NEUROBIOLOGICALBiological processes influence behaviorsGenetic factors influence behaviorsBrain chemistry, nervous system, and
hormones
Localization of Function – Phineas Gage
EVOLUTIONARYNatural selection of traits promoted the
survival of genesHow has anger facilitated the survival of our
ancestors’ genes?
PSYCHOANALTICPsychodynamicUnconscious motives influence behavior
SexualAggressive
Past experiences/Childhood influence behavior
Sigmund Freud – Defense MechanismsCarl Jung – Collective Unconscious
BEHAVIORALPersonal experiences and reinforcement
guide developmentEnvironmental influencesObservational learningPunishments & RewardsStimulus & ResponseIvan PavlovJohn B. WatsonB.F. Skinner
COGNITIVEPerceptions & Thoughts influence behaviorMental ImagesInformation ProcessingThinking & LanguageMemory FunctioningStroop Test
Red Green Blue YellowOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red YellowPurple Green BlueOrangeRed Green Blue YellowOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red YellowPurple Green BlueOrangeOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red Yellow
Red Green Blue YellowOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red YellowPurple Green BlueOrangeRed Green Blue YellowOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red YellowPurple Green BlueOrangeOrange Purple Yellow GreenBlue Orange Red Yellow
Questions?Do we read words faster than we name
colors?Do you think children who haven’t learned to
read yet would have an easier time with this test? What about older people? What about ESL or non-native English speakers?
Conclusions?
Reading is automatic… a skill we learn and becomes more and more ingrained in us as we get older.
Color naming is a control process, something we must use directed attention to accomplish.
Other conclusions?
HUMANISTICPeople are born good with the potential for
excellencePeople make free & conscious choices based
on their experiencesCarl Rogers – Self v. Ideal SelfAbraham Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs
(theory of motivation) = SELF-ACTUALIZATION
Victor Frankl
SOCIOCULTURALEthnicity, Gender, Culture, Socioeconomic
status create individual differencesBehavior influenced by rules and
expectations of societal groups
Cultural practice example: Sleeping arrangementsInfants sleeping arrangements
during the child’s first two years
Culture (n.): A system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts, conscious and unconscious, transmitted across generations through learning.
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