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- Likert Scale a psychometric scale
commonly in+ol+ed inresearch using
-uestionnaires" A .+e /$0 scale measurement
tool to determine the le+el o!
agreement and disagreemento! the respondent to a set o!-uestions that could be
ob1ecti+e or sub1ecti+e in
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The !ormat o! a typical .+e le+elLikert item is,
&" Strongly disagree2" 3isagree)" Neither agree or disagree
4" Agree$" Strongly agree
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- Linking Pin Model is the concept o! the idealork relationship o! aorkers in an organization"
Likert uses the concept o!5!amily6 to characterize thedesirable social interaction
that should occur beteendi7erent ork units"
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In this model% he encouraged
strong personal relationsbeteen ork units abo+eand belo management to
achie+e an e7ecti+eorganization"The model belo presents an
organization as a number o!
o+erlapping ork units inhich a member o! a unit isthe leader o! another unit"
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Steering8roup
A # 9 3
3epartment : ;unction Teams A
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? Superior has no trust andcon.dence in sub@ordinates"
? 3ecisions are imposed on the sub@ordinates
? It has no teamork andcommunication"
? oti+ation is based on threats"
2. Benevolent-Authoritative? Responsibility lies at the
managerial
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le+els but not at the loer le+els o!
the organizational hierarchy? Superior has condescendingcon.dence and trust in thesub@ordinates"
? 3ecisions are imposed on thesub@ordinates"
? Teamork and communication is
+ery little"? oti+ations is based on reards"
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)" Consultative
? Responsibility is spread idelythroughout the organizationalhierarchy"
?Superior has substantial but notcomplete con.dence in sta7
associates"? 3iscussion and management
ill constructi+ely used thesubordinates ideas andopinions"
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? ;air amount o! teamork and
communication takes place+erticaly and horizontally"? oti+ations is not only based on
reards but also o!
in+ol+ement in 1ob"4. Participative? anagement ha+e complete
con.dence in theirsubordinates:employees"
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? Responsibility !or achie+ing the
organizational goal is ide spreadthroughout the organizationalhierarchy"
? 3iscussions about 1ob related issuestakes place regularly ith thesuperior and the subordinates"
? *igh le+el o! teamork andcommunication are present"? 3ecision@making is ell integrated
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throughout the organization ith !ull
in+ol+ement o! sta7 associates"9omparison o! !our system ith oneanother is based on certain
organizational +ariables% hich are,+ Leadership process+ oti+ational process
+ 9ommunication process+ 3ecision@making process
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+ 8oal@setting
+ 9ontrol processes
Ad+antages o! Likert SystemBC Das able to -uanti!y the results o!
the ork done in the .eld o!group dynamics"
C *elped in measurement o! the
5so!t areas6 o! management %such as T!ST A"#C$MM!"%CAT%$".
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According to 3r" Rensis Likert% the
nearer the beha+ioralcharacteristics o! an organizationapproach system 4
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