3G Wireless Systems3G Wireless Systems
Nachiket MehtaNachiket Mehta
Wireless Networks CSG250
OUTLINEOUTLINE 3G Overview3G Overview
bull Advantage Capabilities Organizations IMT-Advantage Capabilities Organizations IMT-2000 radio interface Technologies Evolution 2000 radio interface Technologies Evolution pathspaths
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMAbull Spreading Codes Physical layer Mac layer Spreading Codes Physical layer Mac layer
RLC layer RRC layerRLC layer RRC layerbull Hand OverHand Overbull Power ControlPower Controlbull QoS SupportQoS Support
Whatrsquos next after 3GWhatrsquos next after 3G SummarySummary ReferencesReferences
3G Overview3G Overview
Route to 3GRoute to 3G
1G analog1G analog 2G 1st digital mobile telephony2G 1st digital mobile telephony 25G transition from 2G to 3G25G transition from 2G to 3G 3G standard IMT 20003G standard IMT 2000
3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
1000000000
10000000000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
bps
GPRS
3G
4G
2G
35G
3G- Advantages3G- Advantages
3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message
service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -
bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the
world world
3G Capabilities3G Capabilities
Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network
144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly
over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched
data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video
OrganizationsOrganizations
bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)
bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International
Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)
IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)
Direct spread
IMT-MCCDMA-2000
(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier
IMT-TCUMTS-TDD
(TD-SCDMA)Time code
IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)
Single carrier
IMT-FTDECT
Freq time
CDMA TDMA FDMA
IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T
Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum
IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands
1G + 2G
806 960 MHz
2G (Asia Europe) + 3G
1710 1885 MHz
DECT PHS + 2G + 3G
1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz
2500 2690 MHz
WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz
TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-
bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America
3G Technologies-3G Technologies-
bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier
bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies-4G Technologies-
bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting
bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
OUTLINEOUTLINE 3G Overview3G Overview
bull Advantage Capabilities Organizations IMT-Advantage Capabilities Organizations IMT-2000 radio interface Technologies Evolution 2000 radio interface Technologies Evolution pathspaths
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMAbull Spreading Codes Physical layer Mac layer Spreading Codes Physical layer Mac layer
RLC layer RRC layerRLC layer RRC layerbull Hand OverHand Overbull Power ControlPower Controlbull QoS SupportQoS Support
Whatrsquos next after 3GWhatrsquos next after 3G SummarySummary ReferencesReferences
3G Overview3G Overview
Route to 3GRoute to 3G
1G analog1G analog 2G 1st digital mobile telephony2G 1st digital mobile telephony 25G transition from 2G to 3G25G transition from 2G to 3G 3G standard IMT 20003G standard IMT 2000
3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
1000000000
10000000000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
bps
GPRS
3G
4G
2G
35G
3G- Advantages3G- Advantages
3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message
service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -
bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the
world world
3G Capabilities3G Capabilities
Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network
144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly
over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched
data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video
OrganizationsOrganizations
bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)
bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International
Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)
IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)
Direct spread
IMT-MCCDMA-2000
(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier
IMT-TCUMTS-TDD
(TD-SCDMA)Time code
IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)
Single carrier
IMT-FTDECT
Freq time
CDMA TDMA FDMA
IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T
Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum
IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands
1G + 2G
806 960 MHz
2G (Asia Europe) + 3G
1710 1885 MHz
DECT PHS + 2G + 3G
1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz
2500 2690 MHz
WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz
TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-
bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America
3G Technologies-3G Technologies-
bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier
bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies-4G Technologies-
bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting
bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
3G Overview3G Overview
Route to 3GRoute to 3G
1G analog1G analog 2G 1st digital mobile telephony2G 1st digital mobile telephony 25G transition from 2G to 3G25G transition from 2G to 3G 3G standard IMT 20003G standard IMT 2000
3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
1000000000
10000000000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
bps
GPRS
3G
4G
2G
35G
3G- Advantages3G- Advantages
3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message
service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -
bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the
world world
3G Capabilities3G Capabilities
Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network
144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly
over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched
data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video
OrganizationsOrganizations
bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)
bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International
Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)
IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)
Direct spread
IMT-MCCDMA-2000
(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier
IMT-TCUMTS-TDD
(TD-SCDMA)Time code
IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)
Single carrier
IMT-FTDECT
Freq time
CDMA TDMA FDMA
IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T
Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum
IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands
1G + 2G
806 960 MHz
2G (Asia Europe) + 3G
1710 1885 MHz
DECT PHS + 2G + 3G
1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz
2500 2690 MHz
WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz
TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-
bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America
3G Technologies-3G Technologies-
bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier
bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies-4G Technologies-
bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting
bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
Route to 3GRoute to 3G
1G analog1G analog 2G 1st digital mobile telephony2G 1st digital mobile telephony 25G transition from 2G to 3G25G transition from 2G to 3G 3G standard IMT 20003G standard IMT 2000
3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
1000000000
10000000000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
bps
GPRS
3G
4G
2G
35G
3G- Advantages3G- Advantages
3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message
service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -
bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the
world world
3G Capabilities3G Capabilities
Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network
144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly
over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched
data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video
OrganizationsOrganizations
bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)
bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International
Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)
IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)
Direct spread
IMT-MCCDMA-2000
(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier
IMT-TCUMTS-TDD
(TD-SCDMA)Time code
IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)
Single carrier
IMT-FTDECT
Freq time
CDMA TDMA FDMA
IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T
Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum
IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands
1G + 2G
806 960 MHz
2G (Asia Europe) + 3G
1710 1885 MHz
DECT PHS + 2G + 3G
1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz
2500 2690 MHz
WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz
TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-
bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America
3G Technologies-3G Technologies-
bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier
bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies-4G Technologies-
bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting
bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth3G amp Future Wireless Vs Bandwidth
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
1000000000
10000000000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
bps
GPRS
3G
4G
2G
35G
3G- Advantages3G- Advantages
3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message
service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -
bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the
world world
3G Capabilities3G Capabilities
Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network
144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly
over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched
data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video
OrganizationsOrganizations
bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)
bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International
Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)
IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)
Direct spread
IMT-MCCDMA-2000
(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier
IMT-TCUMTS-TDD
(TD-SCDMA)Time code
IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)
Single carrier
IMT-FTDECT
Freq time
CDMA TDMA FDMA
IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T
Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum
IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands
1G + 2G
806 960 MHz
2G (Asia Europe) + 3G
1710 1885 MHz
DECT PHS + 2G + 3G
1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz
2500 2690 MHz
WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz
TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-
bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America
3G Technologies-3G Technologies-
bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier
bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies-4G Technologies-
bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting
bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
3G- Advantages3G- Advantages
3G phones promise - 3G phones promise - Improved digital voice communications Improved digital voice communications Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rateLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate Greater subscriber capacity Greater subscriber capacity Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message Fast packet-based data services like e-mail short message
service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds service (SMS) and Internet access at broadband speeds Most carriers also expect consumers to want - Most carriers also expect consumers to want -
bull location services location services bull interactive gaming interactive gaming bull streaming video streaming video bull home monitoring and control home monitoring and control bull and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the and who knows what else while being fully mobile anywhere in the
world world
3G Capabilities3G Capabilities
Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network
144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly
over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched
data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video
OrganizationsOrganizations
bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)
bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International
Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)
IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)
Direct spread
IMT-MCCDMA-2000
(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier
IMT-TCUMTS-TDD
(TD-SCDMA)Time code
IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)
Single carrier
IMT-FTDECT
Freq time
CDMA TDMA FDMA
IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T
Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum
IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands
1G + 2G
806 960 MHz
2G (Asia Europe) + 3G
1710 1885 MHz
DECT PHS + 2G + 3G
1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz
2500 2690 MHz
WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz
TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-
bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America
3G Technologies-3G Technologies-
bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier
bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies-4G Technologies-
bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting
bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
3G Capabilities3G Capabilities
Voice quality comparable to the public switched Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone networktelephone network
144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly 384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly
over small areasover small areas Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetricalasymmetrical data transmission ratesSymmetricalasymmetrical data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and circuit switched Support for both packet switched and circuit switched
data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time videoreal time video
OrganizationsOrganizations
bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)
bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International
Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)
IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)
Direct spread
IMT-MCCDMA-2000
(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier
IMT-TCUMTS-TDD
(TD-SCDMA)Time code
IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)
Single carrier
IMT-FTDECT
Freq time
CDMA TDMA FDMA
IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T
Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum
IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands
1G + 2G
806 960 MHz
2G (Asia Europe) + 3G
1710 1885 MHz
DECT PHS + 2G + 3G
1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz
2500 2690 MHz
WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz
TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-
bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America
3G Technologies-3G Technologies-
bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier
bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies-4G Technologies-
bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting
bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
OrganizationsOrganizations
bull 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile 3G is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)Telecommunication System)
bull 3GPP 33GPP 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project Generation Partnership Projectbull 3GPP2 33GPP2 3rdrd Generation Partnership Project 2 Generation Partnership Project 2bull Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)Internet Engineering Taskforce (IETF)bull ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International ITU-IMT-2000 Standard (International
Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication Union- International Mobile Telecommunication)Telecommunication)
IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)
Direct spread
IMT-MCCDMA-2000
(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier
IMT-TCUMTS-TDD
(TD-SCDMA)Time code
IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)
Single carrier
IMT-FTDECT
Freq time
CDMA TDMA FDMA
IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T
Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum
IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands
1G + 2G
806 960 MHz
2G (Asia Europe) + 3G
1710 1885 MHz
DECT PHS + 2G + 3G
1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz
2500 2690 MHz
WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz
TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-
bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America
3G Technologies-3G Technologies-
bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier
bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies-4G Technologies-
bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting
bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
IMT-DSUMTS-FDD(WCDMA)
Direct spread
IMT-MCCDMA-2000
(1x-EvDODV)Multi carrier
IMT-TCUMTS-TDD
(TD-SCDMA)Time code
IMT-SCUWC-136(EDGE)
Single carrier
IMT-FTDECT
Freq time
CDMA TDMA FDMA
IMT-2000 Radio InterfaceIMT-2000 Radio InterfaceI M T
Paired Spectrum Unpaired Spectrum
IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands
1G + 2G
806 960 MHz
2G (Asia Europe) + 3G
1710 1885 MHz
DECT PHS + 2G + 3G
1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz
2500 2690 MHz
WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz
TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-
bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America
3G Technologies-3G Technologies-
bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier
bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies-4G Technologies-
bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting
bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
IMT-2000 Frequency BandsIMT-2000 Frequency Bands
1G + 2G
806 960 MHz
2G (Asia Europe) + 3G
1710 1885 MHz
DECT PHS + 2G + 3G
1885 2025 2110 2200 MHz
2500 2690 MHz
WCDMA(UL) 1820-1880MHzWCDMA(DL) 1910-1970MHz
TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-
bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America
3G Technologies-3G Technologies-
bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier
bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies-4G Technologies-
bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting
bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
TechnologiesTechnologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like-3G is superior to the other digital standards like-
bull GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide bull And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America
3G Technologies-3G Technologies-
bull WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadFrequency Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
bull CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrierCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDOEvDV---Multi carrier
bull UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - UMTS ndash TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time CodeSynchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies-4G Technologies-
bull Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting area broadcasting
bull Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
bull Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
Wireless Technologies (Figure)Wireless Technologies (Figure)
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
Evolution PathsEvolution Paths
25G2G 3G
cdmaOneIS-95A
TDMA
cdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000 1xEV-DV
Cdma2000 1xEV-DO
GSMGPRS
EDGE WCDMA
GSM Map Core Network
IS-41 Core Network
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
(Universal Mobile (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard- Telecommunication Standard-
Frequency Division Duplex)Frequency Division Duplex)
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
UMTS-FDD WCDMAUMTS-FDD WCDMA
Wideband Direct Sequence Code Division
Multiple Access Does not assign a specific frequency to each
user Instead every channel uses the full available spectrum Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence
Narrowband option for TDD
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
WCDMA ParametersWCDMA Parameters
Channel BWChannel BW 5 MHz5 MHz
Forward RF Channel StructureForward RF Channel Structure Direct SpreadDirect Spread
Chip RateChip Rate 384 Mcps384 Mcps
Frame LengthFrame Length 10 ms (38400 chips)10 ms (38400 chips)
No of slotsframeNo of slotsframe 1515
No of chipsslotNo of chipsslot 2560chips (Max 2560 bits)2560chips (Max 2560 bits)
Power ControlPower Control Open and fast close loop (16 Open and fast close loop (16 KHz)KHz)
Uplink SFUplink SF 4 to 2564 to 256
Downlink SFDownlink SF 4 to 5124 to 512
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
Spreading OperationSpreading Operation Spreading means increasing the signal bandwidth Strictly speaking spreading includes two operations
(1) Channelisation (increases signal bandwidth) - using orthogonal codes(2) Scrambling (does not affect the signal bandwidth) - using pseudo noise codes
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
CodesCodes
Channellization CodeChannellization Code Scrambling CodeScrambling Code
UsageUsage UL Separation of physical data
and control channels from same UE
DL Separation of different users
within one cell
UL Separation of terminals
DL Separation of
cellssectors
LengthLength UL4-256 chipsUL4-256 chips
DL4-512 chipsDL4-512 chips
38400 chips38400 chips
No of No of codescodes
No of codes under one scrambling code= No of codes under one scrambling code= SFSF
UL Several millionUL Several million
DL 512DL 512
Code Code FamilyFamily
Orthogonal Variable Spreading FactorOrthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10ms code Gold Long 10ms code Gold codecode
Short code Extended S(2) Short code Extended S(2) code Familycode Family
Increase Increase BWBW
YESYES NONO
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
UMTSIMT-2000 ArchitectureUMTSIMT-2000 Architecture
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
UMTS Protocol StackUMTS Protocol Stack
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
WCDMA PHYSICAL Layer
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
Physical LayerPhysical Layer The physical layer offers information transfer services to the
MAC layer These services are denoted as Transport channels (TrChrsquos) There are also Physical channels
Physical layer comprises following functionsbull 1048713 Various handover functions
bull 1048713 Error detection and report to higher layers
bull 1048713 Multiplexing of transport channels
bull 1048713 Mapping of transport channels to physical channels
bull 1048713 Fast Close loop Power control
bull 1048713 Frequency and Time Synchronization
bull 1048713 Other responsibilities associated with transmitting and receiving signals over the wireless media
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
Transport amp Physical ChannelsTransport amp Physical ChannelsTransport ChannelTransport Channel Physical ChannelPhysical Channel
(ULDL) Dedicated Channel (ULDL) Dedicated Channel DCHDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPDCHDPDCH
Dedicated Physical Control Channel Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCCHDPCCH
(UL) Random Access Channel (UL) Random Access Channel RACHRACH Physical random access channel Physical random access channel PRACHPRACH
(UL) Common packet channel (UL) Common packet channel CPCHCPCH Physical common packet channel Physical common packet channel PCPCHPCPCH
(DL) Broadcast channel (DL) Broadcast channel BCHBCH Primary common control physical channel Primary common control physical channel P-CCPCHP-CCPCH
(DL) Forward access channel (DL) Forward access channel FACHFACH
(DL) Paging channel (DL) Paging channel PCHPCH
Secondary common control physical channel Secondary common control physical channel S-S-CCPCHCCPCH
(DL) Downlink shared channel (DL) Downlink shared channel DSCHDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Physical downlink shared channel PDSCHPDSCH
Signaling physical channelsSignaling physical channels
Synchronization channel Synchronization channel SCHSCH
Common pilot channel Common pilot channel CPICHCPICH
Acquisition indication channel Acquisition indication channel AICHAICH
Paging indication channel Paging indication channel PICHPICH
CPCH Status indication channel CPCH Status indication channel CSICHCSICH
Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator Collision detectionChannel assignment indicator channel channel CDCA-ICHCDCA-ICH
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
WCDMA MAC LayerWCDMA MAC Layer
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
MAC LayerMAC Layer
The MAC layer offers Data transfer to RLC and higher layers The MAC layer comprises the following functions
bull Selection of appropriate TF (basically bit rate) within a predefined set per information unit delivered to the physical layer
bull Service multiplexing on RACH FACH and dedicated channelsbull Priority handling between lsquodata flowsrsquo of one user as well as between
data flows from several usersmdashthe latter being achieved by means of dynamic scheduling
bull Access control on RACHbull Address control on RACH and FACHbull Contention resolution on RACH
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
WCDMA RLC LayerWCDMA RLC Layer
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
RLC LayerRLC Layer
The RLC layer offers the following services to the higher layersbull Layer 2 connection establishmentreleasebull Transparent data transfer ie no protocol overhead is appended to the
information unit received from the higher layerbull Assured and un assured data transfer
The RLC layer comprises the following functionsbull Segmentation and assemblybull Transfer of user databull Error correction by means of retransmission optimized for the
WCDMA physical layerbull Sequence integrity (used by at least the control plane)bull Duplicate detectionbull Flow controlbull Ciphering
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
WCDMA RRC LayerWCDMA RRC Layer
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
RRC LayerRRC Layer
The RRC layer offers the core network the following servicesbull General control service which is used as an information broadcast
servicebull Notification service which is used for paging and notification of a
selected UEsbull Dedicated control service which is used for establishmentrelease of a
connection and transfer of messages using the connection
The RRC layer comprises the following functionsbull Broadcasting information from network to all UEsbull Radio resource handling (eg code allocation handover admission
control and measurement reportingcontrol)bull QoS Controlbull UE measurement reporting and control of the reportingbull Power Control Encryption and Integrity protection
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
WCDMA Hand OverWCDMA Hand Over
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
Hand OverHand Over Intra-mode handover
bull Include soft handover softer handover and hard handover
bull Rely on the EcNo measurement performed from the CPICH
Inter-mode handoverbull Handover to the UTRA TDD mode
Inter-system handoverbull Handover to other system such as GSMbull Make measurement on the frequency during
compressed mode
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
WCDMA Power ControlWCDMA Power Control
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
Power ControlPower Control Fast Closed Loop PC ndash Inner Loop PC
bull Feedback information
bull Uplink PC is used for near-far problem Downlink PC is to ensure that there is enough power for mobiles at the cell edge
Two special cases for fast closed loop PCbull Soft handover- how to react to multiple power control
commands from several sources At the mobile a ldquopower downrdquo command has higher priority over ldquopower uprdquo command
bull Compressed mode- Large step size is used after a compressed frame to allow the power level to converge more quickly to the correct value after the break
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
Power Control (Contd)Power Control (Contd)
Open loop PCbull No feedback informationbull Make a rough estimate of the path loss by means
of a downlink beacon signalbull Provide a coarse initial power setting of the mobile
at the beginning of a connectionbull Apply only prior to initiating the transmission on
RACH or CPCH
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
WCDMA QoS SupportWCDMA QoS Support
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
UMTSWCDMA QoSUMTSWCDMA QoS
The standard provides an overview of the functionality needed to establish modify and maintain a UMTS link with a specific QoS
Divided intobull Control plane
Managing translating admitting and controlling users requests and network resources
bull User plane QoS signaling and monitoring of user data traffic
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
QoS ClassesQoS Classes Conversational (real time)-
bull VoIPbull Telephonybull Video conferencing
1048713 Streaming (real time)-bull Video and audio streams
1048713 Interactive-bull Web browsingbull Data retrievalbull Server access
1048713 Background-bull Download of emails and files
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
What next after 3GWhat next after 3G
1990 2000 2010
GSM(2G)
W-CDMA(3G)
GPRSEDGE(25G)
bull The future path has fractured into a number of possibilitiesbull Operators and vendors must create viable strategies to prosper within this complexity
4G
3G+
3G ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
3G+ ampWLAN
3G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
3G+ ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
4G ampWLAN
4G ampWLAN ampBrdcst
4G ampWLAN ampAd-hoc
25G ampWLAN
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
4G Air Interface4G Air Interface Higher bit rates than 3G (Higher bit rates than 3G (20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps20 Mbps lt peak lt 200 Mbps)) Higher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3GHigher spectral efficiency and Lower Cost per bit than 3G Air interface and MAC optimized for IP trafficAir interface and MAC optimized for IP traffic
bull Adaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQAdaptive modulationcoding with power control hybrid ARQ Smaller cells on average than 3GSmaller cells on average than 3G
bull However cell size will be made as large as possible viaHowever cell size will be made as large as possible via High power base station to boost downlink rangeHigh power base station to boost downlink range Asymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessaryAsymmetry - used to boost uplink range when necessary Adaptive antennas optionAdaptive antennas option
Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred)Higher frequency band than 3G (below 5 GHz preferred) RF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higherRF channel bandwidths of 20 MHz and higher Frequency Domain methodsFrequency Domain methods
bull OFDM is promising for downlinkOFDM is promising for downlink
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
OFDMOFDM Divides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tonesDivides the spectrum into a number of equally spaced tones Each tone carries a portion of dataEach tone carries a portion of data A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other A kind of FDMA but each tone is orthogonal with every other
tone Tones can overlap each othertone Tones can overlap each other Example 80211a WLANExample 80211a WLAN
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
SummarySummary 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the 3G wireless services are rapidly spreading the global market place with CDMA as the
preferred technology solutionpreferred technology solution The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial The following are the key 3G Technologies that have emerged to be the key commercial
playersplayers
bull CDMA2000 1XCDMA2000 1X
bull CDMA2000 1xEV-DOCDMA2000 1xEV-DO
bull UMTSWCDMAUMTSWCDMA WCDMA is one of them which provides- WCDMA is one of them which provides-
bull Larger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costLarger Bandwidth ndash Higher Data rate ndash Lower costbull Greater subscriber capacityGreater subscriber capacitybull IMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardIMT-2000 Radio interface standard offers 3G standardbull Hand Over Power Control problems are addressedHand Over Power Control problems are addressedbull QoS offered But Customers really want themQoS offered But Customers really want them
4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010)4G still in a formative stage (commercial 2010) Frequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile servicesFrequency bands less than 5 GHz preferred for wide-area mobile services 4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz4G system bandwidth between 20 and 100 MHz Lower cost per bit than 3GLower cost per bit than 3G
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
ReferencesReferencesWebsites-Websites- httpwwwsss-magcomhttpwwwsss-magcom wwwelectronicdesigncomwwwelectronicdesigncom www3g-generationcomwww3g-generationcom www3gtodaycomwww3gtodaycom httpwwwpctechguidecomhttpwwwpctechguidecom
Articles-Articles- Latest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualCommLatest Trends and New Enhancements in 3G Wireless Communications- By Rao Yallapragada QualComm WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per WCDMAmdashThe Radio Interface for Future Mobile Multimedia Communications-By Erik Dahlman Per
Beming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan RoobolBeming Jens Knutsson Fredrik Ovesjumlo Magnus Persson and Christiaan Roobol UMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne NevinUMTS -Mobile Telematics 2004-Anne Nevin Fourth Generation Cellular SystemsFourth Generation Cellular Systems
Spectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola LabsSpectrum Requirements-By Joseph M Nowack-Motorola Labs IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001IMT Project What is IMT-2000 Geneva-2001 WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada)WCDMA-Physical Layer- By Peter Chong PhD (UBC Canada) 3G-4G wireless 3G-4G wireless COMPT 880 Presentation- By COMPT 880 Presentation- By Simon Xin ChengSimon Fraser UniversitySimon Xin ChengSimon Fraser University
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Wireless Networks CSG250
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