Types of muscle and types of contraction
Lloyd Dean
Muscular System
Recap: Let’s do it again!
Team “Oxy” Team “FOG”
Walk around the room until told otherwise
1:1
12 press ups
3:1
I shall pick the music!
Every 10 seconds perform an explosive activity
10:1
Team “Bolt”
SUMMARY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES
Slow oxidative fibers Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers
Fast glycolytic fibers
Myoglobin content
Nuclei number
Filament organization
Type of respiration
Speed of contraction
Duration of contraction
Resistance to fatigue
Twitch
Function
SUMMARY OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBER TYPES
Slow oxidative fibers Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers
Fast glycolytic fibers
Myoglobin content High High Low
Nuclei number Multi nucleated Multi nucleated Multi nucleated
Filament organization Striated Striated Striated
Type of respiration Aerobic Aerobic and anaerobic Glycolysis
Speed of contraction Slow Fast Fast and strong
Duration of contraction Long Brief Short
Resistance to fatigue High Moderate Low
Twitch Slow twitch Fast twitch Fast twitch
Function Endurance activities e.g., running a marathon
Short periods of intense activity e.g., strength training or throwing a javelin
Activities such as sprinting or walking uch as sprinting or walking
AimsBy the end of the session you should be able to:
Describe the types of muscular contraction
State the terms; agonist, antagonist, fixator, synergist
Apply the first two aims to a table of various exercises
How do muscles contract?
Activity
Complete an exercise of your choice
Try and explain what is happening during the movements!
Antagonistic Pairs
Biceps – Prime mover
Triceps – Antagonistic
This muscle determines the movement of an action –by Contracting
Biceps – Antagonistic
Triceps – Prime Mover
This muscle works with the prime mover but creates an opposing action – by relaxing
Agonist, Antagonists and.......
Synergists FixatorsHelp to steady the
movement
In biceps curl the brachialis helps the action
Assist in stabilising the origin of the agonist to ensure movement occurs
In biceps curl the fixators would
Muscle contraction
Three types
Isometric
Concentric
Eccentric
Isometric Contraction
Muscle stays the same length during Contraction or when the activity is being carried out.
Name a sport/activity where isometric contraction occurs?
Concentric Contraction
This where the muscle shortens when performing an action
Name a sport/activity where Concentric contraction occurs?
Eccentric Contraction
Where the muscle lengthens under tension – ends of the muscle move further away during an action
Name a sport/activity where Eccentric contraction occurs?
Isokinetic ContractionSimilar to isotonic in that the muscle changes
length during the contraction
Isokinetic contractions produce movements of a constant speed (Specialist equipment needed to measure this)
Examples of using isokinetic contractions in day-to-day and sporting activities are rare. The best is breast stroke in swimming, where the water provides a constant, even resistance to the movement of adduction.
Time to practice…….
Type of physical activity
Agonist Antagonist Synergists
FixatorType of
contraction
Press Up (Upward phase)
Press Up (Downward
phased)
Lunge (Downward phase)
Lunge (Upward Phase)
You
You
M2 = Explain
You
D2 = AnalyseHow could you
analyse this table?
What would happen if Usain Bolt did not use fixators or synergists?
How do muscles contract?
Articulate!
Articulate!
Articulate!
Articulate!
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