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    Medium Voltage Switchgears for Offshore

    Mario Haim

    R&D Director

    Medium Voltage Switchgears

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    Schneider Electric 2- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012

    Barrow (12)

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    (420)

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    (16)

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    Global

    Tech (370)

    Baltic II (30)

    Riffgat (12)

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    Meerwind (32)

    Nordsee Ost (145)

    OurOffshoreReferences

    With WS market leader in 5 MW offshore Windturbines With GHA market leader in offshore substations

    Moretha

    n1500p

    anelsoffsh

    ore

    inPrima

    ryapplica

    tions

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    Schneider Electric 3- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012

    Offer for any MV offshore application

    GMA WS WI GHA

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    Agenda

    Market trend

    Wind park layout & Short circuit level

    Requirements

    Overvoltages & Insulation coordinationPreferred Solution

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    Schneider Electric 5- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012

    MainareasforWindOffshoreinEurope

    MorayFirth

    FirthofForfh

    DoggerBank

    Hornsea

    EastAnglia

    Hastings

    Isleof

    Wight

    BristolChannel

    IrishSea

    NorthSea

    BalticSea

    32GW25GW5GW

    LeTreportFecamp

    Courseuilles

    Saint

    Brieuc

    SaintNazaire

    6GW

    18GW10GW5GW

    6GW

    *Capacityto

    be

    intalled

    until

    2030

    *Capacitytobeintalleduntil2020

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    Carbon Trust

    Carbon Trust has brought together 8 offshore wind developers in ajoint

    industry project

    to work towards reducing the cost

    of offshore wind

    by at least 10% by 2015.

    DONG Energy

    EON,

    Mainstream Renewable Power,

    RWE Innogy,Scottish Power Renewables,

    SSE Renewables

    (formerly Airtricity),

    Statkraft,

    Statoil,

    http://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-accelerator

    http://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-acceleratorhttp://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-accelerator
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    Market trend

    Clear recommendation:

    Go to 66 kV system voltage intower to

    reduce costs

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    66 kV in tower + substation

    -tower switchgear at 66 kV-platform switchgear at 66 kV-transformer

    at 66 kV

    -cable at 66 kV

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    Agenda

    Market trend

    Wind park layout & Short circuit level

    Requirements

    Overvoltages & Insulation coordinationPreferred Solution

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    Source: http://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-accelerator

    http://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-acceleratorhttp://www.carbontrust.com/our-clients/o/offshore-wind-accelerator
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    Schneider Electric 11- Infrastructure Mario Haim 2012

    4 types of wind turbines

    Induction

    (asynchronous) generator

    Vestas

    (Neg

    Micon), Siemens (Bonus)

    Strong points:

    robust and simple

    Weak points: low efficiency (fixed speed), flicker, no

    control of reactive power

    Doubly-Fed induction generatorVestas, General Electric, Gamesa, Nordex

    Strong points: variable speed (wide range), control ofreactive power

    Weak points: produces harmonics (but only 25% of the

    power goes through the converter)

    Induction

    (asynchronous) generator

    with

    slip control

    Vestas

    (for

    US market), Gamesa (for

    US market), Suzlon

    Strong points:

    variable speed (limited range), low

    harmonics

    Weak points: low efficiency, no control of reactive power

    Variable speed induction or

    synchronous generatorEnercon, Multibrid,

    General Electric, Siemens, Clipper, Vestas

    Strong points: total variable speed, control of reactive

    power, fast answers to bad electrical conditions coming

    from the grid

    Weak points: expensive, huge size, produces harmonics

    (100% of the power goes through the converter)

    GENERATOR

    INDUCTIONCOUPLING

    CAPACITOR

    BANK

    G

    CAPACITORBANKR

    G

    INDUCTION

    COUPLING

    Control

    R

    L2L1

    CONVERTER

    DC BUS

    G

    L1 L2

    CONVERTER

    G

    8% of manufactured

    No converter

    Ageing technology

    20% of manufactured

    No converter

    Ageing technology

    42% of manufactured

    25% power throughconverter

    Main Onshore

    technology

    30% of manufactured100% power through

    converter

    Main offshore technology

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    Wind park layout & grid model for 66 kV

    simulation

    Based on the defined network architecture the

    model was created

    For this model a static simulation (short circuit

    level) and dynamic simulation (transient recovery

    voltage) had been done

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    Voltage / Power-Factor 33 kV vs. 66 kV

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    Static network simulation: Short circuit

    level

    The thermic short circuit inside the 66 kV networkarchitecture can be between 11,33 kA and 18,04 kA & 29,07 kAp and 46,24 kAp peak value for short circuit

    Inside the tower the maximum thermal short circuit level is

    between 10,94 kA and 17,13 kA & the peak value between

    27,86 kAp and 43,17 kAp

    A 25 kA System at 66 kV is fully

    sufficient

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    Agenda

    Market trend

    Wind park layout & Short circuit level

    Requirements

    Overvoltages

    & Insulation coordination

    Preferred Solution

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    Key Requirements

    Cost efficientSafety EnvironmentReliability

    Offshore Wind Power

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    General Service-Conditions for MV switchgear

    according to IEC 62271

    In principle indoor switchgear according IEC 62271-1

    Offshore Conditions exceeding the normal-conditions

    Standard -5.+40C, 24h average < 35C

    Ambient air not polluted with corrosive materials like salt etc.

    Relative 24h average humidity not exceeding 95%

    condensation occasionally

    Relative monthly average humidity not exceeding 90%

    Reliability

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    Additional Challenges for the switchgear: Harsh environment

    saline atmosphere

    humidity

    Corrosion resistive

    Vibration due to operation of Windmill

    Low temperature operation without external power supply

    Operation starting at deep ambient temperature without any preload

    (cold start)

    Reliability

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    Reliability

    Design responding to additional challenges

    Gas Insulated Switchgearwith

    Sealed Pressure System for Electrical active parts

    Hermetical closed gas tanks

    High-voltage parts are contained in a tightly sealed

    stainless steel tank

    Corrosion resistive components:

    Drive for devices

    Housing

    Connections

    LV-equipment

    Vibration withstand

    Vibration tests with dedicated frequencies

    Low temperature withstand

    Mechanical operations tests at low temperature

    Dielectric performance at low temperature

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    Safety

    Optimum safety of operation due to a complete interlocking system

    Degree of protection: IP65

    for the primary part

    Personal safety due to Internal Arc withstand: IAC AFLR up to 40 kA

    Switchgear tested and certified

    according to IEC 62271

    Design responding to safety requirements

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    Internal arc classification according IEC 62271-203

    Internal arc events could cause effects like

    pressure increase and burn through of enclosure

    (no effect on personnel is considered)

    Durations of 0.1 s up to 0.3 s are considered

    (switch off by protection equipment)

    No test procedure to qualify personnel safetyin high voltage standard

    Safety for operating personal

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    Safety is no Option!

    Internal arc test as Type Test according t0 IEC 62271-200Chapter 6.106

    safety for personnel as important featureImproved safety for the operator (defined areas of accessfor the user)

    Durations of arcing from 0.1 s up to 1 s are considered andtested (min selectivity)

    All criteria to pass the test have to be fulfilled:

    Doors / covers do not open

    No fragmentation of enclosure No holes on accessible areas

    Indicators do not ignite

    Earthing

    remains in service

    Internal arc classification according IEC 62271-200

    Design for safety according IEC 62271-200

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    Cost efficient

    Size is Key!Less material

    Less weight

    Less space

    Less volume inside the tower

    Less transportation costs

    Predefined interface between MV switchgear and:wind turbine

    MV-cable

    control and protection

    Metering

    mechanic

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    Cost efficient

    Switchgear section preinstalled on base frame

    Completely pretested in factory

    Less transport efforts

    Predefined interfaceNo erection on site

    Commissioning of protection and control done in factory

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    Environment

    No gas handling at site Space saving

    due to compact design

    Switching in Vacuum with Vacuum Interrupter

    All materials are fully recyclable

    At end of life time, the SF6 gas

    will be fed into recycling process

    hence

    -

    no factory-special tool required for gas removal

    -

    all gas tanks are equipped with a valve in standard use

    Environmentally friendly construction

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    Agenda

    Market trend

    Wind park layout & Short circuit level

    Requirements

    Overvoltages

    & Insulation coordination

    Preferred Solution

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    Insulation level based on Ur=72.5 kV

    Except

    of IEC 62271-1 [1]

    Usys = 66kV; = 10% Ur = 72.5 kV[1] IEC 62271-1: High voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 1: Common specifications, Edition 1.1, IEC 2011

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    Overvoltages mainly due to lightning strike orswitching operations (TRV) (IEC 60071-2)

    Lightning strike mainly in overhead-lines

    Switching operations, especially in case ofswitching inductive orcapacitive loads, e.g. cables

    Overvoltages Insulation Level (BIL)

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    Transient recovery voltage

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    LowerInsulation level requiredWith surge arrester installed directly at the switchgear(L=0),the effect of travelling wave can be disregarded. Thus, thesecond part of the equation will equal to 0:

    BIL Ks Ures

    As recommended in [2], Ks

    = 1.15 should be applied as

    safety factor for internal insulation coordination:required BIL for the switchgear

    BIL = 1.15 x 3.33 x 72,5 kV = 277 kV

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    Transient recovery voltage

    Excerpt

    of IEC 62271-100

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    Transient recovery voltage

    EMTP-ATP simulation in 66kV windpark with one wind turbine in operation, in parallelwith utility network M

    BBAR FAULT

    FEEDER FAULT

    FAULT

    UI

    MODEL

    TRVAux. TR

    BCT

    Y

    I

    [email protected]

    Load-

    flow

    WT@5MVA

    UI

    3.3/66kV BCT

    Y

    400mm2

    V

    V

    155/66kVBCT

    Y

    400mm2

    Aux. TRBCT

    Y

    Utility data:

    Ur (kV) 155 kV

    Rated short-circuit power 9000 MVA

    VCB

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    Transient recovery voltageTRV envelopes

    for feeder fault

    Uc

    = 129kV and busbar

    fault

    Uc

    = 114kV

    (red) (green)

    Conclusion: TRV parameters

    are within

    IEC 62271-100,

    recalculated for rated voltage Usys = 66kV

    69,55 69,68 69,81 69,94 70,07 70,20t.ms0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    120

    Uc.kV

    63,470 63,616 63,762 63,908 64,054 64,200t.ms0

    30

    60

    90

    120

    150

    Uc.kV

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    LowerInsulation level requiredMaximum voltage level for insulation

    coordination including safety factor is

    277 kV BIL

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    Agenda

    Market trend

    Wind park layout & Short circuit level

    Requirements

    Overvoltages

    & Insulation coordination

    Preferred Solution

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    IEC 62271 differentiate between applications

    (Transmission or Distribution) and voltages (IEC62271-200 vs. 62271-203)

    Offshore application inside & between tower is

    100% distribution

    All benefits & requirements of distribution (IEC

    62271-200) are mandatory

    Preferred Solution What is really needed?

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    66 kV switchgear acc. to IEC 62271-200

    Reliability:

    Fully tested

    for required ratings (Ur

    = 72.6 kV, BIL

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    Preferred Solution What is really needed?

    Ratings

    Requirements

    Us

    = 66 kV; Ur

    = 72.5 kV

    Cost efficient

    BIL

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    Schneider Electric Infrastructure EquipmentMario Haim R&D Director Rathenaustr. 2, 93055 Regensburg, Germany +49 151 14758993

    [email protected]