Overview ofParticle Geophysics

Elementary Particles Emerging From Inside the Earth

Hiroyuki Tanaka

What kind of particles are emerging from inside the

solid earth?

A. Muons

How many muons are emerging from inside the solid earth?

volcano earth

atmosphericmuons

neutrino-inducedmuons

Small scale detector Large scale detector

Atmospheric Muons

Muon Range

Muons Emerging From Inside Volcano-Scale Objects (Atmospheric

Muons)

Muography Detector

Pb+S

US

(160

g/c

m2 )

Pb+S

US

(160

g/c

m2 )

Pb+S

US

(160

g/c

m2 )

Pb+S

US

(160

g/c

m2 )

Pb+S

US

(160

g/c

m2 )

muon

Muographic Images

eruptionon Feb 2, 2009

330

264

198

132

66

0

0 156 312 468 624 azimuth angle (mrad)

elev

atio

n an

gle

(mra

d)

below 2.20 2.36 above 2.52 density (g/cm3)

reconstructed from the muons recorded in the nuclear emulsion

scintillation detector was accessed from a remote PC

[Tanaka, Nakano, Niwa, Takeo et al, EPSL, 2007] [Tanaka, Uchida, Tanaka, Takeo et al, GRL, 2009]

1000

800

600

400

2000 1000 2000 azimuth distance (m)

elev

atio

n (m

)

below 1.75 1.86 above 1.95 density (g/cm3)

40

30

20

10

elev

atio

n an

gle

(deg

)

10 20 30 40 50 60 azimuth angle (deg)

below 1.40 1.80 above 2.20 density (g/cm3)

18

16

14

elev

atio

n an

gle

(deg

)

0 5 10 15 20 25 azimuth angle (deg)

below 0.40 1.50 above 2.60 density (g/cm3)

400

230

60

elev

atio

n an

gle

(mra

d)

0 312 624 936 azimuth angle (mrad)

below 1.90 2.40 above 2.90 density (g/cm3)

[Tanaka, Shinohara et al., GRL, 2009]

[Tanaka, Oshima et al., GRL, 2007] [Saracino and Carloganu, Physics Today, 2012]

[Lesparre and Gibert et al., GJI, 2012]

What kind of particles are emerging from inside the solid earth?

B. Neutrino-Induced Muons

Muons Emerging From Inside Planetary Scale Objects (Neutrino-Induced Muons)

[Gonzalez-Garcia, Halzen, Maltoni and Tanaka, PRL, 2008]

Seismological Tomography

IceCube Detector

Muon Neutrino Survival Probability

Muo

n ne

utrin

o su

rviv

al p

roba

bilty

Zenith angle (degrees)

1 TeV10 TeV100 TeV1 PeV

[Gonzalez-Garcia, Halzen, Maltoni and Tanaka, PRL, 2008]

IceCube Preliminary Result

[Hoshina, Taketa, Tanaka and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

Matter Effects and Mass Hierarchy

[Rott and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

A/Z Effect On Neutrino Oscillation

[Hoshina, Taketa, Tanaka and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

Uncertainties Coming From Oscillation Perameters

[Hoshina, Taketa, Tanaka and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

[Hoshina, Taketa, Tanaka and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

Anticipated Improvements In the Near Future

Survival Probability of Electron Neutrinos

[Hoshina, Taketa, Tanaka and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

PINGU Detector

[Rott and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

Ψμ (light)-Ψμ (STD) 0.150.120.090.060.030-0.03-0.06-0.09-0.12-0.15

[Hoshina, Taketa, Tanaka and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

What kind of particles are emerging from inside the solid earth?

C. Geo-neutrinos

Neutrinos Emerging From Inside the Solid Earth (Geo-Neutrinos)

[McDonough, Dye and Learned, Physics Today, 2012]

More detail will be given in the next talk…

Conclusion• Elementary particles emerging from

inside the solid earth can be utilized as a completely new probe to explore the interior structure of the earth and geological targets.