EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
10 BACKGROUND
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is starting out as a new pharmaceuticalcosmetics wholesaleretail business The pharmacy seeks to put much emphasis on the retailing and distribution of quality pharmaceutical products mainly from European countries the Indian sub-continent Kenya and Uganda The pharmacyrsquos starting annual sales turnover is projected to start off at UShs 360 million and thereafter grow by 25 to UShs 450 million in the second year and by a further 20 to UShs 540 million in the third year of trading
The vision of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is to be one of leading pharmacies in Uganda in the wholesalingretailing and distribution of generic and branded prescription drugs over-the-counter (OTC) medicines vaccines and cosmetics to a wide range of customer markets segments in Uganda Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to operate from a strategically located wholesaleretail outlet within Mukono town such that it can be in good position to consistently and continuously serve both mail order customers and those who visit in person for all the time that it will be in active business We expect to thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we shall be relying upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to sky-rocket XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan will continue to attract more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines and will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience The customers who will be targeted are those who will be looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
Our advertising mainly through the news media will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is founded and promoted by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with a solid track record and lots of experience in the local pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist The business will be aggressively built and promoted to steer it to a profitable and robust trading position and in the process it expects to boost its periodical sales turnover by quite a substantial volume after it has got itself well-established on the local market
1
20 OBJECTIVES
The objectives for the first three years include
1 Exceed customer expectations with superior pricing2 Increase the number of customers by more than 30 per year
3 Develop a business that survives off its own cash flow
30 MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS amp MARKETING PLAN
Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will offer a wide range of prescription drugs to patients based within the Mukono area or nationally Both generics and name brands will be offered
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will only service customers who self pay The self pay customers will be attracted to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd because of its superior prices For many Ugandans that do not have drug plans a discount on drugs is very welcome on todays increasingly tight monthly budgets
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be able to survive on lower margins due to operating efficiencies gained regular retailwholesale trading operations and not accepting insurance policy drug plans which hampers cash flow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also save money by not paying for customers unlimited access to a pharmacist
This model of saving costs by not providing unlimited access to the pharmacist will be successful because the majority of customers will be customers who have been taking the said drug for awhile as opposed to a new prescription and will not require their hand to be held during the transaction They are interested in The Pharmacy as an inexpensive source for their medication
With each order a printout will accompany the medications providing directions on how to take the medications other drugs that should be avoided concurrently and other useful information XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be using computer print outs from industry software to reduce the cost of providing this information
Note--while the term self pay is typically associated with the notion that the customer is paying for the medication out of pocket without insurance it is used in this context as the customer paying for the medications up front regardless if they have insurance They may be paying out of pocket or they may be paying up front
2
and then submitting to their insurance companys drug plan to reimburse them later
Price
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 Advertising thru the established print and electronic media as well as in health books and buzz marketing techniques will be the main promotion vehicles (Market research indicates health books (18) and familyfriend referrals (36) as being top influencers in buying decision for NHPs)
Advertising Using health magazines for menwomen TV radio newspaper bill boards and internet The focus of the advertisements will be on product benefits and the established brand names of the imported quality pharmaceuticals imported and stocked by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd as well as competitive product pricing This approach will help build consumer confidence on the quality of health products imported to East Africa
Sales Promotions Includes free samples discount coupons bundling products into value packs and bundling XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd goods (key chains coffee mugs caps T-shirts etc)
In-Store Promotions Includes Trade Discounts and special In-Store campaigns
3
Public Relationships Includes participation in Trade Shows sponsorship of social causes (corporate social responsibility)
Direct Mail Campaigns These campaigns will be used for selectively reaching potential long term customers
Distribution
The main distribution channel(s) for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda will be its wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town The convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town ndash which is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs will accord the company a significant marketingsales advantage as it makes it easy for consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetics consignments at will and the excellent customer-service offered by company staff will be of an unrivalled and peerless quality in Uganda for decades
40 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Note All figures are in UShs)
Table 1 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd Forecasted Income Statements of Sales
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Remarks amp Assumptions
Loan Funds 40000000 _ _
Personal Equity 10000000 _ _
Sales 100 360000000 450000000 540000000 Sales include income from the sale of both drugs and cosmetics
Direct Cost of Sales 50
180000000 225000000 270000000 Indicates direct expenses on purchase
of shop drugs and cosmetics
Gross Margin 50 180000000 225000000 270000000
Payroll 82 29520000 30996000 32544000
SGA 20 72000000 75600000 79380000 Includes sales and marketing expenses
Depreciation (Depex)
289 10404000 13008000 15606000 4 of Sales based on assumption that Depex is 10 of Fixed Assets
Electricity 033 1200000 1320000 1440000
Insurance 056 2000000 2450000 2900000
Rent 167 6000000 6600000 7200000
Legal Expenses 2000000 1000000 1000000
Expensed Equipment
8000000 0 0 Expenses on equipment purchases made out only once in Year 1
Operating Profit 98876000 94026000 129930000
Loan Repayments
20000000 20000000 Loan to be recovered in a period of 2 years in annual installments of UShs 20 million pa
Net Profit 78876000 74026000 129930000
4
NOTE 1) Sales are based on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos price to retailers Retailer margins are above this price
3-Year Return on Initial Investment 566
Initial Investment Required UShs 50 million in 2011
Refer Exhibit 12a to 12b for projected financial statements (3-Year Forecasted Income Statements and assumptions)
Source of Funds XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd targets to secure a 2-Year commercial loan facility from a leading young entrepreneurship development agency and the project promoterrsquos own excess cash (sponsorrsquos equity) for funding initial working capital requirements
Risks a) High working capital requirements in future years to meet growth
Mitigation steps ndash Supply chain efficiency improvement
b) Foreign exchange risks Risk level ndash Medium Mitigation Steps ndash Hedging
50 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality generic and branded prescriptionOTC medications We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
Organization Structure
The proposed future organizational structure of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is indicated in the diagram below There will be six levels of hierarchical authority in the company with the Board of Directors at the apex of the organization The next level will be the Executive Director who will be assisted by the General Manager ndash Operations in the third tier The GM - Operations will also be supported by the respective departmental managers comprising of Finance MaterialsLogistics Marketing Administration and Human Resources and Research and Development departments in the fourth tier
5
6
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
COMPREHENSIVE BUSINESS PLAN
60 UGANDA ndash INVESTMENT CLIMATE
Strategic LocationFew countries in Africa provide the sort of strategic location that Uganda offers to investors Located at the heart of East and Central Africa it shares borders with some of Africarsquos most economically important and resource rich countries from the mineral rich DR Congo to the rapidly expanding Southern Sudan economy Uganda boarders the Sudan to the north the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west Kenya to the east and Tanzania and Rwanda to the south Though landlocked the many borders it shares with her neighbors give her a commanding importance as a base for regional trade and investment Predictability is possible because of macro-economic stability with inflation maintained at single digit level for over 10 years from a record high of 240 in 1988 The country has also had an annual and fairly stable economic growth averaging 6 per annum a result of good macroeconomic policies and political stability A liberal economic regime is another consistent characteristic of the Uganda Economy There is free inflow and outflow of capital (both current and capital accounts) 100 foreign ownership of investment is permitted and exchange rates are freely determined by the market Market AccessUganda has been secured and guaranteed by membership in various free trade and market access preferences offered to the country The Common Market for Eastern and Southern African states (COMESA) a region with a market of over 380 million people in 20 countries is one of the groupings in which Uganda is a member guaranteeing the business community more than 80 tariff reduction in this regional market Strong Natural Resource BaseThe country has got great physical endowments The location in the heart of Sub-Saharan Africa and astride the Equator gives Uganda one of the best climates in the world With rainfall all year round fertile soils and favorable temperature range one can grow any crops in the country in the most natural conditions any country can have The country takes pride in being the leader in organic agriculture in Africa Many food stuffs are produced in an environment free of harmful chemical inputs There are plenty of unexploited mineral deposits (over 117 minerals)
7
Confirmed deposits include gold zinc wolfram petroleum diamonds vermiculite silica uranium and iron ore Government Commitment to Private Sector
Government and private sector dialogue in policy formulation are at the highest level and at the center of business development processes in the country A Presidential Investorrsquos Roundtable chaired by the Countryrsquos President is in place to ensure that government policies keep the private sector at the center Business Development Strategies including the Investment Climate Strategy (CICS) the National Export Strategy (NES) and other regulatory frameworks have all been put in place under Public - Private Sector Partnerships As a result many vibrant private sector associations have come up to advance their membersrsquo concerns
Cost and Trainable Labour
Uganda presently produces over 20000 University graduates per year The quality of this labour is one of the biggest attractions being a product of an education system with strong links with the British Education System inherited at independence The World Bank Doing Business Report (2006) ranks Uganda among the top 25 countries where hiring labour is simplest The country is also a regional base for training the labour force from the East African region Being among World Bankrsquos low income economy classification one of the key advantages of such an economy is low labor costs Using the GDP per capita as a proxy to gauge possible wage competitiveness an evaluation of Uganda with her immediate neighbours shows her in the fifth lowest per capita income bracket based on Purchasing Power Parity Using the conventional per capita measure Uganda has the third lowest as illustrated in the figure across
English Speaking Labour Force
Although English is an official language in most of the countries in East and Southern Africa it is not the primary language spoken by the majority of the population in any of them Uganda is however the only Country in East Africa where English is the sole official language Using the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) as an indicator of English language skills studies in the region have shown that Uganda ranks second in mean TOEFL score among the six neighboring Countries
Based on the scores it would appear that presently only Kenya and Uganda labour might have the requisite English language skills that are today vital for managing the rapidly changing global business where transactions are largely conducted in English
Protecting InvestorsThe countryrsquos investors have complete international protection made possible by the local laws and international conventions to which the country is signatory The Ugandan constitution (1995) and the Investment Code Act 2000 stipulate sufficient laws to protect investors rights and property The International Conventions and institutions to which Uganda is signatory include the Multi lateral Investment
8
Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) of US Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral award (CREFAA) and several others
70 THE UGANDA PHARMACEUTICAL amp MEDICAL PRODUCTS SECTOR
71 Overview
Over 90 per cent of Ugandarsquos drug needs is imported leaving only 10 per cent which is produced locally Imports of pharmaceutical and health products account for over 6 of total imports Pharmaceutical companies in Uganda are categorized into 2 groups the manufacturers and distributors The National Medical Stores imports most of the pharmaceutical and health products
Ugandarsquos Pharmaceutical and Medical products sector has witnessed steady growth trends since the 1990s There are currently 12 manufacturers1 engaged in the production of medicinal products and supplies such as tablets hard gelatin capsules injectables liquid mixtures and surgical gauze among others The number of pharmacies and drug shops has grown from 216 and 2700 in 2004 to 425 and 4370 respectively in 2008
Table 2 Pharmacies amp Drug Shops in Uganda 2004 to 20082004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pharmacies
216 263 326 336 425
Drug shops
2700 3000 3500 3900 4370
Source National Drug Authority
72 Government Policy
The National Drug Policy relates to the regulation of the importation production distribution marketing exportation and use of pharmaceuticals in the public as well as in the private sector and to any matter related to the above The National Drug Authority (NDA) is charged with the implementation of the National Drug Policy
All Statutory requirements are contained in - The National Drug Policy and Authority Statute 1993 The National Drug Policy and Authority (issue of licenses) Regulations 1993
1 8 are large scale whilst 4 are small scale9
The National Drug Policy and Authority (Certificate of Suitability of Premises) Regulations 1995
A number of guidelines and sops (standard operating procedures) which are obtainable from the National Drug Authority Head Office
National Drug AuthorityThe National Drug Authority (NDA) is an autonomous body set up by the government by statute No 13 of 1993 to implement the National Drug Policy based on the concept of Essential Drugs The importation of a drug requires the submission of a request to NDA which is examined and verified before permission to import is granted On arrival at specified ports of entry the medicines are checked for Quality Assurance Where need arises samples are taken for analysis at Quality Control Laboratories locally or abroad
Control of MedicinesIn Uganda medicines are classified into three categories-- Class A ndash Narcotics- Class B ndash Restricted medicines ndash prescription only drugsmedicines + pharmacy only medicines and- Class C ndash Over-the-counter (OTC) drugsmedicines
Class A and B are drugs which must be dispensed only on prescription by a registered medical Practitioner Dental Surgeon and Veterinary Surgeon
Drug RegistrationNDA registers drug products for use in the country after full details about the product and the research that has been carried out on it to assess its safety efficacy and quality is studied NDA examines all the research and test results in detail before a decision is made on whether the product should be granted registration in Uganda This process is expected to weed out substandard products and reduce the number of medicines circulating in the country to a manageable number which can be monitored effectively
Monitoring of MedicinesEven after medicines have been imported into the country or granted license to be manufactured in the country NDA through its inspectors monitors them while they are being used NDA inspectors carry out regular inspections of manufacturing plants pharmacies and drug shops
Requirements and Procedures to be followed by an Investor Setting Up a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants andor Pharmacies in Uganda
1048713 Suitable Premisesbull To avoid congestion and ensure equitable distribution of the services to the people national Drug Authority advises investors about the location of premises
10
bull The actual premisesbuilding must have all the appropriate compartments decorations and facilities for which a ldquoCertificate of Suitability of Premiserdquo is issued by the National Drug Authority after inspection and recommendation by the Drug Inspectorate
1048713 Pharmacistbull It is both a legal and professional requirement that all pharmacies and pharmaceutical industries must engage the services of a qualified pharmacist Pharmaceutical Industries may require more than one pharmacist andbull The pharmacist must be registered and resident in Uganda in case of a body cooperate or partnership at least one of the directors must be a pharmacist resident in Uganda1048713 Licensesbull Application forms can be obtained from the National Drug Authority Head office and the licenses are obtained from the Secretary National Drug Authoritybull The licenses that can be applied for include-- License to operate a pharmaceutical manufacturing business- License to operate a whole sale pharmacy- License to operate a retail pharmacy- Certificate of suitability of premises (Retail Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Whole Sale Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Manufacturing business) and- ImportExport permit
1048713 Proceduresbull Manufacturing must be under the direct supervision of a registered named production pharmacist In a large factory the deputy production pharmacist must be employed This pharmacist (and deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premisesbull The production pharmacist must be supported by suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved techniciansbull Quality control of manufactured products must be supervised by a registered named quality control pharmacist or chemist In a large factory a deputy quality control pharmacist must be employedbull The Quality control Pharmacist (deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premises andbull Suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved chemists must support the Quality Control Pharmacist
Licensing RequirementsTo be licensed the following must be submitted -bull A certificate of practice of the production pharmacistbull The certificate of the head of Quality ControlAssurance andA complete list of the products to be manufactured and their registration status
1048713 ImportExport
11
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
20 OBJECTIVES
The objectives for the first three years include
1 Exceed customer expectations with superior pricing2 Increase the number of customers by more than 30 per year
3 Develop a business that survives off its own cash flow
30 MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS amp MARKETING PLAN
Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will offer a wide range of prescription drugs to patients based within the Mukono area or nationally Both generics and name brands will be offered
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will only service customers who self pay The self pay customers will be attracted to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd because of its superior prices For many Ugandans that do not have drug plans a discount on drugs is very welcome on todays increasingly tight monthly budgets
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be able to survive on lower margins due to operating efficiencies gained regular retailwholesale trading operations and not accepting insurance policy drug plans which hampers cash flow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also save money by not paying for customers unlimited access to a pharmacist
This model of saving costs by not providing unlimited access to the pharmacist will be successful because the majority of customers will be customers who have been taking the said drug for awhile as opposed to a new prescription and will not require their hand to be held during the transaction They are interested in The Pharmacy as an inexpensive source for their medication
With each order a printout will accompany the medications providing directions on how to take the medications other drugs that should be avoided concurrently and other useful information XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be using computer print outs from industry software to reduce the cost of providing this information
Note--while the term self pay is typically associated with the notion that the customer is paying for the medication out of pocket without insurance it is used in this context as the customer paying for the medications up front regardless if they have insurance They may be paying out of pocket or they may be paying up front
2
and then submitting to their insurance companys drug plan to reimburse them later
Price
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 Advertising thru the established print and electronic media as well as in health books and buzz marketing techniques will be the main promotion vehicles (Market research indicates health books (18) and familyfriend referrals (36) as being top influencers in buying decision for NHPs)
Advertising Using health magazines for menwomen TV radio newspaper bill boards and internet The focus of the advertisements will be on product benefits and the established brand names of the imported quality pharmaceuticals imported and stocked by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd as well as competitive product pricing This approach will help build consumer confidence on the quality of health products imported to East Africa
Sales Promotions Includes free samples discount coupons bundling products into value packs and bundling XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd goods (key chains coffee mugs caps T-shirts etc)
In-Store Promotions Includes Trade Discounts and special In-Store campaigns
3
Public Relationships Includes participation in Trade Shows sponsorship of social causes (corporate social responsibility)
Direct Mail Campaigns These campaigns will be used for selectively reaching potential long term customers
Distribution
The main distribution channel(s) for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda will be its wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town The convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town ndash which is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs will accord the company a significant marketingsales advantage as it makes it easy for consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetics consignments at will and the excellent customer-service offered by company staff will be of an unrivalled and peerless quality in Uganda for decades
40 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Note All figures are in UShs)
Table 1 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd Forecasted Income Statements of Sales
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Remarks amp Assumptions
Loan Funds 40000000 _ _
Personal Equity 10000000 _ _
Sales 100 360000000 450000000 540000000 Sales include income from the sale of both drugs and cosmetics
Direct Cost of Sales 50
180000000 225000000 270000000 Indicates direct expenses on purchase
of shop drugs and cosmetics
Gross Margin 50 180000000 225000000 270000000
Payroll 82 29520000 30996000 32544000
SGA 20 72000000 75600000 79380000 Includes sales and marketing expenses
Depreciation (Depex)
289 10404000 13008000 15606000 4 of Sales based on assumption that Depex is 10 of Fixed Assets
Electricity 033 1200000 1320000 1440000
Insurance 056 2000000 2450000 2900000
Rent 167 6000000 6600000 7200000
Legal Expenses 2000000 1000000 1000000
Expensed Equipment
8000000 0 0 Expenses on equipment purchases made out only once in Year 1
Operating Profit 98876000 94026000 129930000
Loan Repayments
20000000 20000000 Loan to be recovered in a period of 2 years in annual installments of UShs 20 million pa
Net Profit 78876000 74026000 129930000
4
NOTE 1) Sales are based on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos price to retailers Retailer margins are above this price
3-Year Return on Initial Investment 566
Initial Investment Required UShs 50 million in 2011
Refer Exhibit 12a to 12b for projected financial statements (3-Year Forecasted Income Statements and assumptions)
Source of Funds XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd targets to secure a 2-Year commercial loan facility from a leading young entrepreneurship development agency and the project promoterrsquos own excess cash (sponsorrsquos equity) for funding initial working capital requirements
Risks a) High working capital requirements in future years to meet growth
Mitigation steps ndash Supply chain efficiency improvement
b) Foreign exchange risks Risk level ndash Medium Mitigation Steps ndash Hedging
50 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality generic and branded prescriptionOTC medications We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
Organization Structure
The proposed future organizational structure of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is indicated in the diagram below There will be six levels of hierarchical authority in the company with the Board of Directors at the apex of the organization The next level will be the Executive Director who will be assisted by the General Manager ndash Operations in the third tier The GM - Operations will also be supported by the respective departmental managers comprising of Finance MaterialsLogistics Marketing Administration and Human Resources and Research and Development departments in the fourth tier
5
6
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
COMPREHENSIVE BUSINESS PLAN
60 UGANDA ndash INVESTMENT CLIMATE
Strategic LocationFew countries in Africa provide the sort of strategic location that Uganda offers to investors Located at the heart of East and Central Africa it shares borders with some of Africarsquos most economically important and resource rich countries from the mineral rich DR Congo to the rapidly expanding Southern Sudan economy Uganda boarders the Sudan to the north the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west Kenya to the east and Tanzania and Rwanda to the south Though landlocked the many borders it shares with her neighbors give her a commanding importance as a base for regional trade and investment Predictability is possible because of macro-economic stability with inflation maintained at single digit level for over 10 years from a record high of 240 in 1988 The country has also had an annual and fairly stable economic growth averaging 6 per annum a result of good macroeconomic policies and political stability A liberal economic regime is another consistent characteristic of the Uganda Economy There is free inflow and outflow of capital (both current and capital accounts) 100 foreign ownership of investment is permitted and exchange rates are freely determined by the market Market AccessUganda has been secured and guaranteed by membership in various free trade and market access preferences offered to the country The Common Market for Eastern and Southern African states (COMESA) a region with a market of over 380 million people in 20 countries is one of the groupings in which Uganda is a member guaranteeing the business community more than 80 tariff reduction in this regional market Strong Natural Resource BaseThe country has got great physical endowments The location in the heart of Sub-Saharan Africa and astride the Equator gives Uganda one of the best climates in the world With rainfall all year round fertile soils and favorable temperature range one can grow any crops in the country in the most natural conditions any country can have The country takes pride in being the leader in organic agriculture in Africa Many food stuffs are produced in an environment free of harmful chemical inputs There are plenty of unexploited mineral deposits (over 117 minerals)
7
Confirmed deposits include gold zinc wolfram petroleum diamonds vermiculite silica uranium and iron ore Government Commitment to Private Sector
Government and private sector dialogue in policy formulation are at the highest level and at the center of business development processes in the country A Presidential Investorrsquos Roundtable chaired by the Countryrsquos President is in place to ensure that government policies keep the private sector at the center Business Development Strategies including the Investment Climate Strategy (CICS) the National Export Strategy (NES) and other regulatory frameworks have all been put in place under Public - Private Sector Partnerships As a result many vibrant private sector associations have come up to advance their membersrsquo concerns
Cost and Trainable Labour
Uganda presently produces over 20000 University graduates per year The quality of this labour is one of the biggest attractions being a product of an education system with strong links with the British Education System inherited at independence The World Bank Doing Business Report (2006) ranks Uganda among the top 25 countries where hiring labour is simplest The country is also a regional base for training the labour force from the East African region Being among World Bankrsquos low income economy classification one of the key advantages of such an economy is low labor costs Using the GDP per capita as a proxy to gauge possible wage competitiveness an evaluation of Uganda with her immediate neighbours shows her in the fifth lowest per capita income bracket based on Purchasing Power Parity Using the conventional per capita measure Uganda has the third lowest as illustrated in the figure across
English Speaking Labour Force
Although English is an official language in most of the countries in East and Southern Africa it is not the primary language spoken by the majority of the population in any of them Uganda is however the only Country in East Africa where English is the sole official language Using the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) as an indicator of English language skills studies in the region have shown that Uganda ranks second in mean TOEFL score among the six neighboring Countries
Based on the scores it would appear that presently only Kenya and Uganda labour might have the requisite English language skills that are today vital for managing the rapidly changing global business where transactions are largely conducted in English
Protecting InvestorsThe countryrsquos investors have complete international protection made possible by the local laws and international conventions to which the country is signatory The Ugandan constitution (1995) and the Investment Code Act 2000 stipulate sufficient laws to protect investors rights and property The International Conventions and institutions to which Uganda is signatory include the Multi lateral Investment
8
Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) of US Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral award (CREFAA) and several others
70 THE UGANDA PHARMACEUTICAL amp MEDICAL PRODUCTS SECTOR
71 Overview
Over 90 per cent of Ugandarsquos drug needs is imported leaving only 10 per cent which is produced locally Imports of pharmaceutical and health products account for over 6 of total imports Pharmaceutical companies in Uganda are categorized into 2 groups the manufacturers and distributors The National Medical Stores imports most of the pharmaceutical and health products
Ugandarsquos Pharmaceutical and Medical products sector has witnessed steady growth trends since the 1990s There are currently 12 manufacturers1 engaged in the production of medicinal products and supplies such as tablets hard gelatin capsules injectables liquid mixtures and surgical gauze among others The number of pharmacies and drug shops has grown from 216 and 2700 in 2004 to 425 and 4370 respectively in 2008
Table 2 Pharmacies amp Drug Shops in Uganda 2004 to 20082004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pharmacies
216 263 326 336 425
Drug shops
2700 3000 3500 3900 4370
Source National Drug Authority
72 Government Policy
The National Drug Policy relates to the regulation of the importation production distribution marketing exportation and use of pharmaceuticals in the public as well as in the private sector and to any matter related to the above The National Drug Authority (NDA) is charged with the implementation of the National Drug Policy
All Statutory requirements are contained in - The National Drug Policy and Authority Statute 1993 The National Drug Policy and Authority (issue of licenses) Regulations 1993
1 8 are large scale whilst 4 are small scale9
The National Drug Policy and Authority (Certificate of Suitability of Premises) Regulations 1995
A number of guidelines and sops (standard operating procedures) which are obtainable from the National Drug Authority Head Office
National Drug AuthorityThe National Drug Authority (NDA) is an autonomous body set up by the government by statute No 13 of 1993 to implement the National Drug Policy based on the concept of Essential Drugs The importation of a drug requires the submission of a request to NDA which is examined and verified before permission to import is granted On arrival at specified ports of entry the medicines are checked for Quality Assurance Where need arises samples are taken for analysis at Quality Control Laboratories locally or abroad
Control of MedicinesIn Uganda medicines are classified into three categories-- Class A ndash Narcotics- Class B ndash Restricted medicines ndash prescription only drugsmedicines + pharmacy only medicines and- Class C ndash Over-the-counter (OTC) drugsmedicines
Class A and B are drugs which must be dispensed only on prescription by a registered medical Practitioner Dental Surgeon and Veterinary Surgeon
Drug RegistrationNDA registers drug products for use in the country after full details about the product and the research that has been carried out on it to assess its safety efficacy and quality is studied NDA examines all the research and test results in detail before a decision is made on whether the product should be granted registration in Uganda This process is expected to weed out substandard products and reduce the number of medicines circulating in the country to a manageable number which can be monitored effectively
Monitoring of MedicinesEven after medicines have been imported into the country or granted license to be manufactured in the country NDA through its inspectors monitors them while they are being used NDA inspectors carry out regular inspections of manufacturing plants pharmacies and drug shops
Requirements and Procedures to be followed by an Investor Setting Up a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants andor Pharmacies in Uganda
1048713 Suitable Premisesbull To avoid congestion and ensure equitable distribution of the services to the people national Drug Authority advises investors about the location of premises
10
bull The actual premisesbuilding must have all the appropriate compartments decorations and facilities for which a ldquoCertificate of Suitability of Premiserdquo is issued by the National Drug Authority after inspection and recommendation by the Drug Inspectorate
1048713 Pharmacistbull It is both a legal and professional requirement that all pharmacies and pharmaceutical industries must engage the services of a qualified pharmacist Pharmaceutical Industries may require more than one pharmacist andbull The pharmacist must be registered and resident in Uganda in case of a body cooperate or partnership at least one of the directors must be a pharmacist resident in Uganda1048713 Licensesbull Application forms can be obtained from the National Drug Authority Head office and the licenses are obtained from the Secretary National Drug Authoritybull The licenses that can be applied for include-- License to operate a pharmaceutical manufacturing business- License to operate a whole sale pharmacy- License to operate a retail pharmacy- Certificate of suitability of premises (Retail Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Whole Sale Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Manufacturing business) and- ImportExport permit
1048713 Proceduresbull Manufacturing must be under the direct supervision of a registered named production pharmacist In a large factory the deputy production pharmacist must be employed This pharmacist (and deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premisesbull The production pharmacist must be supported by suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved techniciansbull Quality control of manufactured products must be supervised by a registered named quality control pharmacist or chemist In a large factory a deputy quality control pharmacist must be employedbull The Quality control Pharmacist (deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premises andbull Suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved chemists must support the Quality Control Pharmacist
Licensing RequirementsTo be licensed the following must be submitted -bull A certificate of practice of the production pharmacistbull The certificate of the head of Quality ControlAssurance andA complete list of the products to be manufactured and their registration status
1048713 ImportExport
11
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
and then submitting to their insurance companys drug plan to reimburse them later
Price
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 Advertising thru the established print and electronic media as well as in health books and buzz marketing techniques will be the main promotion vehicles (Market research indicates health books (18) and familyfriend referrals (36) as being top influencers in buying decision for NHPs)
Advertising Using health magazines for menwomen TV radio newspaper bill boards and internet The focus of the advertisements will be on product benefits and the established brand names of the imported quality pharmaceuticals imported and stocked by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd as well as competitive product pricing This approach will help build consumer confidence on the quality of health products imported to East Africa
Sales Promotions Includes free samples discount coupons bundling products into value packs and bundling XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd goods (key chains coffee mugs caps T-shirts etc)
In-Store Promotions Includes Trade Discounts and special In-Store campaigns
3
Public Relationships Includes participation in Trade Shows sponsorship of social causes (corporate social responsibility)
Direct Mail Campaigns These campaigns will be used for selectively reaching potential long term customers
Distribution
The main distribution channel(s) for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda will be its wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town The convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town ndash which is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs will accord the company a significant marketingsales advantage as it makes it easy for consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetics consignments at will and the excellent customer-service offered by company staff will be of an unrivalled and peerless quality in Uganda for decades
40 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Note All figures are in UShs)
Table 1 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd Forecasted Income Statements of Sales
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Remarks amp Assumptions
Loan Funds 40000000 _ _
Personal Equity 10000000 _ _
Sales 100 360000000 450000000 540000000 Sales include income from the sale of both drugs and cosmetics
Direct Cost of Sales 50
180000000 225000000 270000000 Indicates direct expenses on purchase
of shop drugs and cosmetics
Gross Margin 50 180000000 225000000 270000000
Payroll 82 29520000 30996000 32544000
SGA 20 72000000 75600000 79380000 Includes sales and marketing expenses
Depreciation (Depex)
289 10404000 13008000 15606000 4 of Sales based on assumption that Depex is 10 of Fixed Assets
Electricity 033 1200000 1320000 1440000
Insurance 056 2000000 2450000 2900000
Rent 167 6000000 6600000 7200000
Legal Expenses 2000000 1000000 1000000
Expensed Equipment
8000000 0 0 Expenses on equipment purchases made out only once in Year 1
Operating Profit 98876000 94026000 129930000
Loan Repayments
20000000 20000000 Loan to be recovered in a period of 2 years in annual installments of UShs 20 million pa
Net Profit 78876000 74026000 129930000
4
NOTE 1) Sales are based on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos price to retailers Retailer margins are above this price
3-Year Return on Initial Investment 566
Initial Investment Required UShs 50 million in 2011
Refer Exhibit 12a to 12b for projected financial statements (3-Year Forecasted Income Statements and assumptions)
Source of Funds XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd targets to secure a 2-Year commercial loan facility from a leading young entrepreneurship development agency and the project promoterrsquos own excess cash (sponsorrsquos equity) for funding initial working capital requirements
Risks a) High working capital requirements in future years to meet growth
Mitigation steps ndash Supply chain efficiency improvement
b) Foreign exchange risks Risk level ndash Medium Mitigation Steps ndash Hedging
50 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality generic and branded prescriptionOTC medications We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
Organization Structure
The proposed future organizational structure of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is indicated in the diagram below There will be six levels of hierarchical authority in the company with the Board of Directors at the apex of the organization The next level will be the Executive Director who will be assisted by the General Manager ndash Operations in the third tier The GM - Operations will also be supported by the respective departmental managers comprising of Finance MaterialsLogistics Marketing Administration and Human Resources and Research and Development departments in the fourth tier
5
6
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
COMPREHENSIVE BUSINESS PLAN
60 UGANDA ndash INVESTMENT CLIMATE
Strategic LocationFew countries in Africa provide the sort of strategic location that Uganda offers to investors Located at the heart of East and Central Africa it shares borders with some of Africarsquos most economically important and resource rich countries from the mineral rich DR Congo to the rapidly expanding Southern Sudan economy Uganda boarders the Sudan to the north the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west Kenya to the east and Tanzania and Rwanda to the south Though landlocked the many borders it shares with her neighbors give her a commanding importance as a base for regional trade and investment Predictability is possible because of macro-economic stability with inflation maintained at single digit level for over 10 years from a record high of 240 in 1988 The country has also had an annual and fairly stable economic growth averaging 6 per annum a result of good macroeconomic policies and political stability A liberal economic regime is another consistent characteristic of the Uganda Economy There is free inflow and outflow of capital (both current and capital accounts) 100 foreign ownership of investment is permitted and exchange rates are freely determined by the market Market AccessUganda has been secured and guaranteed by membership in various free trade and market access preferences offered to the country The Common Market for Eastern and Southern African states (COMESA) a region with a market of over 380 million people in 20 countries is one of the groupings in which Uganda is a member guaranteeing the business community more than 80 tariff reduction in this regional market Strong Natural Resource BaseThe country has got great physical endowments The location in the heart of Sub-Saharan Africa and astride the Equator gives Uganda one of the best climates in the world With rainfall all year round fertile soils and favorable temperature range one can grow any crops in the country in the most natural conditions any country can have The country takes pride in being the leader in organic agriculture in Africa Many food stuffs are produced in an environment free of harmful chemical inputs There are plenty of unexploited mineral deposits (over 117 minerals)
7
Confirmed deposits include gold zinc wolfram petroleum diamonds vermiculite silica uranium and iron ore Government Commitment to Private Sector
Government and private sector dialogue in policy formulation are at the highest level and at the center of business development processes in the country A Presidential Investorrsquos Roundtable chaired by the Countryrsquos President is in place to ensure that government policies keep the private sector at the center Business Development Strategies including the Investment Climate Strategy (CICS) the National Export Strategy (NES) and other regulatory frameworks have all been put in place under Public - Private Sector Partnerships As a result many vibrant private sector associations have come up to advance their membersrsquo concerns
Cost and Trainable Labour
Uganda presently produces over 20000 University graduates per year The quality of this labour is one of the biggest attractions being a product of an education system with strong links with the British Education System inherited at independence The World Bank Doing Business Report (2006) ranks Uganda among the top 25 countries where hiring labour is simplest The country is also a regional base for training the labour force from the East African region Being among World Bankrsquos low income economy classification one of the key advantages of such an economy is low labor costs Using the GDP per capita as a proxy to gauge possible wage competitiveness an evaluation of Uganda with her immediate neighbours shows her in the fifth lowest per capita income bracket based on Purchasing Power Parity Using the conventional per capita measure Uganda has the third lowest as illustrated in the figure across
English Speaking Labour Force
Although English is an official language in most of the countries in East and Southern Africa it is not the primary language spoken by the majority of the population in any of them Uganda is however the only Country in East Africa where English is the sole official language Using the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) as an indicator of English language skills studies in the region have shown that Uganda ranks second in mean TOEFL score among the six neighboring Countries
Based on the scores it would appear that presently only Kenya and Uganda labour might have the requisite English language skills that are today vital for managing the rapidly changing global business where transactions are largely conducted in English
Protecting InvestorsThe countryrsquos investors have complete international protection made possible by the local laws and international conventions to which the country is signatory The Ugandan constitution (1995) and the Investment Code Act 2000 stipulate sufficient laws to protect investors rights and property The International Conventions and institutions to which Uganda is signatory include the Multi lateral Investment
8
Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) of US Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral award (CREFAA) and several others
70 THE UGANDA PHARMACEUTICAL amp MEDICAL PRODUCTS SECTOR
71 Overview
Over 90 per cent of Ugandarsquos drug needs is imported leaving only 10 per cent which is produced locally Imports of pharmaceutical and health products account for over 6 of total imports Pharmaceutical companies in Uganda are categorized into 2 groups the manufacturers and distributors The National Medical Stores imports most of the pharmaceutical and health products
Ugandarsquos Pharmaceutical and Medical products sector has witnessed steady growth trends since the 1990s There are currently 12 manufacturers1 engaged in the production of medicinal products and supplies such as tablets hard gelatin capsules injectables liquid mixtures and surgical gauze among others The number of pharmacies and drug shops has grown from 216 and 2700 in 2004 to 425 and 4370 respectively in 2008
Table 2 Pharmacies amp Drug Shops in Uganda 2004 to 20082004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pharmacies
216 263 326 336 425
Drug shops
2700 3000 3500 3900 4370
Source National Drug Authority
72 Government Policy
The National Drug Policy relates to the regulation of the importation production distribution marketing exportation and use of pharmaceuticals in the public as well as in the private sector and to any matter related to the above The National Drug Authority (NDA) is charged with the implementation of the National Drug Policy
All Statutory requirements are contained in - The National Drug Policy and Authority Statute 1993 The National Drug Policy and Authority (issue of licenses) Regulations 1993
1 8 are large scale whilst 4 are small scale9
The National Drug Policy and Authority (Certificate of Suitability of Premises) Regulations 1995
A number of guidelines and sops (standard operating procedures) which are obtainable from the National Drug Authority Head Office
National Drug AuthorityThe National Drug Authority (NDA) is an autonomous body set up by the government by statute No 13 of 1993 to implement the National Drug Policy based on the concept of Essential Drugs The importation of a drug requires the submission of a request to NDA which is examined and verified before permission to import is granted On arrival at specified ports of entry the medicines are checked for Quality Assurance Where need arises samples are taken for analysis at Quality Control Laboratories locally or abroad
Control of MedicinesIn Uganda medicines are classified into three categories-- Class A ndash Narcotics- Class B ndash Restricted medicines ndash prescription only drugsmedicines + pharmacy only medicines and- Class C ndash Over-the-counter (OTC) drugsmedicines
Class A and B are drugs which must be dispensed only on prescription by a registered medical Practitioner Dental Surgeon and Veterinary Surgeon
Drug RegistrationNDA registers drug products for use in the country after full details about the product and the research that has been carried out on it to assess its safety efficacy and quality is studied NDA examines all the research and test results in detail before a decision is made on whether the product should be granted registration in Uganda This process is expected to weed out substandard products and reduce the number of medicines circulating in the country to a manageable number which can be monitored effectively
Monitoring of MedicinesEven after medicines have been imported into the country or granted license to be manufactured in the country NDA through its inspectors monitors them while they are being used NDA inspectors carry out regular inspections of manufacturing plants pharmacies and drug shops
Requirements and Procedures to be followed by an Investor Setting Up a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants andor Pharmacies in Uganda
1048713 Suitable Premisesbull To avoid congestion and ensure equitable distribution of the services to the people national Drug Authority advises investors about the location of premises
10
bull The actual premisesbuilding must have all the appropriate compartments decorations and facilities for which a ldquoCertificate of Suitability of Premiserdquo is issued by the National Drug Authority after inspection and recommendation by the Drug Inspectorate
1048713 Pharmacistbull It is both a legal and professional requirement that all pharmacies and pharmaceutical industries must engage the services of a qualified pharmacist Pharmaceutical Industries may require more than one pharmacist andbull The pharmacist must be registered and resident in Uganda in case of a body cooperate or partnership at least one of the directors must be a pharmacist resident in Uganda1048713 Licensesbull Application forms can be obtained from the National Drug Authority Head office and the licenses are obtained from the Secretary National Drug Authoritybull The licenses that can be applied for include-- License to operate a pharmaceutical manufacturing business- License to operate a whole sale pharmacy- License to operate a retail pharmacy- Certificate of suitability of premises (Retail Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Whole Sale Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Manufacturing business) and- ImportExport permit
1048713 Proceduresbull Manufacturing must be under the direct supervision of a registered named production pharmacist In a large factory the deputy production pharmacist must be employed This pharmacist (and deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premisesbull The production pharmacist must be supported by suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved techniciansbull Quality control of manufactured products must be supervised by a registered named quality control pharmacist or chemist In a large factory a deputy quality control pharmacist must be employedbull The Quality control Pharmacist (deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premises andbull Suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved chemists must support the Quality Control Pharmacist
Licensing RequirementsTo be licensed the following must be submitted -bull A certificate of practice of the production pharmacistbull The certificate of the head of Quality ControlAssurance andA complete list of the products to be manufactured and their registration status
1048713 ImportExport
11
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Public Relationships Includes participation in Trade Shows sponsorship of social causes (corporate social responsibility)
Direct Mail Campaigns These campaigns will be used for selectively reaching potential long term customers
Distribution
The main distribution channel(s) for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda will be its wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town The convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town ndash which is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs will accord the company a significant marketingsales advantage as it makes it easy for consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetics consignments at will and the excellent customer-service offered by company staff will be of an unrivalled and peerless quality in Uganda for decades
40 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(Note All figures are in UShs)
Table 1 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd Forecasted Income Statements of Sales
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Remarks amp Assumptions
Loan Funds 40000000 _ _
Personal Equity 10000000 _ _
Sales 100 360000000 450000000 540000000 Sales include income from the sale of both drugs and cosmetics
Direct Cost of Sales 50
180000000 225000000 270000000 Indicates direct expenses on purchase
of shop drugs and cosmetics
Gross Margin 50 180000000 225000000 270000000
Payroll 82 29520000 30996000 32544000
SGA 20 72000000 75600000 79380000 Includes sales and marketing expenses
Depreciation (Depex)
289 10404000 13008000 15606000 4 of Sales based on assumption that Depex is 10 of Fixed Assets
Electricity 033 1200000 1320000 1440000
Insurance 056 2000000 2450000 2900000
Rent 167 6000000 6600000 7200000
Legal Expenses 2000000 1000000 1000000
Expensed Equipment
8000000 0 0 Expenses on equipment purchases made out only once in Year 1
Operating Profit 98876000 94026000 129930000
Loan Repayments
20000000 20000000 Loan to be recovered in a period of 2 years in annual installments of UShs 20 million pa
Net Profit 78876000 74026000 129930000
4
NOTE 1) Sales are based on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos price to retailers Retailer margins are above this price
3-Year Return on Initial Investment 566
Initial Investment Required UShs 50 million in 2011
Refer Exhibit 12a to 12b for projected financial statements (3-Year Forecasted Income Statements and assumptions)
Source of Funds XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd targets to secure a 2-Year commercial loan facility from a leading young entrepreneurship development agency and the project promoterrsquos own excess cash (sponsorrsquos equity) for funding initial working capital requirements
Risks a) High working capital requirements in future years to meet growth
Mitigation steps ndash Supply chain efficiency improvement
b) Foreign exchange risks Risk level ndash Medium Mitigation Steps ndash Hedging
50 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality generic and branded prescriptionOTC medications We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
Organization Structure
The proposed future organizational structure of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is indicated in the diagram below There will be six levels of hierarchical authority in the company with the Board of Directors at the apex of the organization The next level will be the Executive Director who will be assisted by the General Manager ndash Operations in the third tier The GM - Operations will also be supported by the respective departmental managers comprising of Finance MaterialsLogistics Marketing Administration and Human Resources and Research and Development departments in the fourth tier
5
6
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
COMPREHENSIVE BUSINESS PLAN
60 UGANDA ndash INVESTMENT CLIMATE
Strategic LocationFew countries in Africa provide the sort of strategic location that Uganda offers to investors Located at the heart of East and Central Africa it shares borders with some of Africarsquos most economically important and resource rich countries from the mineral rich DR Congo to the rapidly expanding Southern Sudan economy Uganda boarders the Sudan to the north the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west Kenya to the east and Tanzania and Rwanda to the south Though landlocked the many borders it shares with her neighbors give her a commanding importance as a base for regional trade and investment Predictability is possible because of macro-economic stability with inflation maintained at single digit level for over 10 years from a record high of 240 in 1988 The country has also had an annual and fairly stable economic growth averaging 6 per annum a result of good macroeconomic policies and political stability A liberal economic regime is another consistent characteristic of the Uganda Economy There is free inflow and outflow of capital (both current and capital accounts) 100 foreign ownership of investment is permitted and exchange rates are freely determined by the market Market AccessUganda has been secured and guaranteed by membership in various free trade and market access preferences offered to the country The Common Market for Eastern and Southern African states (COMESA) a region with a market of over 380 million people in 20 countries is one of the groupings in which Uganda is a member guaranteeing the business community more than 80 tariff reduction in this regional market Strong Natural Resource BaseThe country has got great physical endowments The location in the heart of Sub-Saharan Africa and astride the Equator gives Uganda one of the best climates in the world With rainfall all year round fertile soils and favorable temperature range one can grow any crops in the country in the most natural conditions any country can have The country takes pride in being the leader in organic agriculture in Africa Many food stuffs are produced in an environment free of harmful chemical inputs There are plenty of unexploited mineral deposits (over 117 minerals)
7
Confirmed deposits include gold zinc wolfram petroleum diamonds vermiculite silica uranium and iron ore Government Commitment to Private Sector
Government and private sector dialogue in policy formulation are at the highest level and at the center of business development processes in the country A Presidential Investorrsquos Roundtable chaired by the Countryrsquos President is in place to ensure that government policies keep the private sector at the center Business Development Strategies including the Investment Climate Strategy (CICS) the National Export Strategy (NES) and other regulatory frameworks have all been put in place under Public - Private Sector Partnerships As a result many vibrant private sector associations have come up to advance their membersrsquo concerns
Cost and Trainable Labour
Uganda presently produces over 20000 University graduates per year The quality of this labour is one of the biggest attractions being a product of an education system with strong links with the British Education System inherited at independence The World Bank Doing Business Report (2006) ranks Uganda among the top 25 countries where hiring labour is simplest The country is also a regional base for training the labour force from the East African region Being among World Bankrsquos low income economy classification one of the key advantages of such an economy is low labor costs Using the GDP per capita as a proxy to gauge possible wage competitiveness an evaluation of Uganda with her immediate neighbours shows her in the fifth lowest per capita income bracket based on Purchasing Power Parity Using the conventional per capita measure Uganda has the third lowest as illustrated in the figure across
English Speaking Labour Force
Although English is an official language in most of the countries in East and Southern Africa it is not the primary language spoken by the majority of the population in any of them Uganda is however the only Country in East Africa where English is the sole official language Using the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) as an indicator of English language skills studies in the region have shown that Uganda ranks second in mean TOEFL score among the six neighboring Countries
Based on the scores it would appear that presently only Kenya and Uganda labour might have the requisite English language skills that are today vital for managing the rapidly changing global business where transactions are largely conducted in English
Protecting InvestorsThe countryrsquos investors have complete international protection made possible by the local laws and international conventions to which the country is signatory The Ugandan constitution (1995) and the Investment Code Act 2000 stipulate sufficient laws to protect investors rights and property The International Conventions and institutions to which Uganda is signatory include the Multi lateral Investment
8
Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) of US Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral award (CREFAA) and several others
70 THE UGANDA PHARMACEUTICAL amp MEDICAL PRODUCTS SECTOR
71 Overview
Over 90 per cent of Ugandarsquos drug needs is imported leaving only 10 per cent which is produced locally Imports of pharmaceutical and health products account for over 6 of total imports Pharmaceutical companies in Uganda are categorized into 2 groups the manufacturers and distributors The National Medical Stores imports most of the pharmaceutical and health products
Ugandarsquos Pharmaceutical and Medical products sector has witnessed steady growth trends since the 1990s There are currently 12 manufacturers1 engaged in the production of medicinal products and supplies such as tablets hard gelatin capsules injectables liquid mixtures and surgical gauze among others The number of pharmacies and drug shops has grown from 216 and 2700 in 2004 to 425 and 4370 respectively in 2008
Table 2 Pharmacies amp Drug Shops in Uganda 2004 to 20082004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pharmacies
216 263 326 336 425
Drug shops
2700 3000 3500 3900 4370
Source National Drug Authority
72 Government Policy
The National Drug Policy relates to the regulation of the importation production distribution marketing exportation and use of pharmaceuticals in the public as well as in the private sector and to any matter related to the above The National Drug Authority (NDA) is charged with the implementation of the National Drug Policy
All Statutory requirements are contained in - The National Drug Policy and Authority Statute 1993 The National Drug Policy and Authority (issue of licenses) Regulations 1993
1 8 are large scale whilst 4 are small scale9
The National Drug Policy and Authority (Certificate of Suitability of Premises) Regulations 1995
A number of guidelines and sops (standard operating procedures) which are obtainable from the National Drug Authority Head Office
National Drug AuthorityThe National Drug Authority (NDA) is an autonomous body set up by the government by statute No 13 of 1993 to implement the National Drug Policy based on the concept of Essential Drugs The importation of a drug requires the submission of a request to NDA which is examined and verified before permission to import is granted On arrival at specified ports of entry the medicines are checked for Quality Assurance Where need arises samples are taken for analysis at Quality Control Laboratories locally or abroad
Control of MedicinesIn Uganda medicines are classified into three categories-- Class A ndash Narcotics- Class B ndash Restricted medicines ndash prescription only drugsmedicines + pharmacy only medicines and- Class C ndash Over-the-counter (OTC) drugsmedicines
Class A and B are drugs which must be dispensed only on prescription by a registered medical Practitioner Dental Surgeon and Veterinary Surgeon
Drug RegistrationNDA registers drug products for use in the country after full details about the product and the research that has been carried out on it to assess its safety efficacy and quality is studied NDA examines all the research and test results in detail before a decision is made on whether the product should be granted registration in Uganda This process is expected to weed out substandard products and reduce the number of medicines circulating in the country to a manageable number which can be monitored effectively
Monitoring of MedicinesEven after medicines have been imported into the country or granted license to be manufactured in the country NDA through its inspectors monitors them while they are being used NDA inspectors carry out regular inspections of manufacturing plants pharmacies and drug shops
Requirements and Procedures to be followed by an Investor Setting Up a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants andor Pharmacies in Uganda
1048713 Suitable Premisesbull To avoid congestion and ensure equitable distribution of the services to the people national Drug Authority advises investors about the location of premises
10
bull The actual premisesbuilding must have all the appropriate compartments decorations and facilities for which a ldquoCertificate of Suitability of Premiserdquo is issued by the National Drug Authority after inspection and recommendation by the Drug Inspectorate
1048713 Pharmacistbull It is both a legal and professional requirement that all pharmacies and pharmaceutical industries must engage the services of a qualified pharmacist Pharmaceutical Industries may require more than one pharmacist andbull The pharmacist must be registered and resident in Uganda in case of a body cooperate or partnership at least one of the directors must be a pharmacist resident in Uganda1048713 Licensesbull Application forms can be obtained from the National Drug Authority Head office and the licenses are obtained from the Secretary National Drug Authoritybull The licenses that can be applied for include-- License to operate a pharmaceutical manufacturing business- License to operate a whole sale pharmacy- License to operate a retail pharmacy- Certificate of suitability of premises (Retail Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Whole Sale Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Manufacturing business) and- ImportExport permit
1048713 Proceduresbull Manufacturing must be under the direct supervision of a registered named production pharmacist In a large factory the deputy production pharmacist must be employed This pharmacist (and deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premisesbull The production pharmacist must be supported by suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved techniciansbull Quality control of manufactured products must be supervised by a registered named quality control pharmacist or chemist In a large factory a deputy quality control pharmacist must be employedbull The Quality control Pharmacist (deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premises andbull Suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved chemists must support the Quality Control Pharmacist
Licensing RequirementsTo be licensed the following must be submitted -bull A certificate of practice of the production pharmacistbull The certificate of the head of Quality ControlAssurance andA complete list of the products to be manufactured and their registration status
1048713 ImportExport
11
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
NOTE 1) Sales are based on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos price to retailers Retailer margins are above this price
3-Year Return on Initial Investment 566
Initial Investment Required UShs 50 million in 2011
Refer Exhibit 12a to 12b for projected financial statements (3-Year Forecasted Income Statements and assumptions)
Source of Funds XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd targets to secure a 2-Year commercial loan facility from a leading young entrepreneurship development agency and the project promoterrsquos own excess cash (sponsorrsquos equity) for funding initial working capital requirements
Risks a) High working capital requirements in future years to meet growth
Mitigation steps ndash Supply chain efficiency improvement
b) Foreign exchange risks Risk level ndash Medium Mitigation Steps ndash Hedging
50 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality generic and branded prescriptionOTC medications We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
Organization Structure
The proposed future organizational structure of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is indicated in the diagram below There will be six levels of hierarchical authority in the company with the Board of Directors at the apex of the organization The next level will be the Executive Director who will be assisted by the General Manager ndash Operations in the third tier The GM - Operations will also be supported by the respective departmental managers comprising of Finance MaterialsLogistics Marketing Administration and Human Resources and Research and Development departments in the fourth tier
5
6
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
COMPREHENSIVE BUSINESS PLAN
60 UGANDA ndash INVESTMENT CLIMATE
Strategic LocationFew countries in Africa provide the sort of strategic location that Uganda offers to investors Located at the heart of East and Central Africa it shares borders with some of Africarsquos most economically important and resource rich countries from the mineral rich DR Congo to the rapidly expanding Southern Sudan economy Uganda boarders the Sudan to the north the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west Kenya to the east and Tanzania and Rwanda to the south Though landlocked the many borders it shares with her neighbors give her a commanding importance as a base for regional trade and investment Predictability is possible because of macro-economic stability with inflation maintained at single digit level for over 10 years from a record high of 240 in 1988 The country has also had an annual and fairly stable economic growth averaging 6 per annum a result of good macroeconomic policies and political stability A liberal economic regime is another consistent characteristic of the Uganda Economy There is free inflow and outflow of capital (both current and capital accounts) 100 foreign ownership of investment is permitted and exchange rates are freely determined by the market Market AccessUganda has been secured and guaranteed by membership in various free trade and market access preferences offered to the country The Common Market for Eastern and Southern African states (COMESA) a region with a market of over 380 million people in 20 countries is one of the groupings in which Uganda is a member guaranteeing the business community more than 80 tariff reduction in this regional market Strong Natural Resource BaseThe country has got great physical endowments The location in the heart of Sub-Saharan Africa and astride the Equator gives Uganda one of the best climates in the world With rainfall all year round fertile soils and favorable temperature range one can grow any crops in the country in the most natural conditions any country can have The country takes pride in being the leader in organic agriculture in Africa Many food stuffs are produced in an environment free of harmful chemical inputs There are plenty of unexploited mineral deposits (over 117 minerals)
7
Confirmed deposits include gold zinc wolfram petroleum diamonds vermiculite silica uranium and iron ore Government Commitment to Private Sector
Government and private sector dialogue in policy formulation are at the highest level and at the center of business development processes in the country A Presidential Investorrsquos Roundtable chaired by the Countryrsquos President is in place to ensure that government policies keep the private sector at the center Business Development Strategies including the Investment Climate Strategy (CICS) the National Export Strategy (NES) and other regulatory frameworks have all been put in place under Public - Private Sector Partnerships As a result many vibrant private sector associations have come up to advance their membersrsquo concerns
Cost and Trainable Labour
Uganda presently produces over 20000 University graduates per year The quality of this labour is one of the biggest attractions being a product of an education system with strong links with the British Education System inherited at independence The World Bank Doing Business Report (2006) ranks Uganda among the top 25 countries where hiring labour is simplest The country is also a regional base for training the labour force from the East African region Being among World Bankrsquos low income economy classification one of the key advantages of such an economy is low labor costs Using the GDP per capita as a proxy to gauge possible wage competitiveness an evaluation of Uganda with her immediate neighbours shows her in the fifth lowest per capita income bracket based on Purchasing Power Parity Using the conventional per capita measure Uganda has the third lowest as illustrated in the figure across
English Speaking Labour Force
Although English is an official language in most of the countries in East and Southern Africa it is not the primary language spoken by the majority of the population in any of them Uganda is however the only Country in East Africa where English is the sole official language Using the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) as an indicator of English language skills studies in the region have shown that Uganda ranks second in mean TOEFL score among the six neighboring Countries
Based on the scores it would appear that presently only Kenya and Uganda labour might have the requisite English language skills that are today vital for managing the rapidly changing global business where transactions are largely conducted in English
Protecting InvestorsThe countryrsquos investors have complete international protection made possible by the local laws and international conventions to which the country is signatory The Ugandan constitution (1995) and the Investment Code Act 2000 stipulate sufficient laws to protect investors rights and property The International Conventions and institutions to which Uganda is signatory include the Multi lateral Investment
8
Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) of US Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral award (CREFAA) and several others
70 THE UGANDA PHARMACEUTICAL amp MEDICAL PRODUCTS SECTOR
71 Overview
Over 90 per cent of Ugandarsquos drug needs is imported leaving only 10 per cent which is produced locally Imports of pharmaceutical and health products account for over 6 of total imports Pharmaceutical companies in Uganda are categorized into 2 groups the manufacturers and distributors The National Medical Stores imports most of the pharmaceutical and health products
Ugandarsquos Pharmaceutical and Medical products sector has witnessed steady growth trends since the 1990s There are currently 12 manufacturers1 engaged in the production of medicinal products and supplies such as tablets hard gelatin capsules injectables liquid mixtures and surgical gauze among others The number of pharmacies and drug shops has grown from 216 and 2700 in 2004 to 425 and 4370 respectively in 2008
Table 2 Pharmacies amp Drug Shops in Uganda 2004 to 20082004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pharmacies
216 263 326 336 425
Drug shops
2700 3000 3500 3900 4370
Source National Drug Authority
72 Government Policy
The National Drug Policy relates to the regulation of the importation production distribution marketing exportation and use of pharmaceuticals in the public as well as in the private sector and to any matter related to the above The National Drug Authority (NDA) is charged with the implementation of the National Drug Policy
All Statutory requirements are contained in - The National Drug Policy and Authority Statute 1993 The National Drug Policy and Authority (issue of licenses) Regulations 1993
1 8 are large scale whilst 4 are small scale9
The National Drug Policy and Authority (Certificate of Suitability of Premises) Regulations 1995
A number of guidelines and sops (standard operating procedures) which are obtainable from the National Drug Authority Head Office
National Drug AuthorityThe National Drug Authority (NDA) is an autonomous body set up by the government by statute No 13 of 1993 to implement the National Drug Policy based on the concept of Essential Drugs The importation of a drug requires the submission of a request to NDA which is examined and verified before permission to import is granted On arrival at specified ports of entry the medicines are checked for Quality Assurance Where need arises samples are taken for analysis at Quality Control Laboratories locally or abroad
Control of MedicinesIn Uganda medicines are classified into three categories-- Class A ndash Narcotics- Class B ndash Restricted medicines ndash prescription only drugsmedicines + pharmacy only medicines and- Class C ndash Over-the-counter (OTC) drugsmedicines
Class A and B are drugs which must be dispensed only on prescription by a registered medical Practitioner Dental Surgeon and Veterinary Surgeon
Drug RegistrationNDA registers drug products for use in the country after full details about the product and the research that has been carried out on it to assess its safety efficacy and quality is studied NDA examines all the research and test results in detail before a decision is made on whether the product should be granted registration in Uganda This process is expected to weed out substandard products and reduce the number of medicines circulating in the country to a manageable number which can be monitored effectively
Monitoring of MedicinesEven after medicines have been imported into the country or granted license to be manufactured in the country NDA through its inspectors monitors them while they are being used NDA inspectors carry out regular inspections of manufacturing plants pharmacies and drug shops
Requirements and Procedures to be followed by an Investor Setting Up a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants andor Pharmacies in Uganda
1048713 Suitable Premisesbull To avoid congestion and ensure equitable distribution of the services to the people national Drug Authority advises investors about the location of premises
10
bull The actual premisesbuilding must have all the appropriate compartments decorations and facilities for which a ldquoCertificate of Suitability of Premiserdquo is issued by the National Drug Authority after inspection and recommendation by the Drug Inspectorate
1048713 Pharmacistbull It is both a legal and professional requirement that all pharmacies and pharmaceutical industries must engage the services of a qualified pharmacist Pharmaceutical Industries may require more than one pharmacist andbull The pharmacist must be registered and resident in Uganda in case of a body cooperate or partnership at least one of the directors must be a pharmacist resident in Uganda1048713 Licensesbull Application forms can be obtained from the National Drug Authority Head office and the licenses are obtained from the Secretary National Drug Authoritybull The licenses that can be applied for include-- License to operate a pharmaceutical manufacturing business- License to operate a whole sale pharmacy- License to operate a retail pharmacy- Certificate of suitability of premises (Retail Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Whole Sale Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Manufacturing business) and- ImportExport permit
1048713 Proceduresbull Manufacturing must be under the direct supervision of a registered named production pharmacist In a large factory the deputy production pharmacist must be employed This pharmacist (and deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premisesbull The production pharmacist must be supported by suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved techniciansbull Quality control of manufactured products must be supervised by a registered named quality control pharmacist or chemist In a large factory a deputy quality control pharmacist must be employedbull The Quality control Pharmacist (deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premises andbull Suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved chemists must support the Quality Control Pharmacist
Licensing RequirementsTo be licensed the following must be submitted -bull A certificate of practice of the production pharmacistbull The certificate of the head of Quality ControlAssurance andA complete list of the products to be manufactured and their registration status
1048713 ImportExport
11
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
6
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
COMPREHENSIVE BUSINESS PLAN
60 UGANDA ndash INVESTMENT CLIMATE
Strategic LocationFew countries in Africa provide the sort of strategic location that Uganda offers to investors Located at the heart of East and Central Africa it shares borders with some of Africarsquos most economically important and resource rich countries from the mineral rich DR Congo to the rapidly expanding Southern Sudan economy Uganda boarders the Sudan to the north the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west Kenya to the east and Tanzania and Rwanda to the south Though landlocked the many borders it shares with her neighbors give her a commanding importance as a base for regional trade and investment Predictability is possible because of macro-economic stability with inflation maintained at single digit level for over 10 years from a record high of 240 in 1988 The country has also had an annual and fairly stable economic growth averaging 6 per annum a result of good macroeconomic policies and political stability A liberal economic regime is another consistent characteristic of the Uganda Economy There is free inflow and outflow of capital (both current and capital accounts) 100 foreign ownership of investment is permitted and exchange rates are freely determined by the market Market AccessUganda has been secured and guaranteed by membership in various free trade and market access preferences offered to the country The Common Market for Eastern and Southern African states (COMESA) a region with a market of over 380 million people in 20 countries is one of the groupings in which Uganda is a member guaranteeing the business community more than 80 tariff reduction in this regional market Strong Natural Resource BaseThe country has got great physical endowments The location in the heart of Sub-Saharan Africa and astride the Equator gives Uganda one of the best climates in the world With rainfall all year round fertile soils and favorable temperature range one can grow any crops in the country in the most natural conditions any country can have The country takes pride in being the leader in organic agriculture in Africa Many food stuffs are produced in an environment free of harmful chemical inputs There are plenty of unexploited mineral deposits (over 117 minerals)
7
Confirmed deposits include gold zinc wolfram petroleum diamonds vermiculite silica uranium and iron ore Government Commitment to Private Sector
Government and private sector dialogue in policy formulation are at the highest level and at the center of business development processes in the country A Presidential Investorrsquos Roundtable chaired by the Countryrsquos President is in place to ensure that government policies keep the private sector at the center Business Development Strategies including the Investment Climate Strategy (CICS) the National Export Strategy (NES) and other regulatory frameworks have all been put in place under Public - Private Sector Partnerships As a result many vibrant private sector associations have come up to advance their membersrsquo concerns
Cost and Trainable Labour
Uganda presently produces over 20000 University graduates per year The quality of this labour is one of the biggest attractions being a product of an education system with strong links with the British Education System inherited at independence The World Bank Doing Business Report (2006) ranks Uganda among the top 25 countries where hiring labour is simplest The country is also a regional base for training the labour force from the East African region Being among World Bankrsquos low income economy classification one of the key advantages of such an economy is low labor costs Using the GDP per capita as a proxy to gauge possible wage competitiveness an evaluation of Uganda with her immediate neighbours shows her in the fifth lowest per capita income bracket based on Purchasing Power Parity Using the conventional per capita measure Uganda has the third lowest as illustrated in the figure across
English Speaking Labour Force
Although English is an official language in most of the countries in East and Southern Africa it is not the primary language spoken by the majority of the population in any of them Uganda is however the only Country in East Africa where English is the sole official language Using the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) as an indicator of English language skills studies in the region have shown that Uganda ranks second in mean TOEFL score among the six neighboring Countries
Based on the scores it would appear that presently only Kenya and Uganda labour might have the requisite English language skills that are today vital for managing the rapidly changing global business where transactions are largely conducted in English
Protecting InvestorsThe countryrsquos investors have complete international protection made possible by the local laws and international conventions to which the country is signatory The Ugandan constitution (1995) and the Investment Code Act 2000 stipulate sufficient laws to protect investors rights and property The International Conventions and institutions to which Uganda is signatory include the Multi lateral Investment
8
Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) of US Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral award (CREFAA) and several others
70 THE UGANDA PHARMACEUTICAL amp MEDICAL PRODUCTS SECTOR
71 Overview
Over 90 per cent of Ugandarsquos drug needs is imported leaving only 10 per cent which is produced locally Imports of pharmaceutical and health products account for over 6 of total imports Pharmaceutical companies in Uganda are categorized into 2 groups the manufacturers and distributors The National Medical Stores imports most of the pharmaceutical and health products
Ugandarsquos Pharmaceutical and Medical products sector has witnessed steady growth trends since the 1990s There are currently 12 manufacturers1 engaged in the production of medicinal products and supplies such as tablets hard gelatin capsules injectables liquid mixtures and surgical gauze among others The number of pharmacies and drug shops has grown from 216 and 2700 in 2004 to 425 and 4370 respectively in 2008
Table 2 Pharmacies amp Drug Shops in Uganda 2004 to 20082004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pharmacies
216 263 326 336 425
Drug shops
2700 3000 3500 3900 4370
Source National Drug Authority
72 Government Policy
The National Drug Policy relates to the regulation of the importation production distribution marketing exportation and use of pharmaceuticals in the public as well as in the private sector and to any matter related to the above The National Drug Authority (NDA) is charged with the implementation of the National Drug Policy
All Statutory requirements are contained in - The National Drug Policy and Authority Statute 1993 The National Drug Policy and Authority (issue of licenses) Regulations 1993
1 8 are large scale whilst 4 are small scale9
The National Drug Policy and Authority (Certificate of Suitability of Premises) Regulations 1995
A number of guidelines and sops (standard operating procedures) which are obtainable from the National Drug Authority Head Office
National Drug AuthorityThe National Drug Authority (NDA) is an autonomous body set up by the government by statute No 13 of 1993 to implement the National Drug Policy based on the concept of Essential Drugs The importation of a drug requires the submission of a request to NDA which is examined and verified before permission to import is granted On arrival at specified ports of entry the medicines are checked for Quality Assurance Where need arises samples are taken for analysis at Quality Control Laboratories locally or abroad
Control of MedicinesIn Uganda medicines are classified into three categories-- Class A ndash Narcotics- Class B ndash Restricted medicines ndash prescription only drugsmedicines + pharmacy only medicines and- Class C ndash Over-the-counter (OTC) drugsmedicines
Class A and B are drugs which must be dispensed only on prescription by a registered medical Practitioner Dental Surgeon and Veterinary Surgeon
Drug RegistrationNDA registers drug products for use in the country after full details about the product and the research that has been carried out on it to assess its safety efficacy and quality is studied NDA examines all the research and test results in detail before a decision is made on whether the product should be granted registration in Uganda This process is expected to weed out substandard products and reduce the number of medicines circulating in the country to a manageable number which can be monitored effectively
Monitoring of MedicinesEven after medicines have been imported into the country or granted license to be manufactured in the country NDA through its inspectors monitors them while they are being used NDA inspectors carry out regular inspections of manufacturing plants pharmacies and drug shops
Requirements and Procedures to be followed by an Investor Setting Up a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants andor Pharmacies in Uganda
1048713 Suitable Premisesbull To avoid congestion and ensure equitable distribution of the services to the people national Drug Authority advises investors about the location of premises
10
bull The actual premisesbuilding must have all the appropriate compartments decorations and facilities for which a ldquoCertificate of Suitability of Premiserdquo is issued by the National Drug Authority after inspection and recommendation by the Drug Inspectorate
1048713 Pharmacistbull It is both a legal and professional requirement that all pharmacies and pharmaceutical industries must engage the services of a qualified pharmacist Pharmaceutical Industries may require more than one pharmacist andbull The pharmacist must be registered and resident in Uganda in case of a body cooperate or partnership at least one of the directors must be a pharmacist resident in Uganda1048713 Licensesbull Application forms can be obtained from the National Drug Authority Head office and the licenses are obtained from the Secretary National Drug Authoritybull The licenses that can be applied for include-- License to operate a pharmaceutical manufacturing business- License to operate a whole sale pharmacy- License to operate a retail pharmacy- Certificate of suitability of premises (Retail Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Whole Sale Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Manufacturing business) and- ImportExport permit
1048713 Proceduresbull Manufacturing must be under the direct supervision of a registered named production pharmacist In a large factory the deputy production pharmacist must be employed This pharmacist (and deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premisesbull The production pharmacist must be supported by suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved techniciansbull Quality control of manufactured products must be supervised by a registered named quality control pharmacist or chemist In a large factory a deputy quality control pharmacist must be employedbull The Quality control Pharmacist (deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premises andbull Suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved chemists must support the Quality Control Pharmacist
Licensing RequirementsTo be licensed the following must be submitted -bull A certificate of practice of the production pharmacistbull The certificate of the head of Quality ControlAssurance andA complete list of the products to be manufactured and their registration status
1048713 ImportExport
11
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
COMPREHENSIVE BUSINESS PLAN
60 UGANDA ndash INVESTMENT CLIMATE
Strategic LocationFew countries in Africa provide the sort of strategic location that Uganda offers to investors Located at the heart of East and Central Africa it shares borders with some of Africarsquos most economically important and resource rich countries from the mineral rich DR Congo to the rapidly expanding Southern Sudan economy Uganda boarders the Sudan to the north the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west Kenya to the east and Tanzania and Rwanda to the south Though landlocked the many borders it shares with her neighbors give her a commanding importance as a base for regional trade and investment Predictability is possible because of macro-economic stability with inflation maintained at single digit level for over 10 years from a record high of 240 in 1988 The country has also had an annual and fairly stable economic growth averaging 6 per annum a result of good macroeconomic policies and political stability A liberal economic regime is another consistent characteristic of the Uganda Economy There is free inflow and outflow of capital (both current and capital accounts) 100 foreign ownership of investment is permitted and exchange rates are freely determined by the market Market AccessUganda has been secured and guaranteed by membership in various free trade and market access preferences offered to the country The Common Market for Eastern and Southern African states (COMESA) a region with a market of over 380 million people in 20 countries is one of the groupings in which Uganda is a member guaranteeing the business community more than 80 tariff reduction in this regional market Strong Natural Resource BaseThe country has got great physical endowments The location in the heart of Sub-Saharan Africa and astride the Equator gives Uganda one of the best climates in the world With rainfall all year round fertile soils and favorable temperature range one can grow any crops in the country in the most natural conditions any country can have The country takes pride in being the leader in organic agriculture in Africa Many food stuffs are produced in an environment free of harmful chemical inputs There are plenty of unexploited mineral deposits (over 117 minerals)
7
Confirmed deposits include gold zinc wolfram petroleum diamonds vermiculite silica uranium and iron ore Government Commitment to Private Sector
Government and private sector dialogue in policy formulation are at the highest level and at the center of business development processes in the country A Presidential Investorrsquos Roundtable chaired by the Countryrsquos President is in place to ensure that government policies keep the private sector at the center Business Development Strategies including the Investment Climate Strategy (CICS) the National Export Strategy (NES) and other regulatory frameworks have all been put in place under Public - Private Sector Partnerships As a result many vibrant private sector associations have come up to advance their membersrsquo concerns
Cost and Trainable Labour
Uganda presently produces over 20000 University graduates per year The quality of this labour is one of the biggest attractions being a product of an education system with strong links with the British Education System inherited at independence The World Bank Doing Business Report (2006) ranks Uganda among the top 25 countries where hiring labour is simplest The country is also a regional base for training the labour force from the East African region Being among World Bankrsquos low income economy classification one of the key advantages of such an economy is low labor costs Using the GDP per capita as a proxy to gauge possible wage competitiveness an evaluation of Uganda with her immediate neighbours shows her in the fifth lowest per capita income bracket based on Purchasing Power Parity Using the conventional per capita measure Uganda has the third lowest as illustrated in the figure across
English Speaking Labour Force
Although English is an official language in most of the countries in East and Southern Africa it is not the primary language spoken by the majority of the population in any of them Uganda is however the only Country in East Africa where English is the sole official language Using the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) as an indicator of English language skills studies in the region have shown that Uganda ranks second in mean TOEFL score among the six neighboring Countries
Based on the scores it would appear that presently only Kenya and Uganda labour might have the requisite English language skills that are today vital for managing the rapidly changing global business where transactions are largely conducted in English
Protecting InvestorsThe countryrsquos investors have complete international protection made possible by the local laws and international conventions to which the country is signatory The Ugandan constitution (1995) and the Investment Code Act 2000 stipulate sufficient laws to protect investors rights and property The International Conventions and institutions to which Uganda is signatory include the Multi lateral Investment
8
Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) of US Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral award (CREFAA) and several others
70 THE UGANDA PHARMACEUTICAL amp MEDICAL PRODUCTS SECTOR
71 Overview
Over 90 per cent of Ugandarsquos drug needs is imported leaving only 10 per cent which is produced locally Imports of pharmaceutical and health products account for over 6 of total imports Pharmaceutical companies in Uganda are categorized into 2 groups the manufacturers and distributors The National Medical Stores imports most of the pharmaceutical and health products
Ugandarsquos Pharmaceutical and Medical products sector has witnessed steady growth trends since the 1990s There are currently 12 manufacturers1 engaged in the production of medicinal products and supplies such as tablets hard gelatin capsules injectables liquid mixtures and surgical gauze among others The number of pharmacies and drug shops has grown from 216 and 2700 in 2004 to 425 and 4370 respectively in 2008
Table 2 Pharmacies amp Drug Shops in Uganda 2004 to 20082004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pharmacies
216 263 326 336 425
Drug shops
2700 3000 3500 3900 4370
Source National Drug Authority
72 Government Policy
The National Drug Policy relates to the regulation of the importation production distribution marketing exportation and use of pharmaceuticals in the public as well as in the private sector and to any matter related to the above The National Drug Authority (NDA) is charged with the implementation of the National Drug Policy
All Statutory requirements are contained in - The National Drug Policy and Authority Statute 1993 The National Drug Policy and Authority (issue of licenses) Regulations 1993
1 8 are large scale whilst 4 are small scale9
The National Drug Policy and Authority (Certificate of Suitability of Premises) Regulations 1995
A number of guidelines and sops (standard operating procedures) which are obtainable from the National Drug Authority Head Office
National Drug AuthorityThe National Drug Authority (NDA) is an autonomous body set up by the government by statute No 13 of 1993 to implement the National Drug Policy based on the concept of Essential Drugs The importation of a drug requires the submission of a request to NDA which is examined and verified before permission to import is granted On arrival at specified ports of entry the medicines are checked for Quality Assurance Where need arises samples are taken for analysis at Quality Control Laboratories locally or abroad
Control of MedicinesIn Uganda medicines are classified into three categories-- Class A ndash Narcotics- Class B ndash Restricted medicines ndash prescription only drugsmedicines + pharmacy only medicines and- Class C ndash Over-the-counter (OTC) drugsmedicines
Class A and B are drugs which must be dispensed only on prescription by a registered medical Practitioner Dental Surgeon and Veterinary Surgeon
Drug RegistrationNDA registers drug products for use in the country after full details about the product and the research that has been carried out on it to assess its safety efficacy and quality is studied NDA examines all the research and test results in detail before a decision is made on whether the product should be granted registration in Uganda This process is expected to weed out substandard products and reduce the number of medicines circulating in the country to a manageable number which can be monitored effectively
Monitoring of MedicinesEven after medicines have been imported into the country or granted license to be manufactured in the country NDA through its inspectors monitors them while they are being used NDA inspectors carry out regular inspections of manufacturing plants pharmacies and drug shops
Requirements and Procedures to be followed by an Investor Setting Up a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants andor Pharmacies in Uganda
1048713 Suitable Premisesbull To avoid congestion and ensure equitable distribution of the services to the people national Drug Authority advises investors about the location of premises
10
bull The actual premisesbuilding must have all the appropriate compartments decorations and facilities for which a ldquoCertificate of Suitability of Premiserdquo is issued by the National Drug Authority after inspection and recommendation by the Drug Inspectorate
1048713 Pharmacistbull It is both a legal and professional requirement that all pharmacies and pharmaceutical industries must engage the services of a qualified pharmacist Pharmaceutical Industries may require more than one pharmacist andbull The pharmacist must be registered and resident in Uganda in case of a body cooperate or partnership at least one of the directors must be a pharmacist resident in Uganda1048713 Licensesbull Application forms can be obtained from the National Drug Authority Head office and the licenses are obtained from the Secretary National Drug Authoritybull The licenses that can be applied for include-- License to operate a pharmaceutical manufacturing business- License to operate a whole sale pharmacy- License to operate a retail pharmacy- Certificate of suitability of premises (Retail Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Whole Sale Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Manufacturing business) and- ImportExport permit
1048713 Proceduresbull Manufacturing must be under the direct supervision of a registered named production pharmacist In a large factory the deputy production pharmacist must be employed This pharmacist (and deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premisesbull The production pharmacist must be supported by suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved techniciansbull Quality control of manufactured products must be supervised by a registered named quality control pharmacist or chemist In a large factory a deputy quality control pharmacist must be employedbull The Quality control Pharmacist (deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premises andbull Suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved chemists must support the Quality Control Pharmacist
Licensing RequirementsTo be licensed the following must be submitted -bull A certificate of practice of the production pharmacistbull The certificate of the head of Quality ControlAssurance andA complete list of the products to be manufactured and their registration status
1048713 ImportExport
11
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Confirmed deposits include gold zinc wolfram petroleum diamonds vermiculite silica uranium and iron ore Government Commitment to Private Sector
Government and private sector dialogue in policy formulation are at the highest level and at the center of business development processes in the country A Presidential Investorrsquos Roundtable chaired by the Countryrsquos President is in place to ensure that government policies keep the private sector at the center Business Development Strategies including the Investment Climate Strategy (CICS) the National Export Strategy (NES) and other regulatory frameworks have all been put in place under Public - Private Sector Partnerships As a result many vibrant private sector associations have come up to advance their membersrsquo concerns
Cost and Trainable Labour
Uganda presently produces over 20000 University graduates per year The quality of this labour is one of the biggest attractions being a product of an education system with strong links with the British Education System inherited at independence The World Bank Doing Business Report (2006) ranks Uganda among the top 25 countries where hiring labour is simplest The country is also a regional base for training the labour force from the East African region Being among World Bankrsquos low income economy classification one of the key advantages of such an economy is low labor costs Using the GDP per capita as a proxy to gauge possible wage competitiveness an evaluation of Uganda with her immediate neighbours shows her in the fifth lowest per capita income bracket based on Purchasing Power Parity Using the conventional per capita measure Uganda has the third lowest as illustrated in the figure across
English Speaking Labour Force
Although English is an official language in most of the countries in East and Southern Africa it is not the primary language spoken by the majority of the population in any of them Uganda is however the only Country in East Africa where English is the sole official language Using the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) as an indicator of English language skills studies in the region have shown that Uganda ranks second in mean TOEFL score among the six neighboring Countries
Based on the scores it would appear that presently only Kenya and Uganda labour might have the requisite English language skills that are today vital for managing the rapidly changing global business where transactions are largely conducted in English
Protecting InvestorsThe countryrsquos investors have complete international protection made possible by the local laws and international conventions to which the country is signatory The Ugandan constitution (1995) and the Investment Code Act 2000 stipulate sufficient laws to protect investors rights and property The International Conventions and institutions to which Uganda is signatory include the Multi lateral Investment
8
Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) of US Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral award (CREFAA) and several others
70 THE UGANDA PHARMACEUTICAL amp MEDICAL PRODUCTS SECTOR
71 Overview
Over 90 per cent of Ugandarsquos drug needs is imported leaving only 10 per cent which is produced locally Imports of pharmaceutical and health products account for over 6 of total imports Pharmaceutical companies in Uganda are categorized into 2 groups the manufacturers and distributors The National Medical Stores imports most of the pharmaceutical and health products
Ugandarsquos Pharmaceutical and Medical products sector has witnessed steady growth trends since the 1990s There are currently 12 manufacturers1 engaged in the production of medicinal products and supplies such as tablets hard gelatin capsules injectables liquid mixtures and surgical gauze among others The number of pharmacies and drug shops has grown from 216 and 2700 in 2004 to 425 and 4370 respectively in 2008
Table 2 Pharmacies amp Drug Shops in Uganda 2004 to 20082004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pharmacies
216 263 326 336 425
Drug shops
2700 3000 3500 3900 4370
Source National Drug Authority
72 Government Policy
The National Drug Policy relates to the regulation of the importation production distribution marketing exportation and use of pharmaceuticals in the public as well as in the private sector and to any matter related to the above The National Drug Authority (NDA) is charged with the implementation of the National Drug Policy
All Statutory requirements are contained in - The National Drug Policy and Authority Statute 1993 The National Drug Policy and Authority (issue of licenses) Regulations 1993
1 8 are large scale whilst 4 are small scale9
The National Drug Policy and Authority (Certificate of Suitability of Premises) Regulations 1995
A number of guidelines and sops (standard operating procedures) which are obtainable from the National Drug Authority Head Office
National Drug AuthorityThe National Drug Authority (NDA) is an autonomous body set up by the government by statute No 13 of 1993 to implement the National Drug Policy based on the concept of Essential Drugs The importation of a drug requires the submission of a request to NDA which is examined and verified before permission to import is granted On arrival at specified ports of entry the medicines are checked for Quality Assurance Where need arises samples are taken for analysis at Quality Control Laboratories locally or abroad
Control of MedicinesIn Uganda medicines are classified into three categories-- Class A ndash Narcotics- Class B ndash Restricted medicines ndash prescription only drugsmedicines + pharmacy only medicines and- Class C ndash Over-the-counter (OTC) drugsmedicines
Class A and B are drugs which must be dispensed only on prescription by a registered medical Practitioner Dental Surgeon and Veterinary Surgeon
Drug RegistrationNDA registers drug products for use in the country after full details about the product and the research that has been carried out on it to assess its safety efficacy and quality is studied NDA examines all the research and test results in detail before a decision is made on whether the product should be granted registration in Uganda This process is expected to weed out substandard products and reduce the number of medicines circulating in the country to a manageable number which can be monitored effectively
Monitoring of MedicinesEven after medicines have been imported into the country or granted license to be manufactured in the country NDA through its inspectors monitors them while they are being used NDA inspectors carry out regular inspections of manufacturing plants pharmacies and drug shops
Requirements and Procedures to be followed by an Investor Setting Up a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants andor Pharmacies in Uganda
1048713 Suitable Premisesbull To avoid congestion and ensure equitable distribution of the services to the people national Drug Authority advises investors about the location of premises
10
bull The actual premisesbuilding must have all the appropriate compartments decorations and facilities for which a ldquoCertificate of Suitability of Premiserdquo is issued by the National Drug Authority after inspection and recommendation by the Drug Inspectorate
1048713 Pharmacistbull It is both a legal and professional requirement that all pharmacies and pharmaceutical industries must engage the services of a qualified pharmacist Pharmaceutical Industries may require more than one pharmacist andbull The pharmacist must be registered and resident in Uganda in case of a body cooperate or partnership at least one of the directors must be a pharmacist resident in Uganda1048713 Licensesbull Application forms can be obtained from the National Drug Authority Head office and the licenses are obtained from the Secretary National Drug Authoritybull The licenses that can be applied for include-- License to operate a pharmaceutical manufacturing business- License to operate a whole sale pharmacy- License to operate a retail pharmacy- Certificate of suitability of premises (Retail Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Whole Sale Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Manufacturing business) and- ImportExport permit
1048713 Proceduresbull Manufacturing must be under the direct supervision of a registered named production pharmacist In a large factory the deputy production pharmacist must be employed This pharmacist (and deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premisesbull The production pharmacist must be supported by suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved techniciansbull Quality control of manufactured products must be supervised by a registered named quality control pharmacist or chemist In a large factory a deputy quality control pharmacist must be employedbull The Quality control Pharmacist (deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premises andbull Suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved chemists must support the Quality Control Pharmacist
Licensing RequirementsTo be licensed the following must be submitted -bull A certificate of practice of the production pharmacistbull The certificate of the head of Quality ControlAssurance andA complete list of the products to be manufactured and their registration status
1048713 ImportExport
11
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) of US Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral award (CREFAA) and several others
70 THE UGANDA PHARMACEUTICAL amp MEDICAL PRODUCTS SECTOR
71 Overview
Over 90 per cent of Ugandarsquos drug needs is imported leaving only 10 per cent which is produced locally Imports of pharmaceutical and health products account for over 6 of total imports Pharmaceutical companies in Uganda are categorized into 2 groups the manufacturers and distributors The National Medical Stores imports most of the pharmaceutical and health products
Ugandarsquos Pharmaceutical and Medical products sector has witnessed steady growth trends since the 1990s There are currently 12 manufacturers1 engaged in the production of medicinal products and supplies such as tablets hard gelatin capsules injectables liquid mixtures and surgical gauze among others The number of pharmacies and drug shops has grown from 216 and 2700 in 2004 to 425 and 4370 respectively in 2008
Table 2 Pharmacies amp Drug Shops in Uganda 2004 to 20082004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pharmacies
216 263 326 336 425
Drug shops
2700 3000 3500 3900 4370
Source National Drug Authority
72 Government Policy
The National Drug Policy relates to the regulation of the importation production distribution marketing exportation and use of pharmaceuticals in the public as well as in the private sector and to any matter related to the above The National Drug Authority (NDA) is charged with the implementation of the National Drug Policy
All Statutory requirements are contained in - The National Drug Policy and Authority Statute 1993 The National Drug Policy and Authority (issue of licenses) Regulations 1993
1 8 are large scale whilst 4 are small scale9
The National Drug Policy and Authority (Certificate of Suitability of Premises) Regulations 1995
A number of guidelines and sops (standard operating procedures) which are obtainable from the National Drug Authority Head Office
National Drug AuthorityThe National Drug Authority (NDA) is an autonomous body set up by the government by statute No 13 of 1993 to implement the National Drug Policy based on the concept of Essential Drugs The importation of a drug requires the submission of a request to NDA which is examined and verified before permission to import is granted On arrival at specified ports of entry the medicines are checked for Quality Assurance Where need arises samples are taken for analysis at Quality Control Laboratories locally or abroad
Control of MedicinesIn Uganda medicines are classified into three categories-- Class A ndash Narcotics- Class B ndash Restricted medicines ndash prescription only drugsmedicines + pharmacy only medicines and- Class C ndash Over-the-counter (OTC) drugsmedicines
Class A and B are drugs which must be dispensed only on prescription by a registered medical Practitioner Dental Surgeon and Veterinary Surgeon
Drug RegistrationNDA registers drug products for use in the country after full details about the product and the research that has been carried out on it to assess its safety efficacy and quality is studied NDA examines all the research and test results in detail before a decision is made on whether the product should be granted registration in Uganda This process is expected to weed out substandard products and reduce the number of medicines circulating in the country to a manageable number which can be monitored effectively
Monitoring of MedicinesEven after medicines have been imported into the country or granted license to be manufactured in the country NDA through its inspectors monitors them while they are being used NDA inspectors carry out regular inspections of manufacturing plants pharmacies and drug shops
Requirements and Procedures to be followed by an Investor Setting Up a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants andor Pharmacies in Uganda
1048713 Suitable Premisesbull To avoid congestion and ensure equitable distribution of the services to the people national Drug Authority advises investors about the location of premises
10
bull The actual premisesbuilding must have all the appropriate compartments decorations and facilities for which a ldquoCertificate of Suitability of Premiserdquo is issued by the National Drug Authority after inspection and recommendation by the Drug Inspectorate
1048713 Pharmacistbull It is both a legal and professional requirement that all pharmacies and pharmaceutical industries must engage the services of a qualified pharmacist Pharmaceutical Industries may require more than one pharmacist andbull The pharmacist must be registered and resident in Uganda in case of a body cooperate or partnership at least one of the directors must be a pharmacist resident in Uganda1048713 Licensesbull Application forms can be obtained from the National Drug Authority Head office and the licenses are obtained from the Secretary National Drug Authoritybull The licenses that can be applied for include-- License to operate a pharmaceutical manufacturing business- License to operate a whole sale pharmacy- License to operate a retail pharmacy- Certificate of suitability of premises (Retail Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Whole Sale Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Manufacturing business) and- ImportExport permit
1048713 Proceduresbull Manufacturing must be under the direct supervision of a registered named production pharmacist In a large factory the deputy production pharmacist must be employed This pharmacist (and deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premisesbull The production pharmacist must be supported by suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved techniciansbull Quality control of manufactured products must be supervised by a registered named quality control pharmacist or chemist In a large factory a deputy quality control pharmacist must be employedbull The Quality control Pharmacist (deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premises andbull Suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved chemists must support the Quality Control Pharmacist
Licensing RequirementsTo be licensed the following must be submitted -bull A certificate of practice of the production pharmacistbull The certificate of the head of Quality ControlAssurance andA complete list of the products to be manufactured and their registration status
1048713 ImportExport
11
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
The National Drug Policy and Authority (Certificate of Suitability of Premises) Regulations 1995
A number of guidelines and sops (standard operating procedures) which are obtainable from the National Drug Authority Head Office
National Drug AuthorityThe National Drug Authority (NDA) is an autonomous body set up by the government by statute No 13 of 1993 to implement the National Drug Policy based on the concept of Essential Drugs The importation of a drug requires the submission of a request to NDA which is examined and verified before permission to import is granted On arrival at specified ports of entry the medicines are checked for Quality Assurance Where need arises samples are taken for analysis at Quality Control Laboratories locally or abroad
Control of MedicinesIn Uganda medicines are classified into three categories-- Class A ndash Narcotics- Class B ndash Restricted medicines ndash prescription only drugsmedicines + pharmacy only medicines and- Class C ndash Over-the-counter (OTC) drugsmedicines
Class A and B are drugs which must be dispensed only on prescription by a registered medical Practitioner Dental Surgeon and Veterinary Surgeon
Drug RegistrationNDA registers drug products for use in the country after full details about the product and the research that has been carried out on it to assess its safety efficacy and quality is studied NDA examines all the research and test results in detail before a decision is made on whether the product should be granted registration in Uganda This process is expected to weed out substandard products and reduce the number of medicines circulating in the country to a manageable number which can be monitored effectively
Monitoring of MedicinesEven after medicines have been imported into the country or granted license to be manufactured in the country NDA through its inspectors monitors them while they are being used NDA inspectors carry out regular inspections of manufacturing plants pharmacies and drug shops
Requirements and Procedures to be followed by an Investor Setting Up a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plants andor Pharmacies in Uganda
1048713 Suitable Premisesbull To avoid congestion and ensure equitable distribution of the services to the people national Drug Authority advises investors about the location of premises
10
bull The actual premisesbuilding must have all the appropriate compartments decorations and facilities for which a ldquoCertificate of Suitability of Premiserdquo is issued by the National Drug Authority after inspection and recommendation by the Drug Inspectorate
1048713 Pharmacistbull It is both a legal and professional requirement that all pharmacies and pharmaceutical industries must engage the services of a qualified pharmacist Pharmaceutical Industries may require more than one pharmacist andbull The pharmacist must be registered and resident in Uganda in case of a body cooperate or partnership at least one of the directors must be a pharmacist resident in Uganda1048713 Licensesbull Application forms can be obtained from the National Drug Authority Head office and the licenses are obtained from the Secretary National Drug Authoritybull The licenses that can be applied for include-- License to operate a pharmaceutical manufacturing business- License to operate a whole sale pharmacy- License to operate a retail pharmacy- Certificate of suitability of premises (Retail Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Whole Sale Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Manufacturing business) and- ImportExport permit
1048713 Proceduresbull Manufacturing must be under the direct supervision of a registered named production pharmacist In a large factory the deputy production pharmacist must be employed This pharmacist (and deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premisesbull The production pharmacist must be supported by suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved techniciansbull Quality control of manufactured products must be supervised by a registered named quality control pharmacist or chemist In a large factory a deputy quality control pharmacist must be employedbull The Quality control Pharmacist (deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premises andbull Suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved chemists must support the Quality Control Pharmacist
Licensing RequirementsTo be licensed the following must be submitted -bull A certificate of practice of the production pharmacistbull The certificate of the head of Quality ControlAssurance andA complete list of the products to be manufactured and their registration status
1048713 ImportExport
11
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
bull The actual premisesbuilding must have all the appropriate compartments decorations and facilities for which a ldquoCertificate of Suitability of Premiserdquo is issued by the National Drug Authority after inspection and recommendation by the Drug Inspectorate
1048713 Pharmacistbull It is both a legal and professional requirement that all pharmacies and pharmaceutical industries must engage the services of a qualified pharmacist Pharmaceutical Industries may require more than one pharmacist andbull The pharmacist must be registered and resident in Uganda in case of a body cooperate or partnership at least one of the directors must be a pharmacist resident in Uganda1048713 Licensesbull Application forms can be obtained from the National Drug Authority Head office and the licenses are obtained from the Secretary National Drug Authoritybull The licenses that can be applied for include-- License to operate a pharmaceutical manufacturing business- License to operate a whole sale pharmacy- License to operate a retail pharmacy- Certificate of suitability of premises (Retail Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Whole Sale Pharmacy)- Certificate of suitability of premises (Manufacturing business) and- ImportExport permit
1048713 Proceduresbull Manufacturing must be under the direct supervision of a registered named production pharmacist In a large factory the deputy production pharmacist must be employed This pharmacist (and deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premisesbull The production pharmacist must be supported by suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved techniciansbull Quality control of manufactured products must be supervised by a registered named quality control pharmacist or chemist In a large factory a deputy quality control pharmacist must be employedbull The Quality control Pharmacist (deputy where possible) must not supervise any other pharmaceutical business whether on the same or any other premises andbull Suitably qualified personnel such as pharmacists pharmacy technicians or approved chemists must support the Quality Control Pharmacist
Licensing RequirementsTo be licensed the following must be submitted -bull A certificate of practice of the production pharmacistbull The certificate of the head of Quality ControlAssurance andA complete list of the products to be manufactured and their registration status
1048713 ImportExport
11
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
bull An ImportExport permit (AnnualTemporary) must be obtained from the National Drug Authoritybull At least 3 copies of the proforma invoices are presented to the verification committee of the NDA for verification and endorsementbull Note an importer must obtain the proforma invoice and apply for verification before dispatch of medicines from supplierbull Only medicines registered and verified by NDA will be allowed entry into the countrybull On arrival of the drugs in the country inspection must be carried out at the port of entry and a National Drug Authority authorisationrejection report is issued by an Inspector of Drugs or Assistant Inspector of Drugs
1048713 Drug Registration and Product Licensebull All Pharmaceuticals to be imported or manufactured in Uganda must first be registered with the national Drug Authority andbull All manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in Uganda are required to apply for product license from the National Drug Authority
73 Changes in Industrial Production
The Annual Index of production for the Chemical and Pharmaceutical sector indicates general positive growth trends in the sector with a slight decline (47) from 190 in 2007 to 181 in 2008
Figure 1 Chemical amp Pharmaceutical Production 2004 ndash 2008
Source UBOS
74 Performance of the SectorThe percentage growth in the Chemical sector (Comprising Pharmaceuticals among others) has been 51 86 and -45 in the Financial Years 200506 200607 and 200708 respectively Projected Investment and Employment in the sector is estimated at US $ 68 million and 1778 jobs respectively (UIA Database)
12
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Volume of exports by September 2008 stood at 357321 kgs translating into US$ 32 million in export revenues Main export markets for Ugandarsquo pharmaceutical products are Rwanda Democratic Republic of Congo Tanzania and Southern Sudan
Table 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Exports by quantity 2003 ndash Sept 2008
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Sep-08Exports (Kg)
459059 361171 344516 188366 30564610 357321
Source UBOS 2008
Figure 2 Pharmaceutical amp Medical Products Exports by Value (US$) 2003 - Sept 2008
Source UBOS
90 percent of the pharmaceuticals sundries and medical products are imported accounting for 54 percent of Ugandarsquos total imports By 2008 imports in the sector stood at an estimated US$ 246 million (Figure 3) an increase from approximately US$ 176 million in 2007
Figure 3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Products Imports by Value 2004ndash 2008
13
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Source Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS Notes 2008 Data is provisionalThe major sources of Pharmaceuticals products are India China Pakistan United Kingdom Switzerland Germany and France among others By December 2008 431 foreign facilities had been licensed to export drugs to Uganda The largest distributor of pharmaceuticals in Uganda is National Medical Stores (NMS)2 which supplies majority of the medicines and equipment to government health units The second largest distributor is Joint Medical Stores whose functions are similar to those of NMS
75 Availability of Special Skills
Uganda currently has three Universities that provide Bachelorsrsquo degrees in Pharmacy These include Mbarara University of Science amp Technology (MUST) Makerere University Kampala (MUK) and Kampala International University (KIU) In addition there is a training institution for Pharmacy Technicians at the Mulago Paramedical School in Kampala MUK is now providing a degree course for Industrial Chemists
76 Key Strengths (Competitive Factors)
Quality Control The Sector is regulated by the National Drug Policy and Authority Act of Parliament 1993 which ensures that high quality efficacious and cost effective medicine (both human and veterinary) are availed to consumers
Ugandarsquos strategic location provides market access to neighboring countries such as Rwanda DR Congo and Sudan
Imports of Pharmaceuticals and Medical equipment are duty free
2 NMS is an autonomous government agency which procures stores and distributes drugs and supplies to the public sector
14
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Table 4 East Africa Pharmaceutical Market OverviewCountry Market Size (US$
millions)Market by Segment
()Market by Source
()2007 2014
(projected)
Branded Generic Domestic MNC
Kenya 210 560 44 56 28 72Tanzania 105 190 46 54 31 69Uganda 85 150 20 80 10 90Total 400 900
80 XYZ PHARMACYrsquoS VALUE PROPOSITION AND BRAND POSITIONING
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will seek to become an end-to end prescription pharmaceuticals provider to Ugandan customers In order to achieve this goal it will have a 3-Pronged Value Proposition ndash Quality Health and Services Exhibit 2 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Value Proposition Model
We believe that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can differentiate itself from the current players in the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market on the basis of two main factors ndash a) High Brand Value and b) Scientifically Researched amp Developed Products This will also allow XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd to pursue the premium pricing approach which will guarantee it a consistently strong financial performance Exhibit 3 shows XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd rsquos Product Positioning Map
90 MARKETING STRATEGY
In order to strategically use its limited resources and to minimize risk XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use a concentrated marketing approach and confine its efforts to Uganda and niche segments to build a strong brand image and gain a firm foothold in the Ugandan market XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also have to differentiate itself on the basis of the brand premium quality and pricing of the prescription pharmaceuticals that it will be sourcing directly from its manufacturer suppliers ndash both from within and outside Uganda Further XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall initially restrict itself to a limited number of pharmaceutical products on the Ugandan domestic market Once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has managed to establish itself on the market and gained a sizeable foothold it can then expand its range of offerings in phased fashion XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will also strive to build a strong corporate brand image in Uganda to expand its pharmaceuticals marketing and operational network on the Ugandan domestic market in order to complete its promise of becoming an end-to-end prescription pharmaceuticals provider in Uganda
15
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
To reduce risk and increase the chances of a successful product launches at its chosen retail salesmarketing location in Uganda we recommend that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd does simulated market testing followed by controlled market testing to ensure that its products are well accepted by the target segment during the actual launch Simulated testing involves observing the purchasing behavior of a focus group in a test environment containing various pharmaceutical products including those of competitors followed by a product satisfaction survey a few weeks later As part of controlled market testing XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will launch the product in a few pre-selected locations within around Kampala in order to gauge the consumer reaction to its products and then accordingly modify its strategy during the actual launch of the product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have to adapt its marketing strategy to suit the needs of the target Ugandan market This may result in higher initial costs but will help secure a larger market share and greater return To differentiate itself from its competitors XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd shall retain the globally recognized pharmaceutical brands of the suppliers of its products as well as its packaging pricing techniques communication advertising and promotion activities to target the affluent pharmaceutical consumer market segments in Uganda The detailed marketing plan is explained in Section 110 of this report
100 UGANDAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET SEGMENTATION amp IDENTIFYING THE MARKET SEGMENT
We used the following criteria to segment the Ugandan Pharmaceuticals Market and identify the Target Segment for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd
Measurability The size purchasing power and profile of the segment(s) should be quantifiable objectively
Accessibility The market segment(s) should have easy accessibility Substantiality The market segment(s) should be large and profitable enough
to serve Actionability Effective programs can be designed to attract and serve the
segment(s) Growth The segment(s) should be undergoing rapid growth Structural Attractiveness Avoid segments that have many strong and
aggressive competitors Company Objectives and Resources XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda
Ltdrsquos most profitable products are in the consumer pharmaceuticals group for children and women
Explanation of the Segmentation Process
16
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Level 0 Segmentation UsersNon-users of consumer prescription pharmaceutical products
Level 1 Segmentation IncomeThe population of Ugandans using prescription pharmaceutical products was divided into the low-income class lower middle upper middle and rich class users and others The use of prescription pharmaceutical products in Uganda to a good extent also depends on income levels However all levels of social strata in Uganda will be targeted for marketing by XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd since it will position itself to sell affordable and competitively priced prescription pharmaceuticals in Uganda as premium brands
Level 2 Segmentation GenderA substantially higher proportion of East African women (49) than men (37) are found to use prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and are thus identified as the primary target market
Level 3 Segmentation AgeWomen below the age of 15 are categorized as children and not included as the primary target segment as their health considerations differ from those of older women
Level 4 Segmentation GeographyConsumption of prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetic products in Uganda tends to follow an income distribution pattern which also follows a geographical trend In Uganda consumers of with the highest disposable income to purchase prescription pharmaceutical products are concentrated within and around Kampala ndash the administrative and business hub of Uganda and also from the major up-country urban centres in Uganda like Arua Mbale Gulu Jinja Masaka Mukono and Mbarara
110 MARKETING PLAN
111 Product
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plans to introduce to the Uganda pharmaceutical and cosmetics market a complete range of branded and generic prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical To ensure that it enjoys unrestricted pharmaceutical and cosmetics sales and marketing rights in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will acquire a license that authorizes it to import stock distribute and wholesaleretail a comprehensive inventory of prescriptionOTC pharmaceuticals whose details are provided in the Essential Drug List for Uganda 1996
17
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
The packaging of the drugs should reflect the premium positioning and value proposition of the product The packaging and labeling must meet the requirements of the Ugandan prescription pharmaceutical and cosmetics consumer market Packaging must ensure that the medicines are not affected by temperature light transportation and storage Polyethylene liners may be heat sealed to give an air-tight closure While vacuum packing is not generally used it is effective in preserving quality and compresses the product package into a smaller volume which can lead to savings in freight costs Packets for palletization are suitable since they reduce handling and hence damage to the product There should be consistency of packaging and package sizes an orderly loading of containers shipping marks on the master pack and article numbers on the inner packs Shipping containers must be clearly stamped or stenciled on a minimum of two sides with all code markings and in waterproof ink The packages should be sturdy enough for multiple handling Reusable rather than disposable packaging addresses environmental concerns of the Uganda Proper packaging is important since sub-standard packaging may damage the product and create problems for the marketing the goods and conflict with the image of ldquohigh qualityrdquo
112 Pricing
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adopt a pharmaceutical product pricing and sales margin policy whose details are displayed in Tables 5a amp 5b below
Table 5a Private Prescription MedicationsTypes or Cost of Items Margin
lt$100 20-30
gt$100 25-35
Known Value Items (KVIs such as Combined Oral Contraceptives or
phosphodiesterase inhibitors) 20
Table 5b Non-Prescription Medications
Non Prescription Product Lines Margin
KVIs [includes OTC analgesics specific supplements (eg fish oil and
glucosamine) skin care oral health and gastro-health]
Meet the competition pricing
18
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Conventional pharmacy lines 35
The rationale for the pricing strategy is ldquoValue Based Pricingrdquo based on an analysis of purchasing power of the target segment and the current customer spending on pharmaceutical products Concerns on health and need for good quality are on the rise and correspondingly the willingness to spend on premium value medicine is increasing
Our key objective is to provide a broad range of prescriptionOTCvaccine medications and cosmetics to our valued customers at the most affordable and competitive prices on the market We will be able to sell our product range at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting the entire segments of the market - those customers who pay for their medicines and those who take on credit for not more than thirty days (especially the bulk-purchasing wholesale consumers)
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd plan focuses on attracting more customers basing on competitive market pricing of its medicines that will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
113 Promotion
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will rely on a multi-pronged approach for marketing its prescription and OTC pharmaceuticals in Uganda It will set aside a significant promotions budget of about UShs 4 million per month for promotions in 2011 The major factors that affect the decision of Ugandan customers in the purchase of pharmaceutical products are familyfriend (36) health books (18) and medical practitioners (9) Hence it is essential to use the promotion budget in those vehicles which can help generate curiosity awareness and a positive word of mouth in the market This will ensure that once XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd has cleared the barrier of developing an initial customer base set up in Uganda it will have a self-sustained advertising medium XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos public relations activities advertising sales promotions in-store promotions and direct mailing will all be designed with this in mind
Pull Strategies
Advertising XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should focus its advertising on its pharmaceutical productsrsquo benefits and on the research and development capacity of its major suppliers This will help build consumer confidence on the high quality of its imported products It should also associate itself with health and fitness experts and sports icons to further augment its brand image
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use multiple media vehicles to reach the target customers It should run ads on existing TV channels which is a relatively inexpensive medium for running television ads as compared to other
19
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
channels Advertising in men and women health magazines should also be a primary means of reaching the health conscious affluent men and women in Uganda Radio ads run during morning and evening primetime are very reasonably priced and can prove to be a very important tool for brand building Billboards placed at strategic locations such as downtown areas near health clubs near pharmacies etc are an effective and enduring way of reaching the target customers XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should have a daily advertisement (25 lines) in the two leading newspapers in Uganda (eg The New Vision and The Daily Monitor) Online ads and banners on health related websites should also be used to target the tech-savvy consumers of Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also develop its own website to further advertise its products and build its image as a reliable pharmaceutical products provider
Public Relations XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should work towards building a good corporate image by ensuring that occasional articles on XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products appear in health magazines and print media Additionally the public relations effort may include charity events and supplying free samples on special public heath eventsdays in Uganda XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should participate in social causes related to public health issues to create awareness and goodwill for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd and its products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also participate in annual health shows that are organized to raise public and individual health awareness in Uganda
Push Strategies
Sales Promotions We recommend the use of the following sales promotions at different times during the year Free samples should be given to public and private health practitioners (eg hospitalshealth centres private clinicsdomiciliaries and the smaller retail pharmacies) who can then distribute those to their customers As part of a major promotion strategy a free sample can be distributed with each copy of one of the leading men and women healthcare magazines XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd can also sell value packs (two for the price of one) while launching new pharmaceutical products on the market add coupons in pharmaceutical product packs which give a discount (5-10) for the next purchase and can also bundle other items such as key chains pens coffee mugs caps T-shirts (with the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd name and logo) to build the brand and to increase sales XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should also have campaigns wherein customers can win attractive prizes such as television digital cameras and music systems with purchases of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products
20
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
In-store promotions XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should offer trade discounts to retailers to secure prime shelf space in their stores periodically pay extra for prominent spaces have campaigns for XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd products during which they are attractively displayed with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd banners
Direct Mail XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should purchase the list of the major pharmaceutical product consumers in Uganda (data driven market research) and send catalogues brochures etc specifically targeted at these users Customer information required for direct mail campaigns can be obtained from organized health clubs and associations medical andor pharmaceutical societies and the retail channels that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be affiliated to
114 Distribution
There are three main distribution channels which XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should adopt in Uganda health food stores pharmacies and public and private health practitioners The online channel is not recommended due to low ROI (Return on Investment) from this channel
XYZ Pharmacy RetailWholesale Outlet Given the convenient location of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd wholesaleretail outlet in Mukono town we stand a significant salesmarketing advantage in the sense that it is within touching distance of Kampala city and its suburbs of Bweyogerere Kiira TC as well as Seeta TC This will make it easy for various categories of consumers to purchase and collect pharmaceuticalcosmetic products with ease while also enabling to build our image and reputation as purveyors of unrivalled and peerless service and quality drugs that should aid in rapid sales growth and enterprise development
Health Food Product Stores XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should primarily target these stores for sale of their products through their established distribution networks
Public and Private Health Practitioners XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd must try and use Public and Private Health Care Practitioners to capture new adopters of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd should use this channel sparingly given that there are many players fighting for this channel already
120 ORGANIZATION PLAN amp MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
121 Mission Vision amp Values
We believe that the mission of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd in Uganda should be inline with the companyrsquos mission of ldquoPromoting and Sustaining the Health of Ugandansrdquo Further the companyrsquos vision should reflect the desire to have a truly national market presence and impact
21
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
122 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Mission Statement
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos mission is to provide our valued customers with the best prices and quality for their prescriptionOTC medications and cosmetics We would like to use our convenience and services to exceed the expectations of our customers
123 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Vision
ldquoTo have a regional market presence and impact in high-value but competitively-priced prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical productsrdquo
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Values
Focus ndash Our customers Quality ndash Superior products People ndash Very caring Research ndash Path breaking Style ndash Strong teamwork Position ndash Leader Reward ndash Recognition and security
22
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Figure 4 Strategic Diagram showing all aspects of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd business
Financial Perspective
Customer Perspective
Internal Perspective
Learning amp Intangible AssetsGrowth Perspective
23
Optimise asset utilisation
Increase cost efficiency
Enhance customer value
Expand revenue opportunities
Sustain revenue growth at 7 pa
Productivity Strategy
Revenue Growth Strategy
Quality Products
Community spirit
Right Price
Individualized care
Approachable staff
Professional advice
Operations Management
Processes
Adhering to Compounding Standards for quality customized products
Maintaining good supplier relations
Utilising latest technology
Efficient product distribution
Customer Management
Processes
Ability to tailor healthcare for each individual customer
Providing our products and services for all types of industries
Expanding our community-outreach network and other professional bodies
Innovation Processes
Fulfilling the distinctive and expanded roles of each pharmacist
Building an interactive website ndash a central hub of information for customers staff and other HCPs
Human resources management
Regulatory and Social Processes
Involvement in community charity events
Liaising with surrounding healthcare providers and hospitals
Meeting community healthcare responsibilities
Values
Skills and knowledge
Training and development
Systems
Databases
Networks
Culture
Leadership
Empowerment
Alignment
Teamwork
Human Capital
Information Capital
Organization Capital
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
124 Start-up Summary
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will incur the following start-up equipment costs
Office equipment including chairs file cabinets and desks Front counter storage bins cash register
One computer terminal with a laser printer and back-up system
Software Microsoft Office QuickBooks Pro drug interaction software Physician Desk Reference software detailing side effects and other information pertinent to the customer
Assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Scales for shipping
Storefront build-out
Start-up inventory
Rent utilities insurance
Please note that these items will be used for more than one year and will therefore be labeled long-term assets depreciated using GAAP approved straight-line depreciation
Table 6 Start-up Summary
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
1 Expensed Equipment 80000002 Partitioning 70000003 Full computer set with a laser printer
and back up system 12500004 Computer software 5500005 Installation of computer system 9000006 Legal expenses 20000007 Electricity (first 5 months) 5000008 Rent (first 5 months) 25000009 Salary for Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000
10 Salaries for 3 Dispensing Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000
11 Purchase of drugspharmaceuticals 1000000012 Purchase of cosmetics 5000000
TOTAL 50000000
24
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
125 Legal description of the company
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a legally-registered and incorporated business entity in Uganda specializing in the importation distribution wholesale and retail of prescriptionOTC pharmaceutical products
As a fully registered business entity XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is subject to the laws of Uganda in which it operates and will maintain proper records and file tax returns as required
126 XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos Proposed Organization Structure
Refer to Exhibit 4 for the Reporting Structure of the XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd management team vis-agrave-vis the companyrsquos top level management
The principal head of the company will be the Board of Directors who will defer to the Executive Director for the overall routine management and stewardship of company affairs There will be one line General Manager reporting directly to the Executive Director This one will be the General Manager ndash Operations who will directly oversee and manage the integral operational aspects of the company
Since XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos focus will be on marketing the Marketing Manager will report directly to GM ndash Operations The Marketing Manager will be responsible for all aspects of marketing and will assist the GM ndash Operations in Retail Distributor Relationship Management which is key to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos business model He will also oversee CRM (Customer Relationship Management) efforts that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd operates
Also a Research and Development Coordinator will act as a link between the Uganda Government and XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos RampD division for matters regarding certification product safety etc This coordinator will report directly to GM ndash Operations on product quality safety matters and development of new product variants
The Logistics Manager will be in-charge of coordinating product distributor operations forecasting and handling inbound and outbound traffic including customs He will also assist the Marketing Manager in fostering strong relationships with the distributors
130 HUMAN RESOURCES
131 Our Culture
At XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd our culture will be one of exemplary leadership professionalism transparency and empowerment ndash values that extend to our external dealings with the community and wider professional network Learning is life-long and hence XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will invest a substantial portion of human capital on training in a variety of
25
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
health topics and products as well as personal development areas such as leadership and time management
The Right Staff
A team is only as strong as the weakest member within it and therefore we look for high calibre staffs who share the same cultural values we stand for Having the right mindset is critical in our selection process We look for positivity contribution motivation initiative and independence in our staff
132 Staff Training and Development
A business will only grow as fast as the people within it The philosophy behind our staff training and development falls under two streams ndash professional and personal development as shown in Figure 5 This will ensure not only better delivery of health information to our community but also strengthen inter-professional networks and team dynamics
133 Staff Retention and Innovation
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will introduce quarterly workshops that will also coincide with staff evaluation A 360 degree appraisal will be carried out for each staff member to provide feedback on their performance and address any individual concerns A confidential questionnaire will also be filled out to obtain levels of staff satisfaction and any perceived weaknesses of the business
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd functions around a horizontal organizational structure where transparency between the directors and staff is vital to making key decision processes in the company Thus creativity and innovative ideas will not be stifled We will nurture talented staff to reach their full potential should they develop interest in specific aspects of our pharmacy We will provide funding and mentorship in small-scale self-directed projects to further their interests and thereby enriching their experience with XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd An example could be conducting market research in a niche area of interest Keeping their interests alive is one way we can retain talented staff
26
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Tangible Stream Intangible Stream
27
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
XYZ PHARMACY amp COSMETICS
UGANDA LTD STAFF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development
Online modules to be completed every fortnight on the XYZ Pharmacy Ltd interactive website
Fortnightly product training on specific health focus areas
Personal Development
Emotional intelligenceLeadership skillsTime managementCommunication skills
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Monthly Operation
Informal assessment on health focus areas
Case-based scenariosMain issues related to topics
assessed
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Quarterly Operation
Workshop on each area held quarterly
Taught by external consultantsStaff feedback also given
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
Maintenance of clinical competency
Greater depth of understanding of common health issues and product knowledge
Up-to-date sound professional advice
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
bull Increased self-awarenessbull Increased time-efficiency and hence productivitybull Increased personal confidencebull Improved delivery of customer servicebull Strengthening of inter-professional relationshipsbull Improved team dynamics
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Figure 5 Flowchart of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff development and training process
140 OPERATIONAL STRATEGY amp IMPLEMENTATION
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will use its strategic town location as well as newspaper FM radio and TV adverts to develop visibility and disseminate information
141 Competitive Edge
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltdrsquos competitive edge will be its superior pricing To do that we must maintain our position as the low cost provider by painstakingly ensuring that costs are kept low through operating efficiencies
We will be able to do that by eliminating some of the services traditionally offered by pharmacies For example we will employ only one pharmacist and use dispensing nurses to fill the void As long as a pharmacist is on site during the hours of operation we can use the dispensing nurses for all other capacities where other pharmacies use pharmacists Other efficiencies are created by having only a small store front
Finally XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is not designed to hold the patients hand during their purchase We expect that the vast majority of our customers will already be informed of how to take the medication and any side effects or drug interactions that should be avoided We will simply provide each patient with a print out of all the relevant information for consumption of the medication
142 Marketing Strategy
The marketing strategy will be based on targeted advertisements appealing to the customers sense of value The marketing campaigns goal will to be increase awareness of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd with their target market
143 Sales Strategy
The sales strategy will be based on generating long-term relationships with customers To facilitate that we will provide medications at superior prices have medicines in stock for both quick shipment and store front pick up and provide superior customer service All sales agents will be trained to provide friendly knowledgeable customer service By keeping to these simple yet effective business practices we expect that our customers will make XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd their exclusive source for medications For some
28
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
medications are an integral part of their lives so establishing long-term relationships will ensure a large loyal customer base
1431 Sales Forecast
During the first fortnight (2 weeks) we will focus on setting up the store front and generating both local and national visibility Sales activity will begin in the third week of the first month Sales during the first year of business will mainly consist of local business through the store front However for years two and three of business we expect to see a jump in sales from market consolidation and economies of scale Sales will grow steadily in business year two and three by a growth factor of 25 and 20 respectively
144 Milestones
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will have several milestones early on
Officebusiness set up Establishment of the first strategic relationship
Profitability
150 OPERATIONS PLAN
All business operations will be evaluated according to their feasibility and the feedback we receive from our internal and external stakeholders This will ensure optimal business growth and smooth running of daily trading
151 Trading
Day Trading HoursMonday - Friday 830 am ndash 605 pm
Saturday 9 am ndash 105 pmSunday Closed
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd distributionwholesaleretail pharmacy outlet will be insured under the relevant insurance policies which cover lsquoProfessional Indemnity and Business Insurancersquo At a later stage the management will also undertake extra security measures at these outlets by installing in each two surveillance cameras and a back-to-base alarm system
152 LeaseRegulatory Issues
bull To be negotiated for a period of 5 years from settlement datebull Two 5 year options available after the first 5 year term as finishedbull Rent at a total fixed rate of UShs 500000= from January 2011 ndash 31st December 2011
29
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
153 Quality Assurance
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will adhere to the applicable and appropriate Quality AssuranceQuality Control programmes pertaining to pharmaceutical distributiontrading practices in Uganda
154 IT Component
We will implement a new point of sales (POS) system and train staff on its operation to ensure optimal utilization The dispensary and front-of-shop (FOS) computers will be networked and uploaded for smooth business running
155 Technology
XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will at some later stage also develop and launch an interactive website Market research has revealed that an increasing number of Ugandan pharmaceutical product usersconsumers are becoming tech-savvy in the knowledge use and application of internet-based information resources such as the use of an interactive health informative website created by the pharmacy This service will allow the business to keep in communication with an increasingly technologically savvy generation of Ugandans We will also consider the addition of pouch packaging technology and a robotic dispenser on evaluation of our prescription and dose administration aid volume in the future
160 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Refer Financial Performance Exhibits 15 to 28 for projected net income statements
161 Source of Funds There are two (2) main sources for financing of this pharmaceutical and cosmetics trading project
The first source of funds is the project promoterrsquos own contribution (equity financing) that has been raised from personal savings and other diversified personal sources of income The project promoter expects to raise UShs 10 million as personal equity contribution towards the total capital cost of the project
The second source of project financing will be a soft loan of UShs 40 million that will be raised form a young entrepreneurrsquos development agency that will be applicable over a two (2) year financing period
162 Application of Funds
Equity (personal contributions) will be used to finance legal expenses for setting up the business and pay for purchases of an assortment of business
30
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
operating equipment such as office equipment (eg chairs file cabinets and desks) front counter storage bins and cash register as well as assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
Soft loan funding (UShs 40 million) will be used to finance partitioning and computer set and software and installation charges plus covering up for payments for electricity rent and payroll expenses for the first five months of the project and the first monthrsquos inventory stock of drugs and cosmetics to stock up the pharmacy retailwholesale shop worth UShs 15 million
170 BUSINESS RISKS
171 Regulatory Risks
The Ugandan pharmaceutical products market is a relatively mature one and is well regulated by governments at present However given that this is a fast growing segment in healthcare the government may impose yet stricter regulations in the future especially related to safety standards Mitigation Steps Develop good relationship with the government and create a premium brand image supported by high quality and scientifically developed products
172 Competitive Risks
The pharmaceutical products market in Uganda can be expected to attract many players in the near future because of its attractiveness (as a result of accelerated regional economic growth leading to increased average per capita incomes) An entry by a ldquoBrand amp Researchrdquo oriented competitor can result in XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd facing tough times in its niche segment
Mitigation Steps Build a strong brand name in Uganda quickly to gain the ldquofirst mover advantagerdquo and also lock in the major pharma-product distributors (and through them the retailers)
173 Litigation Risks
The Pharmaceuticals industry is susceptible to litigation risks
Mitigation Steps Contract a reputed legal firm(s) to sort out the legal issues within wider East African market
31
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Exhibit 1 The Five Forces Analysis for Industry Attractiveness
Rule The Weaker the Forces the Higher will be the Profitability amp Attractiveness of the Industry
32
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
No major players in the marketLow product differentiationLow capital requirementsLimited access to distribution channelsLow economies of scaleLiberal government policyFew patents
Many small suppliersGeographically distributedLess forward integrationLow Bargaining Power
DistributorHigh volumeChoice of many small suppliersConsumerLow volume purchasesWide choice of herbal productsLow differentiation Low availability
Regular use prescription medicinesNon-prescription OTC medicinesAyurvedic medicines
Many small competitors No major brands
Barriers to Entry
Supplier Power
Buyer Power
Threat of Substitutes
Competitive Rivalry
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
HIGH
Forces Analysis EffectIndustry
Attractiveness
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Exhibit 2
XYZ PHARMACY (U) LTDrsquoS 3-PRONGED VALUE PROPOSITION TO CUSTOMERS
Quality
Safety
Efficacy
Research
Brand
Service
Prescription Pharmaceutical Clinics
Consultancy
Helplines
Health
Longevity
Immunity
Energy
33
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Exhibit 3
XYZ Pharmacy Product Positioning
XYZ Pharmacy
Competitors
SourcingProduction of Scientifically-Researched amp Developed Products
34
Brand Image
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Exhibit 4 Proposed Future Management Structure
Exhibit 5
Proposed Future Head Count in Different Departments
Department Finance amp Invoicing
Marketing amp CRM
Material Management
RampD Support
HR
35
Board of Directors
Executive Director
GM ndash Operations
Research amp Developmen
t Coordinator
Manager ndash Admin amp
HR
Marketing
Manager
Materials
Logistics Manager
Finance Manager
Finance Department
Logistics Dept
Marketing Dept (Wholesale and
Retail)
Customer Relationship Management
Dept
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
amp LogisticsHead Count (Direct Employees)
3 5 2 1 2
Contract Employees 2 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Employees (including GM)
20
Exhibit 6 Evaluation of Distribution Alternatives
Factors Selling directly to
retailers
Selling to distributors
Investment High Low
Feasibility Low High
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
Warehouse required Yes No (Use distributors)
Exhibit 7 Evaluation of Retail Alternatives
Factors Setting up City
Pharmacy Chain of
Retail Stores
Use of Existing Retailer
Network
Investment High Low
Implementation Time High Low
Feasibility High Medium
Resources required High Low
Margins for City Pharmacy High Low
Administration Complex Easy
36
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
37
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
EXHIBIT 8a 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 1) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds400000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4000000
0
Personal Contribution100000
00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1000000
0
Drug Sales200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
00200000
002400000
00
Cosmetics Sales100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
00100000
001200000
00
Total revenues80000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
00030000
000410000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Gross Margin65000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
00015000
000230000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
0246000
02952000
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
0600000
07200000
0
Depreciation 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 867000 8670001040400
0
Electricity 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000 1200000
Insurance200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Rent 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000 6000000
Legal Expenses200000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2000000
Expensed Equipment800000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8000000
Total Op Expenses21927
00099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
0099270
00131124
000
OPERATING PROFIT43073
00050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
0050730
00988760
00
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0015000
0020000
0020000
0020000
0020000
00200000
00
NET PROFIT41573
00035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0035730
0030730
0030730
0030730
0030730
00788760
00
NET CASH BALANCE415730
00357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0357300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0307300
0
38
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
CASH BAL BF 0415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00
CASH BAL CF415730
00451460
00487190
00522920
00558650
00594380
00630110
00665840
00696570
00727300
00758030
00788760
00
EXHIBIT 8b 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 2) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
00250000
003000000
00
Cosmetics Sales125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
00125000
001500000
00
Total revenues37500
00037500
00037500
000375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00375000
00450000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
002250000
00
Gross Margin18750
00018750
00018750
000187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00187500
00225000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
0258300
03099600
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
0630000
07560000
0
Depreciation 108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
0108400
01300800
0
Electricity 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 110000 1320000
Insurance245000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2450000
Rent 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 550000 6600000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses14077
00010627
00010627
000106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00106270
00130974
000
OPERATING PROFIT46730
0081230
0081230
00812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0812300
0940260
00
39
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Loan Service
Loan Repayments150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
02000000
0
Total Loan Service15000
0015000
0015000
00150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0150000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
0200000
00
NET PROFIT31730
0066230
0066230
00662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0740260
00
NET CASH BALANCE317300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0662300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0612300
0
CASH BAL BF788760
00820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000
CASH BAL CF820490
00886720
00952950
00101918
000108541
000115164
000121787
000128410
000134533
000140656
000146779
000152902
000
EXHIBIT 8c 3-YEAR FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENT FOR A DRUGS AND COSMETICS SHOP (YEAR 3) - UG SHSITEMMONTH 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TOTALSCASH INFLOWS
Loan Funds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Personal Contribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Drug Sales300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
00300000
003600000
00
Cosmetics Sales150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
00150000
001800000
00
Total revenues450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00450000
00540000
000
CASH OUTFLOWS
Direct Cost of Sales225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
002700000
00
Gross Margin225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00225000
00270000
000Operating Expenses
Payroll271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
0271200
03254400
0
Sales + General +
Administrative Exp661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
0661500
07938000
0
Depreciation 130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
0130050
01560600
0
Electricity 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 120000 1440000
Insurance290000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2900000
40
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Rent 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 600000 7200000
Legal Expenses100000
0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1000000Expensed Equipment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Op Expenses152475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00113475
00140070
000
OPERATING PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000
Loan Service
Loan Repayments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total Loan Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NET PROFIT725250
0111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00111525
00129930
000NET CASH BALANCE
7252500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
11152500
CASH BAL BF152902
000160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500
CASH BAL CF160154
500171307
000182459
500193612
000204764
500215917
000227069
500238222
000249374
500260527
000271679
500282832
000
41
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Exhibit 9 EXPLANATORY NOTES AND ASSUMPTIONS TO FORECAST NET INCOME STATEMENTS
A Business Concept
The main goal of our retail pharmacy and cosmetics (XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd) shop is to provide prescription medications and cosmetics products for our customers at the lowest prices on the market We will be able to sell prescriptions at reduced prices by carefully maintaining efficiencies in our operations and by targeting a specific segment of the market - those customers who pay for their prescription medications themselves By focusing on this segment it gives us additional efficiencies - we avoid disruptions in cash flow often associated with insurance payments and we can eliminate unnecessary services for the type of knowledgeable repeat customer taking maintenance-type medication
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will operate from one storeshop front that will primarily serve retail customers and a few wholesale buyers We will thrive by employing friendly and knowledgeable personnel which along with our great prices will drive the repeat business that we will rely upon We only expect that as the price of medication continues to skyrocket The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will appeal more and more to the customers sense of value and convenience
Our advertising mainly through ads in newspapers and magazines targeted across various pharmaceuticalcosmetics market segments will be targeted at those who are looking to save money on a pricey but necessary and regular expense
The XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd will be led by Ms Nancy Miriam a Bachelors of Pharmacy graduate from Makerere University with experience in the pharmaceutical industry Costs will be minimized by maintaining only one pharmacist and filling the void with pharmaceutical techs We expect to reach profitability right from the first year of trading and will generate substantial sales by year two
B Revenue Assumptions
Revenue assumptions for this pharmaceuticalcosmetics retail trading business consist of sales of OTC (over-the-counter) prescriptions and cosmetics on a month-by-month basis Revenue assumptions used in the cash flow depict monthly sales of UShs 20 million and UShs 10 million for OTC prescriptions and cosmetics products respectively during the first year of trading Monthly sales are thereafter projected to increase by 25 in the second year of business and by a further 20 increment in the third year of trading
42
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
C Direct Cost of Sales
Direct cost of sales are the month-on-month direct expenditures on pharmaceutical and cosmetics inventory purchases Direct cost of sales is 50 of the projected monthly sales revenues
D Operating Expenses
Payroll This operating expense line indicates the monthly salary and emoluments payments to XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd staff that include one trained pharmacist and 3 dispensing nurses The pharmacist will be paid a monthly salary and benefits package of UShs 12 million while each one of the dispensing nurses will earn a monthly payroll package of UShs 420000 Payroll expenses are projected to increase by a factor of 5 per cent per annum
SGA (Sales + General + Administrative Expenses) This operating expense line includes the general business overheads of running andor operating the pharmacycosmetics retailwholesale business in terms of sales and marketing promotions and routine administrative expenses that may include stationery phone bills office administration as well as all the contingency and miscellaneous expenditures put together in a given trading period We project to spend UShs 6 million per month on SGA in the first year This SGA expense is then set to increase by 5 per cent per annum thereafter
Depreciation We have used an average asset (including trading inventory) depreciation rate of 289 per month of total monthly sales revenues ndash which is based on the assumption that Depreciation is 10 of Fixed Assets Since the cash flows show an increasing trend in periodical sales revenues depreciation rates are also expected to move up in a similar fashion
Electricity These are the monthly utility bills that the pharmacycosmetics retail business expects to pay on electricity consumption basically Starting off at a modest UShs 100000 per month payments for the electricity utility are also expected to go up by 10 per annum in tandem with prevailing inflation rate trends
Insurance Since all the assets stock of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd have to be insured comprehensively against all manner of risks and liabilities we assume that we incur an insurance expense of about 1 on the market value of all core business assets It is upon applying this ratio that the insurance premium cost progressively moves up from UShs 2000000 in the first year to UShs 2450000 in the second year and eventually peaking to UShs 2900000 by the third year ndash reflecting a growing business trend for the business assets Insurance premiums are paid once a year ndash only in the first month of each business year
43
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
Rent XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd is a new pharmacycosmetics trading enterprise and is therefore staring out in hiredrented premises Rental costs for a space that is deemed adequate and sufficient for this type of business in Mukono town are currently UShs 500000 per month Rental costs are projected to increase by a factor of 10 per annum ndash in line with prevailing inflationary trends in the economy
Legal Expense This is an expense line that covers and includes such item as company registration acquisition of pharmaceutical trading license payment of affiliation fees with the relevant professional bodiesorganizations etc Legal expenses are a flat-line expense that is paid out only once a year (ie usually in the first month) Cash flows show that the legal expense is UShs 2 million in the first year while it reduces to UShs 1 million in the second year and third year respectively This is explained by the fact that there are more company-formation legal expenses that are incurred at the commencement of business in the first year as compared to the subsequent trading years
Expensed Equipment This expense line is only shown for the first year of business This is due to the fact that money is spent on purchasing capital equipment for internal use within the company premises and making the appropriate installations only once Expensed equipment expenditure is also reflected in the Start Up expenses of the Business Plan literature and includes inter alia items like ndash office equipment (chairs file cabinets desks etc) front counter storage bins cash register and assorted bottles boxes envelopes etc for dispensing and shipment
D Accounting Policies
Applicable Loan Facility
Starting the pharmaceuticalcosmetics trading business will require a capital injection of UShs 50 million The principal project promoter of XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd ndash Ms Nancy Miriam will make a personal equity injection of UShs 10 million towards the total initial project capital cost The project promoter then expects to raise the balance of UShs 40 million as a soft loan facility We have assumed that this loan will be recoverable in a period of 3 years from the date of contraction The table below shows the breakdown of start-up project costs and source of funding
44
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
SNo
Expense Item Start Up Cost (UShs)
Financing (UShs)Loan Funds Own Funds
1 Expensed Equipment 8000000 0 8000000
2 Partitioning 7000000 7000000 03 Full computer set
with a laser printer and back up system
1250000 1250000 0
4 Computer software
550000 550000 0
5 Installation of computer system 900000 900000 0
6 Legal expenses 2000000 0 20000007 Electricity (first 5
months) 500000 500000 08 Rent (first 5
months) 2500000 2500000 09 Salary for
Pharmacist (first 5 months) 6000000 6000000 0
10 Salaries for 3 Nurses (first 5 months) 6300000 6300000 0
11 Purchase of drugs 10000000 10000000 012 Purchase of
cosmetics 5000000 5000000 0TOTAL 50000000 40000000 10000000
Repayment of Principal
The UShs 50 million loan facility is to be repaid to the lending institution in two (2) equal annual principal installments amounting to UShs 20 million each pa (Ref to Cash Flow Analysis tables Year 1 ndash Year 3)
The proposed loan facility recovery schedule in this respect serves an instructional purpose and should thus be viewed as a functional pointer on the recovery schedule that XYZ Pharmacy amp Cosmetics Uganda Ltd proposes to employ in its efforts to recover the credit facility out of the financial resources and operating income generated by the sustained operational management of the pharmaceuticalcosmetics retailing business within the proposed timeframe
45
46
46
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