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Neuroanatomy
Dr. Steinmetz
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• CNS versus PNS • CNS: Regions
• Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain • Lobes • Spinal Cord
• PNS: – Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF – Autonomic Nervous System – Somatic Nervous System
Outline
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• CNS versus PNS • CNS: Regions
• Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain • Lobes • Spinal Cord
• PNS: – Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF – Autonomic Nervous System – Somatic Nervous System
Outline
4 2 Parts of the Nervous System
• CNS (Central Nervous System) = Brain & Spinal Cord
• PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) = all neurons found outside of the skull and spine
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• CNS versus PNS • CNS: Regions
• Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain • Lobes • Spinal Cord
• PNS: – Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF – Autonomic Nervous System – Somatic Nervous System
Outline
6 Brain Stem & Cerebellum
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7 Cranial Nerves
• Summary of the functions of each cranial nerve
• Red lines are afferent signals
• Blue lines are efferent signals
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Plate 5.7 on page 85 of your human
neuroanatomy book
This is the figure that I will use to test your knowledge of cranial nerves on the neuroanatomy
lab practicals.
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• CNS versus PNS • CNS: Regions
• Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain • Lobes • Spinal Cord
• PNS: – Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF – Autonomic Nervous System – Somatic Nervous System
Outline
10 Midbrain
• Superior Colliculus - vision tracking
• Inferior Colliculus - sound localization
• Tegmentum - nuclei for eye movement & control
• Substania Nigra – dopamine input to basal ganglion in forebrain
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• CNS versus PNS • CNS: Regions
• Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain • Lobes • Spinal Cord
• PNS: – Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF – Autonomic Nervous System – Somatic Nervous System
Outline
12 Brain Divisions: Forebrain
• Limbic System
• Sensory / Motor Regulation
• Learning & Memory
• Internal Body States
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• Emotion Regulation
• Assesses Stimulus value
Amygdala
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• Sensory / Motor Regulation
Thalamus
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• Learning & Memory
Hippocampus
16 Hypothalamus
• motivational states
• Hunger • Satiety • Reproduction • Sleep
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• CNS versus PNS • CNS: Regions
• Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain • Lobes • Spinal Cord
• PNS: – Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF – Autonomic Nervous System – Somatic Nervous System
Outline
18 Corpus Callosum
• Connects 2 hemispheres
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19 Cerebral Lobes
• Occipital Lobe - center for vision - processing of visual sensory information
20 Cerebral Lobes
• Temporal Lobe - center for hearing, memory, associations, internal areas = gustatory processing
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21 Cerebral Lobes
• Parietal Lobe - center for somatosensory information / complex visual processes, associations
• Separated from the frontal lobe by the Central Sulcus
22 Cerebral Lobes
• Frontal Lobe - complex thought, reasoning, personality, motor system, & olfactory and flavor processing
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• CNS versus PNS • CNS: Regions
• Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain • Lobes • Spinal Cord
• PNS: – Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF – Autonomic Nervous System – Somatic Nervous System
Outline
24 Spinal Cord Anatomy
• Sensory nerves enter the dorsal horn of spinal cord
• Motor nerves exit the ventral horn of spinal cord
Motor Output Motor
Output
Dorsal Root Ganglion
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• CNS versus PNS • CNS: Regions
• Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain • Lobes • Spinal Cord
• PNS: – Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF – Autonomic Nervous System – Somatic Nervous System
Outline
26 Blood Supply to the Brain
• Stroke = lack of blood or O2 to the brain
• Aneurysm = blockage /
rupture of blood vessel • Blood is toxic to CNS
neurons • Blood-Brain barrier
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27 The fluid in your CNS = CSF
• Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) = ultrafiltered blood • Acts as a supporting cushion
– Both externally between the brain and the skull / spinal cord
– And internally to prevent collapse • Exact function unknown: (supply / waste)
– Turns over 3 times a day – 0.5 liter per day
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Front view Side view Bottom view
Ventricles 28
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29 Hydrocephalus “water on the brain”
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• CNS versus PNS • CNS: Regions
• Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain • Lobes • Spinal Cord
• PNS: – Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF – Somatic Nervous System – Autonomic Nervous System
Outline
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31 Peripheral Nervous System
• Somatic – voluntary control of body movements
• Autonomic – automatic control – Sympathetic
(arousing) – Parasympathetic
(calming)
32 Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic • Stimulation • Fight or Flight
(survival)
Parasympathetic • Relaxation • Restore homeostasis
(conserve resources)
• 2 components control involuntary functions:
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33 Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic • Stimulation • Fight or Flight
(survival) • Activated fast by
connected neural pathways
• Norepinephrine (NE)
Parasympathetic • Relaxation • Restore homeostasis
(conserve resources) • Activated slower by
individual neural pathways
• Acetylcholine (ACh)
• 2 components control involuntary functions:
34 For next time:
• Read Chapter 3 • Work on Week 1 & 2 Neuroanatomy Lab
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