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By : Fadhilah Harmen
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Whats muscle?y Muscle is a tissue whose cells are arranged longitudinally and has the ability to
cause tension which is parallel to longitudinal axis
Heart
y Muscle Smooth
Striated
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Heart Muscley Just found in Heart
y Has a slow reflex and
reactiony Used to pump blood in or
out of heart
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Smooth muscley It has homogeneous fibril
y Contract by reflex and
influenced by autonomy nervey It has a slow reaction
y Found in internal organs like
digestive tract, respiratory
tract, etc
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Striated muscle (skeleton muscle)y Contract is fast and under
what we want and influenced
by conscious nervey light and dark lines
criss-cross along the muscle
fibers.y The function is to move
skeleton and protect it fromhard impact
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Boney Function of bone :
y To make our body stand
y To make the shape of our bodyy Help our body to move
Cartilage
Bone
Osteon
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Cartilagey Composed of chondrocytes cells that secrete matrix
(condrine) of hyalline or collagen
y Cartilage in a child come from mesenchyme withmore chondrocytes then condrine
y Cartilage in an adult has less chondrocytes thencondrine
y Ex : ear leaf
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Hard boney Hard bone is made by the fused of cartilage by
using ossification process
y Cartilage has a space that will be filled by osteoblast(bone former cells), and osteoblast will produceosteosit (bone cells), every unit of bone cells willencircle the blood vessel and nerve fiber. Matrix will
produce calcium and phosphor that will make thebone hard
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Whats ossification process?y Cartilage has a space that will be filled by osteoblast
(bone former cells), and osteoblast will produce
osteosit (bone cells), every unit of bone cells willencircle the blood vessel and nerve fiber. Matrix willproduce calcium and phosphor that will make thebone hard
dismal
y Ossivication Pericondral
condral
Encondral
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Types of hard boney Long bone (pipe bone)
ex : thigh bone, finger bone, upper arm bone
Make the red blood cell
y Flat bone
y Ex : Shoulder blade bone, chest bone, rib bone
y Make the red and white blood cells
y Short bone
y Ex: spinal segmentsCarpusAnkle bone
y Make the red and white blood cell
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pic
Flat bone Long bone Short bone
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Types of pipe boney In the end of the bone called epiphyses
y In the middle of the bone called diatheses
in the center of it theres a space that contain bonemarrow. This space is formed by osteoclasts activity(Perombak tulang)
y Between epiphyses and diathese theres discus
epiphysealis. This disc is rich of osteoblast that willinfluenced the height growth
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Bone marrow
Red bone marrow (Medulla Ossium Rubba)
y Bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow (Medulla Ossium Flava)
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Pic.. Pic picture
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Differences of hard bone and cartilages
Hard bone (osteon) Cartilage
y Use to give strength tomoving organ
y Between cells theres a roomthat contain protein ,phosphorus, calcium, andcollagen
y Older people has less flexiblebone than teenager
y In hard bone we can found acanal (havers canal) in themiddle of osteon that consistthe blood vessels and nervefiber
y consist of cells calledchondrocytes
y In chondrocytes we willfound space called lacuna
y Has much more collagen thenhard bone
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PictureHard bone (osteon) Cartilage
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Whats joints?y Joint is the connection between two or more bones
y Joint is covered by joint membrane (synovial
membrane)y This membrane will produce synovial oil that used to
be the joint lubricant
y Joint is sutured by ligamen
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Types of jointsy Joints consist of 3:
y Fixed joint (sinartrosis)
Cant be movey Stiff joint (amfiartrosis)
Can be move a little bit
y Moving joint (diartrosis)
Can be move freely
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Sinartrosisy Sinartrosis adalah sendi yang tidak memungkinkan
adanya gerakan
y Sinatrosis sinfibrosis :
y sinatrosis yang tulangnya dihubungkan denganjaringan ikat fibrosa
y Contoh : persendian tulang tengkorak
y
Sinatrosis sinkondrsis :y sinatrosis yang dihubungkan oleh tulang rawan
y Contoh : hubungan antar segmen pada tulangbelakang
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Amfiartrosisy Joints that can be moved a little bit
y Sindesmosis: Tulang dihubungkan oleh jaringan ikat
serabut dan ligamen.y Contoh:persendian antara fibula dan tibia.
y Sindesmosis: Tulang dihubungkan oleh jaringan ikat
serabut dan ligamen.y Contoh:persendian antara fibula dan tibia.
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Take a pictureFixed joint Stiff joint
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Moving jointy Joint that can be move freely
y Moving joint consist of 5 :
y Gliding jointy Hinge joint
y Saddle joint
y Ball and socket joint
y Washered joint
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Gliding
joint
Joint whichhas 4directionmovement
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Another jointy Hinge joint : Joint that only can move in one
direction
: Thigh bone and calf bone joints
y Saddle joint : Joint that can move in twodirections
: thumb joints
y Ball & socket joint : Joint that can move all direction
: shoulder bone and upper arm bone
y Washered joint (pivot) : joint that move circularly
: neck bone and atlas bone
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Pic ..pic pic.
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Hope you enjoy it
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