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Page 1: NUCLEIC  ACIDS

NUCLEICNUCLEIC ACIDS ACIDSŠárka DvořákováŠárka DvořákováMichaela MášováMichaela Mášová

14.4.2005 Z 3

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Linear polymers consisting of Linear polymers consisting of repeating nucleotid units linked by repeating nucleotid units linked by phosphodiester bondsphosphodiester bonds

Types of Nucleic acids:Types of Nucleic acids: - - DNA ( 2- deoxy- DNA ( 2- deoxy- ββ-D-deoxyribonucleic -D-deoxyribonucleic

acid )acid ) - RNA ( - RNA ( ββ -D –ribonucleic acid ) -D –ribonucleic acid )

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Structure Structure components of components of nucleic acids : nucleic acids :

- bases- bases- sugar - sugar - phosphate ester - phosphate ester

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Bases and sugarsBases and sugars

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DifferenceDifference RNARNA- bases: adeninebases: adenine guanineguanine thyminethymine cytosinecytosine- sugar: D –ribosesugar: D –ribose- phosphate ester phosphate ester

DNADNA- bases: adeninebases: adenine guanineguanine uracileuracile cytosinecytosine- sugar: 2 –deoxy-D sugar: 2 –deoxy-D

–ribose–ribose- phosphate ester phosphate ester

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Structure of DNAStructure of DNA The structure of DNA consists of two polynucleotide strains wound around The structure of DNA consists of two polynucleotide strains wound around

each other to form a right – handed double helixeach other to form a right – handed double helix There are two types of base pair in DNA:There are two types of base pair in DNA: A – T ( adenine-thymine) A – T ( adenine-thymine) G – C ( guanine – cytosine) The structure of DNA and the G – C ( guanine – cytosine) The structure of DNA and the

functions of functions of gene described Watson and gene described Watson and

Crick (1953)Crick (1953)

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Structure of RNAStructure of RNA RNA exists as a single strand RNA exists as a single strand RNA can coil back on itselfRNA can coil back on itself

Types of RNA:Types of RNA:- messenger mRNAmessenger mRNA – carry the information for the primary structure of – carry the information for the primary structure of

proteinsproteins- ribosomal rRNAribosomal rRNA – part of the protein synthesis apparatus – part of the protein synthesis apparatus - transfer tRNAtransfer tRNA – activates AA and recognize codons in mRNA – activates AA and recognize codons in mRNA

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Functions of organismFunctions of organism RNA RNA - several types of RNA responsible for the - several types of RNA responsible for the

synthesis of the enzymes, structural proteins, synthesis of the enzymes, structural proteins, and other polypeptidesand other polypeptides

DNADNA- stores information that conrolls all cellular stores information that conrolls all cellular

processes (replication)processes (replication)- conducting transcription for genesis - conducting transcription for genesis

complementary molecul of RNAcomplementary molecul of RNA

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SOURCESOURCE Some information from lecture of Some information from lecture of

Biochemistry.Biochemistry. Some information from internet.Some information from internet.