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D T
NO 9 _
LSH PFS
SPECIAL DECKS OR SPECIAL
SHAPES
ARE SOMETIMES REQUIRED
FOR
SPECIAL JOBS.
WITH
OUR BENDING
EQUIPMENT
AT UNITED
STEEL
DECK.
INC.
WE HAVE PRODUCED
THE
SHAPES SHOWN BELOW:
3-L
12
GAGE SUPPORT TRACK.
V,
-.E
A...__ . . . I o o : : ~ J - - _ - ' L _
12
GAGE
TOP
HAT /
16
GAGE BOTTOM
PLATE
, . 24 , , T
HEAVY
SLAB
FORM.
2
::[
L.,.
, . . ,
% FORMED PLATE
-
HEAT SHIELD
.
%
FORMED
PLATE
-
SPECIAL ANGLE.
16 GAGE CANOPY DECK OF
PRE-PAINTED STEEL.
I
16
' 1
IF
YOU
NEED A
UNIQUE
SECTION
OR
IF
YOU
SIMPLY REQUIRE A SOURCE
FOR
BENT
PLATE.
CALL US. THE FOLLOWING TABLE 15 A ROUGH GUIDE.
MILD STEEL
METAL
THICKNESS
I
' I . . J . - v - ' - - - ' l L . . . J NICHOLAS L BOURAS INC
p.o
.
BOX
662
,
475 SPR INGF
IELD
AVE
.,
SUMM IT. N EW
IERSEY
79 112011277 16 17
A36
STEEL
I
'
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PRoaL
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TH STEEL INFORM TION SYSTEM
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MODERN STEEL
CONSTRUCTION
VOLUME
XXVII
NUM ER 2
MARCH-APRIL 1987
American Institute
of Steel Construction Inc.
The Wrigley Building
4
North Mich
i
gan
venue
Chicago, IIhn s 60611-4185
OFFICERS
Werner H. Quasebarth
Chairman
Oscar
W
Stewart, Jr.
Treasurer
Neil W. Zundel
President
William W. Lanigan
Secretary General Counsel
Lewis
Brunner
Vice President , Membership Services
Geerhard Haaijer
Vice President, Research Engineeri
ng
Morris Caminer
Vice President, Adm inistration
William Y. Epling
Vice President, Government Affairs
EDITORIAL STAFF
George E. Harper
Director of Publications
Brenda Follmer
Assistant Editor
James Herman
Bus
i
ness
ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE
The PATTIS GROUP
Kirby Palait
4761 West
Touhy
Avenue
Lincolnwood ,
III.
312/679-1100
9 One Liberty Place
An Architectural Statement
5 Allied ank Tower
Landmark Stands Tall
24 Galleria Officentre
A
Study
in Gothic
31 Advances in Bridge Design
and Construction
35
Quaker
Tower
Chicago's Newest Waterfront
38 Steel Notes
MODERN STEEL
CONSTRUCTION
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I Floor FastlMl
3
Stepped surface locks
automaCically
under
flange
The
Floor
-Fast
is for fa
stening
soUd
or
checkered plate flOOring to s
teelwork.
It is
fa
ster. safer
. and
more economical
than
any other
fa
stening method.
With Floor-Fast. one man working
from
one side. can fasten without
sca
ffolding .
weldIng and
drilling
of st
ructu
ral steeLOne
unit fits all flange sizes. and
Is
removable.
2
Fits all
flange sizes
3
All galvanized
finish
NO
WELDING
. NO
DRILLING
ONE MAN . ONE SIDE
Stepped
tail fits
lange
s
from
2
Pr
ofiled nose
fits flat
or
sloping
langes
3
14
gauge
bracket with one
offset
side fits all
standard
bar
graCing and may
llow imultaneous
fastening
of
adjacent
grating sections
I
Grate Fast
4
JO
diameter bolt
5 2 bolt length
fit
s
all
standard
bar
grating
depths
6 Allgalvanized
finish
Grate -Fast makes the labor
intensive methods of fastening
bar grating obsolete.
NO WELDING
NO
DRILLING
ONE MAN
.
ONE
SIDE
1
please
send me details on
Floor Fast0
Grate -Fast
0
I
I
ame
1
osition
1
Sfrucf- asf
I
Company 1
I
Address __ I
Tel
Struct-Fas[ Inc 20 Walnut Street Suite
101
Wellesley HillsMA
02
181
Struct-
Fast Inc_ 20
Walnut Street
Suite 101 Wellesley Hills MA 02181
Tel :
(617)
235 6734
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8
LeJeune Tension
Control A-32S
A 490
Bolts and
Wrenches
Proven in the field to
be the lowest cost
meth
od
for properly
installing high
strength fasteners.
HIGH STRENGTH
F STENING
SYSTEMS
FROM
THE
LE DER
IN THE
INDUSTRY
We
Serve O
ur
Customers With
Systems Responsibility
(Bo l t . Wrenche
.
On
Time Deliveries
Sequence Shipping to Jobsite
Engineering Inspection
Assistance
~ a
LE
JEUNE
BOLT COMPANY
8330
West
220th Street
lakevllle
_MN 55044 (612' 469 -55
21
1-800-872 -
2658
FAX 612-469-5893
Hex Head A 307.
A-32S A 490
Bolts
- Black
or
Galvanized.
In House mechanical
galvanizing elim inates
costly
field
problems
such as stickers cold
welding and j mmed
threads -
we
ship to
your requirements
not ours .
Spanning Ihcr g p In blldgcr con/l.ucllon
A single
Mi-Jack TRAVELIFT
crane replaced two
hydraulic
boom
cranes and numerous hydraulic jacks
on
the Ben Franklin Bridge renovation
project, reducing equipment and
maintenance costs personnel
requirements and extending the hours
worked per day.
ln s tallation
of
new orthotropic
bridge panels took just half the time
required previously.
Traffic
flow on
the bridge wa s maintained in both
direc ti ons for the duration
of
the
construction project.
A spokesman for the construction
firm
sa
id, "The TRA VELlFT crane has
met a ll
our needs.
And no wonder
Backed by 30 years
of
experience and
over 7,000,000 in spare parts
inventories nationwide
Mi-Jack's
Service
and
Part
s
departments
special ize
in keeping machine
downtime to a minimum
Let a Mi-Jack representative show
yo
u
how
a TRAVELlFT cra ne can span
the gap
in yo
ur next
bridge
construction project.
Mi-Jack TRAVELlFT, 3111 West
16
7t h
Street,
H
aze
l Crest, IL 60429.
(3 12) 596-5200.
MODERN STEEL ONSTRU TION
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Architectural Statement
ONE
LIBERTY
PL CE
Efficiency and
Elegance
n the
Cradle
of
History
by Charles H Thornton , Udom
Hungspruke, Thomas Z. Searangello
and Scott Pratt
A
s One l berly Place rises. Ihe golden
age of the skyscraper era
01
the 20s
and 30s re-emerges on the Philadelphia
skyline. Indeed. the bulldlngs facade bor
rows inspiration Irom the Art Deco Influ
ence of that period Yet . despite similarities
In form and appearance of such claSSICS
as the Chrysler BUilding In Manhattan.
One Liberty Place can hardly be catego
rized as either an architectural or a struc-
tural tWIn
The slructure makes an elegant and op
tlmlSllC slatement about Philadelphia and
ItS
future Consequently. It S a unique, dy
namic deslgn- Inlluenced by
the
past but
Without duplication of all
the
lorms. malerl
als or structural systems A bUilding 01 thiS
size designed In the 20s or 30s would
have had between
40
to 50 Ibs. of structur
al steel per square loot: not 23 psi as con
structed .
Streamlined and powerlul . the bU ildings
profile and structure represent a combina
tion of boldness and refinement. It soars
Irom bedrock along a slender shaft . utilIZ
Ing a superdlagonal outrigger system cul
minating In a gracelully gabled top to do
much to redellne the eXisting skyline.
Controversial from
Its
start. One Liberty
Place towers monumentally above Phila
delphia s City Hall . previously the tallest
bUi
ld
Ing
In Philadelphia and once (1880)
the wor lds tallesl bUilding A gentlemens
agreement between developers and the
City
, not backed by any law, had kept the
top of all prevIous bUildings below the ele
vation of William Penn s head on the stat
ue atop City Hall. By proposing taller and
Number 2 t987
~
...... _ __ ?=
-
... .....
.
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..
...
..
::::511
_ t
9
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more slender buildings which let more light
and air into
the
city. city planners con
vinced the city these bUildings would. in the
long run. improve the qualityof light and air
at street level within the city.
One Liberty Place. at 945 n. the ninth
tallest building
in
the world. is sited on a
pnme downtown block on Market Street
between 16th and 17th Streets. Office
floors range from 24 .000 sq. ft in the lower
areas
to
1.300 sq.
n
at
the
peak. The
61-
story tower contains over 1.3 mill ion sq. It
of office and retail space.
Sefectlon of Steel
Structural steel fram ing was chosen for its Figure
flexibility and high strength; and in particu-
lar. its ability to transmit large tensile and
compressive forces efficiently and yet keep
the size of members
to
a minimum Built-
up wide-flange sections were used for all
outrigger diagonals and core and ou tngger
columns because of the large forces and
required thickness
of
plates. Thel( use also
facilitated fabrication and erection. (See
Figs. 1 and 2.)
Ftoor System
he typical floor framing (F ig. 3) is com
pOSite W21 ASTM A-572 Gr. 50 steel
beams spanning 44 It from the build ing
9? f
. i ..
. . 'I
0Ji
T
,
j
- -
,
I
I
1
I
II
, II
I
I
' I
G-r-
-'j--
I
,
D
.
ll-
- - - -
IX IX X
I
.
'>
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A centrally braced core was studied. but
determined uneconomical because of
the extremely high steel weight caused
by the slenderness of the core at a
helght-to-wldth ratiO over 12 . Drift and
accelerallon would have been extremely
dlHicult .
If
not Impossible. to control. In
addition . large uplift forces on the foun
dation would have dictated extensive tle
down systems Within the drilled pier
foundation
A superdlagonal outrigger system which
couples diagonal outriggers and exterior
outrigger columns
With
a braced core
(Figs 1 and 2) proved the most eco
nomical (23 psf) structural system. ThiS
outrigger system met all the functional
and architectural requirements of the
proJect. It permitted small
WI4x257)
columns at all corners. eliminated the
need for transfers at the base and pro
vided almost unlimited flexibility at en
trances and lower levels It was the se
-
lected system
Foundation Evaluation
After review of vanous foundation
ap
proaches. the deSign and construction
team concluded that dnlled caiSSons ex
tended to and Into rock would be the most
economical foundation. Th
iS
deCISion was
reached after completion of borings and
geotechnical studies by the si te engineers
established the close prOXimity of compe
tent bedrock to the lowest building base
ment Alternate studies uSing 1. 2. 3 and 4
0 ', ea.IUON
101
eN -
5
s ss
Fig 4. luster
IJJSSOII
pl n
basements were undertaken. It was decid
ed to use tw basements .
With
drilled cais
sons to rock.
To
achieve an economical
deSign. the team deSigned the caissons for
a 4- to 8-tons per sq ft (tsf) skin friction
Number
211987
value In addition to
40
t
sf
of bearing. Th
iS
enabled deSign of the length of rock sock
ets with a maximum allowable
st
ress in the
caisson shaft of 90 tsf.
To
achieve further cost savings. clus
tered caissons were used under the heav
Ily loaded corner core columns
In
lieu of
uSing one large caisson (Fig 4 The maxi
mum total compressive load on these cais
sons was 17.340 kips . ThiS approach
eliminated the need for speCial oversized
drilling equipment which was not readily
available
In the
Philadelphia
area By
maintaining a maximum caiSson size of 8
ft In diameter. a more competitive bidding
process and qUicker foundation construc
tion was poSSible. With reduced overall
foundat ion cost The foundat ions were
completed
In
SIX weeks
Lateraf
load
Resf stlng System
The selected lateral load reslsling sys tem
IS
a superdlagonal outrigger scheme com
prised of a 70-ft x 70-ft braced core coup-
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