October 11, 2010
• Equipped with his five senses, man explores the universe around him and calls the adventure Science. – ~Edwin Powell Hubble, The Nature of
Science, 1954
The Chemistry of Life (Biochemistry)
• active site• amino acids • Benedict’s solution• biomolecule• Biuret’s• carbohydrate • catalyst• cellulose
More Vocabulary
• deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
• nucleotide
• peptide bond
• protein
• ribonucleic acid (RNA)
• starch
• substrate
Vocabulary assignment
• Vocabulary is important.
• By Friday, make a stack of index cards with the words on one side and the definition or meaning on the other
• On some of these, an illustration would also be appropriate
Essential Question (EQ): What is life made of?
All existence is made of matter and/or energy (shut up about anti-matter and dark matter)
Energy = Light, radiation, heat, etc
Matter = has mass, takes up space
Matter
• Anything that has mass and takes up space.
• What does this mean?
• We will be dealing with matter right now
Matter
• Made of atoms• Atoms are the
smallest part of a substance that has the characteristics of that substance.
• In other words, an atom of gold is still gold, an atom of hydrogen is still hydrogen
http://www.calcuttahams.com/images/atom1.jpg
Atoms
• Made of electrons, protons, and neutrons
• Electrons are outside, protons and neutrons inside
• Electrons have a negative charge
• Protons have a positive charge
• Neutrons are neutral
http://www.world-builders.org/lessons/less/les4/genes/atom_2.jpg
Atoms and elements
• Because electrons are on the outside, they determine how atoms react
• The number of protons and electrons in a typical atom are equal.
• The number of neutrons may vary. Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons are called isotopes and are often radioactive
Molecules
• Two or more atoms join together to form molecules.
• Molecules with more than one element are called compounds
http://jmgreen.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/640px-water_molecule_3dsvg1.png
Compounds
• Compounds have more than one element
• They are a subset of molecules
• This compound, from broccoli is indole-3-carbinol
• is undergoing clinical trials in humans because it was found to stop the growth of breast and prostate cancer cells in mice.
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2008/12/images/broccoli-diagram.jpg&imgrefurl=http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2008/12/02_indole.shtml&usg=__7NvrggULbZkZw5RO9OD03G6c1so=&h=224&w=250&sz=9&hl=en&start=11&sig2=t781ZhDVIMyoYI-dot1bcg&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Jw0PFT9sKm08GM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiagram%2Bcompound%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7ADBR_en%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=yD2yTP3-D4P58Abr6sjICw
Basic types of organic molecules
• Organic means “from life”
• Types are proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids
http://www.biologylessons.sdsu.edu/classes/lab6/HCH.gif
Solutions
• Basically, life takes place dissolved in water.
• Water is known as the universal solvent because it dissolves more substances than anything else we know
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/chemical/imgche/waterbond.gif
Classes of organic chemicals, the basics
• There are 4 main types of organic molecules
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids
Proteins
• What do proteins do in living things?
• Examples: insulin, hemoglobin, enzymes, muscles, hormones, hair
• Test for proteins is Biurets solution
• Proteins are made of subunits of amino acids
• The complicated shape of proteins is very important
Proteins
• -Control the rate of reactions -Regulate cell processes -Form bones and muscles -Transport substances into or out of cells -Help to fight disease
Enzymes
• Enzymes are the protein molecules which are involved in the metabolic reactions in the body.
• There is a particular enzyme for each reaction
• Can speed up, slow down, or cause a reaction to occur
http://isbibbio.wikispaces.com/file/view/bio_enzyme1.gif/30244770/bio_enzyme1.gif
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