni!irectional antenna

Lertical polari=ation

/ain: 11 !Bi

(o preset tilt

) t & l ti f R %




)ntenna &election for Roa%


2orizontal beam width$ +0IJ gain$ 4, dBi

ertical polarizationJ no preset tilt

8shape! antenna8shape! antenna Bidirectional horizontal beam width$ 30IJ gain$ ,*

dBi


?eartshape! antenna?eartshape! antenna

2orizontal beam width$ 4,0IJ gain$ ,4 dBi


& l ti f I % ) t




&election of an In%oor )ntenna

"ni!irectional antenna"ni!irectional antenna

Lertical polari=ationG $ain: 2 !Bi

?ori=ontal ea" wi!th: 30JG *ertical ea"

wi!th: 70J

#irectional plate antenna#irectional plate antenna

Lertical polari=ationG $ain: < !Bi

?ori=ontal ea" wi!th: 70JG *ertical ea" wi!th: 0J

o$ perio!ic antennao$ perio!ic antenna

Lertical polari=ationG $ain: 11.' !Bi

?ori=ontal ea" wi!th: ''JG *ertical ea" wi!th: '0J

P i i l f 5 i i ) t * i ht




Principles for 5esigning )ntenna *eight

or a flat uran area, the effecti*e hei$ht of an antenna is

usually aout 2'".

or a suur or rural area, the hei$ht of the antenna can e

aout %0".

A too low antenna "ay lower the co*era$e le*el esi!e the

antenna 9a lin! =one un!er the tower;, which is "ore se*ere

for an o"ni!irectional antenna.

A too hi$h antenna "ay result in cross co*era$e, increase the

interference, an! affect the networ) perfor"ance.

Principles for 5esigning )ntenna )6imuth




Principles for 5esigning )ntenna )6imuth

6he central loe of the antenna shall face the hi$h

traffic area to i"pro*e the si$nal stren$th an! call

uality.

or the uran area, the o*erlappin$ co*era$e ratio of

the a!@acent cells shall not e+cee! 10M.

or the suur or rural area, the separation an$le

etween the antenna !irections of the a!@acent cells

shall e not lower than 70J.

or the hi$h!ensity uran area, the central loe of the

antenna shall not face a strai$ht street.

Principles for 5esigning )ntennal ilt )ngle




Principles for 5esigning )ntennal ilt )ngle

6he antenna tilt technolo$y can effecti*ely control the

co*era$e an! re!uce the intrasyste" interference.

6he antenna tilt an$le shall e !eter"ine! accor!in$ to the

situation. It shall re!uce the interference etween the cells

with the sa"e freuency an! "eet the co*era$e

reuire"ent.

In !esi$nin$ the antenna tilt an$le, factors such as trans"it

power of BS, antenna hei$ht, cell co*era$e, an! wirelesspropa$ation en*iron"ent shall e consi!ere!.

Implementation of )ntenna ilt )ngle




Implementation of )ntenna ilt )ngle 6he antenna tilt ea" can e"ploy the fi+e! electrical tilt,

"echanical tilt, or oth

6he fi+e! electrical tilt an$le is relate! to the antenna type.

6he "echanical tilt an$le is a!@ustale an! usually !oes not

e+cee! 1'J.

Electrical tilt an! "echanical tilt $enerate !ifferent surface

ra!iation. If the tilt an$le is s"all, the !ifference is not !istinct. If

the tilt an$le is lar$e, the !ifference is !istinct.

)ntennal Installation +nvironment





6he installation en*iron"ent inclu!es the a"ient en*iron"ent of the6he installation en*iron"ent inclu!es the a"ient en*iron"ent of the

antenna an! that of the BSantenna an! that of the BS or the a"ient en*iron"ent of the antenna, the antenna isolation an! the

effect of the tower an! rooftop on the antenna shall e consi!ere!.

or the a"ient en*iron"ent of the BS, the effect of the hi$h uil!in$s

within the '00" on the wireless si$nal propa$ation shall e consi!ere!.

-50L relative to

antenna azimuth

-50L relative to

antenna azimuth

=50L

=50L relative to

antenna azimuth

M +0L

NO+0L #ntenna azimuth

#ntenna azimuth

8all8all






(ote: An antenna shall e )ept away fro" arriers,(ote: An antenna shall e )ept away fro" arriers,

otherwise, a lar$e sha!ow area "ay appear.otherwise, a lar$e sha!ow area "ay appear. or e+a"ple, if the antenna is installe! on a rooftop, it shall

e installe! at the e!$e of the rooftop, otherwise the wireless

si$nal "ay e loc)e! y the rooftop.

Requirement on Installing &pace 5iversity




Requirement on Installing &pace 5iversity

In case of space !i*ersity, the !istance etween two recei*e

antennas shall e 12 D 18N, 91NO 0.1'" 92/?=;;.6he effect of the *ertical !i*ersity is the sa"e as that of the

hori=ontal !i*ersity only when the *ertical !i*ersity !istance

is 'D ti"es the hori=ontal !i*ersity !istance.

space diversity distance>4--+m for wcdma?

actual installed distance

9ote$

,uestions




,

1.5hat ele"ents are use! for e*aluatin$ a

can!i!ate site

2.5hat are the "a@or factors of a U6S site

3.5hat are the principles for installin$ a site in a

hi$h!ensity uran area

%.5hat is the $eneral process for site selection'.5hat are the specific principles for site

selection

.5hat are the a!*anta$es of site colocation with

other operators

<.5hat is the flow of site sur*ey

8.5hat are the principles for !esi$nin$ the antenna

hei$ht






6his chapter co*ers the followin$:

6he co""on prole"s with the site selection

6he principles for an! !etaile! process for site

selection

6he use of le$acy sites an! its a!*anta$es an!

!isa!*anta$es

6he process of an! preparations for site sur*ey

6he principles for !esi$nin$ antenna hei$ht, tilt,

a=i"uth in !ifference situation

Contents of Couse




Contents of Couse

raining.huawei.com




Chapter * Pilot Pollution an Cell (reathing


E+pansion Sche"e

Chapter 7 Pilot Pollution an% Cell reathing




Chapter 7 Pilot Pollution an% Cell reathing

1 Cell (reathing 1 Cell (reathing

2 &ilot &ollution

Cell reathing




Cell reathing

If the loa! of a cell increases, the noise also increases, an!If the loa! of a cell increases, the noise also increases, an!

the co*era$e of the cell shrin)s.the co*era$e of the cell shrin)s.

6he e"pirical for"ula for calculatin$ cell reathin$ is as6he e"pirical for"ula for calculatin$ cell reathin$ is as

follows:follows:

Co*era$e shrin)a$e 9M; OCo*era$e shrin)a$e 9M; O

(ot loa!e! Co*era$e

shrin)a$e

correspon!in$ to

increase of 3!B

Co*era$e shrin)a$e

correspon!in$ to

increase of 10!B

)101(*100 5.17/ NR−

−

Cell reathing




Cell reathingCell reathin$ is an intrinsic property of the 5C#A

cellular syste".

#isa!*anta$e

Cell reathin$ "ay result in co*era$e hollowness.

A!*anta$e

Cell reathin$ "ay "a+i"i=e the syste" capacity.

6he a"ount of cell reathin$ can e controlle! y settin$

the upper threshol! of increase! noise in the

a!"ittance al$orith".

Planning of Cell reathing




Planning of Cell reathing

If the noise raise is li"ite! to 3 !B, the throu$hput is

li"ite! to '0M of the "a+i"u" theoretical capacity, an!

the co*era$e shrin)a$e is li"ite! to 33M of the "a+i"u"

co*era$e.

If the noise raise is li"ite! to 10 !B, the throu$hput is

li"ite! to 70M of the "a+i"u" theoretical capacity, an!

the co*era$e shrin)a$e is li"ite! to <3M of the "a+i"u"

co*era$e.

In the plannin$ of cell reathin$, it is consi!ere! that

noise raise of 3 !B is a co"pro"ise etween capacity

an! co*era$e.

Chapter 7 Cell reathing an% Pilot Pollution




Chapter 7 Cell reathing an% Pilot Pollution

1 Cell Breathin$1 Cell Breathin$

2 Pilot Pollution2 Pilot Pollution

Concept of Pilot Pollution




p

Concept of pilot pollutionConcept of pilot pollution

%ilot pollution means that there aretoo many strong pilots within the

coverage' but none of the pilots is

dominant.

Criteria of pilot pollutionCriteria of pilot pollution

here are more than + pilots with

Ac M -/ dBm.

he level difference between the

strongest pilot and the fourth

strongest pilot is N dB.

+ffect of Pilot Pollution




+ffect of Pilot Pollution

&ilot pollution is specific to the C#A syste" C#A an!&ilot pollution is specific to the C#A syste" C#A an!

$reatly affects the networ) perfor"ance.$reatly affects the networ) perfor"ance. Effect of pilot pollutionEffect of pilot pollution

?i$h BE-

ow syste" capacity

?i$h call !rop rate !ue to freuent han!o*er

ow access success rate !ue to no !o"inant cell

5etection of Pilot Pollution




5etection of Pilot Pollution

Area with pilotArea with pilotpollutionpollution

/oo!

(ot /oo!&ilot pollution&ilot pollution



Cause of Pilot Pollution





Unreasonale cell layoutUnreasonale cell layout

6he !istance etween the BSs A, B an! C is not alance!, an! the location

relation etween the BSs is !istinctly !ifferent fro" an euilateral

trian$le.




Cause of Pilot PollutionUnreasonale a=i"uth of an antennaUnreasonale a=i"uth of an antenna

6he antenna a=i"uth of the sector with scra"le of 100 is unreasonale.




Effect of the ac) loe of an antennaEffect of the ac) loe of an antenna

fronttoac) ratio of the antenna !oes not "eet the

reuire"ent, so the si$nal of the ac) loe of the cell lea)s.

)voi%ance of Pilot Pollution




An area with pilot &ollution can e pre!icte! in theAn area with pilot &ollution can e pre!icte! in the

plannin$ e"ulation.plannin$ e"ulation.

pti"i=e the planne! sche"e to a*oi! the pilot &ollution.

pti"al solution D e+cellent syste" !esi$npti"al solution D e+cellent syste" !esi$n

&roper site

&roper a=i"uth an! tilt an$le of antennas

&roper trans"it power an! power ratio of BSs

,uestions




5hat !oes cell reathin$ "ean 5hat

are the a!*anta$es an! !isa!*anta$es

of cell reathin$

5hat are the principles of cell

reathin$

5hat !oes pilot &ollution "ean 5hat

are the criteria of pilot &ollution

5hat are the $eneral causes of pilot

&ollution

?ow to reasonaly a*oi! pilot

&ollution





y p

6his chapter co*ers two uniue properties of the

5C#A syste": cell reathin$ an! pilot &ollution.

&heno"ena an! principles of cell reathin$

Concept, criteria, causes, an! a*oi!ance of pilot

&ollution

Contents of Course




raining.huawei.com





Chapter 0et#or &olution an Capacity

xpansion !cheme

Chapter 8 9et'or: +volution an% Capacity

+xpansion &cheme




p

1 Capacity xpansion Principles1 Capacity xpansion Principles

2 Capacity E+pansion Sche"e

3 Capacity E+pansion Analysis

9et'or: +volution an% Capacity +xpansion




p y p

?ow to uil! an econo"ic 5C#A networ) efficiently?ow to uil! an econo"ic 5C#A networ) efficiently

Ansure optimal cost;performance ratio of network construction

)aximize profit;investment ratio

Ansure balance between network coverage' network capacity'

network <uality' and cost

At the early sta$e of the networ) construction, )now wellAt the early sta$e of the networ) construction, )now well

the capacity reuire"ents for !ifferent sta$es an! "a)ethe capacity reuire"ents for !ifferent sta$es an! "a)e

capacity e+pansion sche"es for each sta$e to ensure thecapacity e+pansion sche"es for each sta$e to ensure the

lastin$ !e*elop"ent of the networ).lastin$ !e*elop"ent of the networ).




+xpansion &cheme




p

1 Capacity E+pansion &rinciples

2 Capacity xpansion !cheme2 Capacity xpansion !cheme

3 Capacity E+pansion Analysis

0eatures an% 9et'or: 5esign of 5ifferent )reas




Area eature #esi$n consi!eration

?i$h!ensityuranarea

?i$h traffic !ensity?i$h !ata traffic ratioBottlenec) of !ownlin) capacity

-elati*ely hi$h !ownlin)capacity an! relati*ely

hi$h loa!

Co""onuranarea

-elati*ely hi$h traffic !ensity-elati*ely low !ata traffic ratioBalance! uplin) an! !ownlin)

capacity

Balance! capacity an!co*era$e an! "e!iu"cell loa!

Suur

ow traffic !ensity

?i$h *oice traffic ratioBottlenec) of uplin) capacity

Co*era$e effect an!relati*ely low cell loa!

Capacity +xpansion &cheme for %ense rban )rea




(etwor)

constructionsta$e

Capacity

Early sta$e i!

sta$e

i!late

sta$eate

sta$e

+P, 408

+P4 ,08Increase y %8M

+P4 408

)%% carrierA!! carrier

Increase y '0M+P4 408

Increase y 3%M

trans"it !i*ersity

A!! power

a"plifier +P+ 408Increase y 1'

－

30M



Capacity +xpansion &cheme for &uburb




+P, 408

+P, 08

Increase y 2<M

A!! power a"plifier

+P4 408

A!! carrier

Increase y '<M

(etwor)construction

sta$e

Capacity

Early sta$e i!late

sta$e

ate

sta$e


+xpansion &cheme




1 Capacity E+pansion &rinciples

2 Capacity E+pansion Sche"e

3 Capacity xpansion %nalysis3 Capacity xpansion %nalysis

Capacity +volution &chemes




+P, ,08 +P4 ,08-#

+P, 408 +P4 408

+P4 ,08-B

4

,

+

5

+P4 408

3

*

(etwor)opti"i=ation

Unchan$e!

pilot

E*olution

s"oothly

A!! power

a"plifier6rans"it

!i*ersity

A!! power a"plifier P

networ) opti"i=ation

A!! power

a"plifier Ptrans"it

!i*ersity

)nalysis of Capacity +volution &chemes th ! 1 th ! 1




etho! 1:etho! 1:

In this "etho!, the low reuire! capacity at the early sta$e is

consi!ere!, the s"ooth transition can e i"ple"ente! without

a!!itional power a"plifier, thus facilitatin$ the networ) plannin$ an!

opti"i=ation.

6he capacity e+pansion is con*enient an! not ti"econsu"in$.

etho! 2:etho! 2:

Co"pare! with etho! 1, this "etho! results in a hi$her initial

capacity 9for a hi$h!ensity area, the initial capacity is 12M hi$her;.

(o a!!itional power a"plifier is nee!e!, the transition is not s"ooth,

so the networ) opti"i=ation reuires "ore efforts 9the capacity is

e+pan!e! fro" 1.1 ti"es 3Q1 105 to twice 3Q1 105;.

6he networ) opti"i=ation in*ol*es: 1; a!@ustin$ pilotG 2; locally

a!@ustin$ antenna para"etersG 3; a!!in$ BS or repeater.

)nalysis of Capacity +volution &chemes




etho! 3:etho! 3:

neoff s"ooth transition. &ower a"plifier an! carrier are a!!e!.

etho! %:etho! %:

neoff s"ooth transition.

&ower a"plifier an! carrier are a!!e!.

6he pilot plannin$ re"ains unchan$e!, thus

facilitatin$ the networ) opti"i=ation.

)nalysis of Capacity +volution &chemes




etho! ':etho! ':

9on-smooth transition.

%ower amplifier and carrier are added.

he network optimization re<uires many efforts.

etho! :etho! : 9on-smooth transition.

%ower amplifier is added.

he network optimization re<uires many efforts.

etho! <:etho! <:

ransit diversity.

Recommen%e% Capacity +xpansion Metho%




3R1 205 BSs are use!, an! the networ) is planne! y usin$ 205.

or preli"inary capacity e+pansion, carriers are a!!e!, with pilot

channel unchan$e!.

or further capacity e+pansion, the power of other co""on

channels are a!!e! for s"ooth e+pansion, with the networ)

plannin$ unchan$e!.

inally, capacity is e+pan!e! y usin$ transit !i*ersity an! other

enhance! technolo$ies.

,uestions




?ow to uil! an econo"ic 5C#A

networ) efficiently

5hat are the principles for e+pan!in$

capacity of wireless networ) in !ifficult

situation

&lease list three capacity e+pansion

"etho!s.




6his chapter co*ers the principles for the

networ) e*olution an! capacity e+pansion an!

the "a@or "etho!s use! for capacity e+pansion

in !ifficult situation. It also intro!uces an!

analy=es !ifferent capacity e+pansion "etho!s.