NANOTECHNOLOGY in Biological Applications
Width = 0.1 mm = 100 micrometers
BY SREEREMYA.S
M.phil
Single Hair
1 nanometer = one billionth (10-9) meter
What is Nano?
By 2020, $1trillion worth devices will be nano-engineered
Nanotechnology is already begining to revolutionise the electronics industry, computing, medicine, cosmetics, food, energy generation and the military sectors.
What Nanoscience does for our better living?
Life style Health Technology Environment
Life style -1
Textile Odorless, Stain resistant, flame retardant, wrinkle
resistance, moisture management, antimicrobial qualities, IR absorption, UV protection, and soil release properties, Ecological etc
Medical textile (neurodermatitis), Wound dressing
Antimicrobial coating High washing fastness, self cleaning Environmental protection – smoke, volcanic
erruption, exhaust gases, unburned carbon repellant
Life style - 2
Shelter bricks, cement, steel, coatings, paints,sensors
Nano SiO2 – to improve mechanical strength Addition of nanofibres (say CNT) improve compressive and
flexural strength Crack free concrete – healing polymers High corrosion resistant steel Coatings or Paints - Anti fraffiti, thermal control, energy
sawing, antireflection When exposed to UV light – TiO2 nanoparticles in paint breakdown
organic and inorganic pollutants that wash off with the rain water Decompose air pollution particles like formaldehyde
Sensors to identify early concrete properties such as moisture, temperature, relative humidity – piezoceramic devices
Sensor to monitor health of the construction
Life style - 3
Agriculture and food (nanofood consortium in 2006) Molecular treatment of diseases in plants, rapid disease
detection, enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrient - nanofertilizers
Smart sensors and smart delivery systems to combat viruses and other crop pathogens
Nanostructured catalyst to enhance efficiency of pesticides and herbicides
To clean ground water Sensors to test quality of packed food (micobiological and
biochemical changes) Improve materials for food packing such as permeation
behaviour of foils, increasing barrier properties (mechanical, chemical, thermal and microbial), heat resistance properties, developing antimicrobial and antifungal surfaces
Artificial food for health concern - low fat, diabetic, etc
Lifestyle - 4
Transportation: (safe, durable, economical and sustainable facility for movement) Hydrophobic road surfaces (ZnO2) Skid resistant and less abrasive tyres ( SiC-
elastomer) Better signage ( nanophosphors) Auto-luminescent infrastructure surfaces to guide
traffic at night Reducing energy consumption Limiting pollution (NOx pollution) Traffic monitoring sensors Target - Cost effective and economical
Various fields of medicine
Cardiology Opthalmology Endocrinology Oncology Pulmology Immunology Genedelivery Brain targeting Tumor targeting Oral vaccination
Why Nanotechnology in Medicine
Increased Surface to Volume ratio results in Increased solubility and absorption rate of
drug Increased rate of dissolution Increased oral bioavailability Promises precision administration Smaller dosages – reduced side effects Improved patient compliance Decreased patient to patient variability in
dosages
Biocompatible Inorganic devices
Implants – Seeds, hip joints, stents, nail, dental implants (Permanent) – Catheters, needles (temporary)
Seed : Iodine 125 is loaded: Gold wire is kept for X ray visibility all enclosed in the ceramic capsule of 4.5mm x 0.08mm
CONCLUSION
In todays scenario there, many other scientific inovations are carried out in the field of nano technology
THANK YOU
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