Mortality ratesMortality rates

Ashry Gad MohamedAshry Gad Mohamed

Prof. Ashry Gad MohamedProf. Ashry Gad Mohamed

Crude death rateCrude death rate

Total number of deaths in specificTotal number of deaths in specific

year and placeyear and place

X 1000X 1000

Estimated mid year population of the Estimated mid year population of the

same year and placesame year and place

Birth rate:Birth rate: 29.34 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 29.34 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate: Death rate: 2.58 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 2.58 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate: Net migration rate: -4.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 -4.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) est.)

Adult Mortality RatesAdult Mortality Rates(probability of death between ages 15 and 60)(probability of death between ages 15 and 60)

39.70%

19.40%

23.50%

17.90%

14.80%

20.30%

9.70%

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00%

Sub-Saharan Africa

Middle East/North Africa

South Asia

East Asia/Pacific

South America

Europe/Centtral Asia

Industrialized Countries

Cause specific death rateCause specific death rate

Number of deaths due to specificNumber of deaths due to specific

disease in specific year and placedisease in specific year and place

X 1000X 1000

Estimated mid year population of the Estimated mid year population of the

same year and placesame year and place

Infant Mortality RateInfant Mortality Rate

Number of deaths of children <one yearNumber of deaths of children <one year

In a given year and placeIn a given year and place..

X1000X1000

Total number of live births at the sameTotal number of live births at the same

Year and placeYear and place

Infant Mortality RatesInfant Mortality Rates

Main Causes of DeathMain Causes of Death

Disease or ConditionDisease or ConditionProportion of Under-Proportion of Under-five Deathsfive Deaths

Neonatal IllnessesNeonatal Illnesses33%33%

DiarrheaDiarrhea22%22%

PneumoniaPneumonia21%21%

MalariaMalaria9%9%

AIDSAIDS3%3%

MeaslesMeasles1%1%

OtherOther9%9%

Malnutrition is an underlying cause of 53% of all Malnutrition is an underlying cause of 53% of all child deathschild deathsSource: The Lancet.

Vol.361, June 28, 2003

Causes of infant mortalityCauses of infant mortality

birth defects have been the leading cause of birth defects have been the leading cause of infant mortality. infant mortality.

Prematurity/low birthweight (LBW) was the Prematurity/low birthweight (LBW) was the second leading cause of infant mortality.second leading cause of infant mortality.

sudden infant death syndrome.sudden infant death syndrome. maternal pregnancy complications.maternal pregnancy complications. respiratory distress syndromerespiratory distress syndrome

Infant mortality rate: Infant mortality rate: total:total: 12.81 deaths/1,000 live births 12.81 deaths/1,000 live births male:male: 14.71 deaths/1,000 live births 14.71 deaths/1,000 live births female:female: 10.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 10.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.) est.)

Neonatal mortality rateNeonatal mortality rate

Number of deaths below 28 days of lifeNumber of deaths below 28 days of life

During certain year and placeDuring certain year and place

X 1000X 1000

Total number of live births in the sameTotal number of live births in the same

Year and placeYear and place

Post neonatal mortality ratePost neonatal mortality rate

Number of deaths 28 days to one yearNumber of deaths 28 days to one year

of life during certain year and placeof life during certain year and place

X 1000X 1000

Total number of live births in the sameTotal number of live births in the same

Year and placeYear and place

Neonatal Mortality Relative to Neonatal Mortality Relative to Infant MortalityInfant Mortality

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Bangladesh

(1999/ 2000)

Ethiopia (2000) Haiti (2000) India (1998/ 99) Nigeria (2003)

Post- Neonatal Deaths

Neonatal Deaths

Death

s p

er

1,0

00 L

ive B

irth

s

Country

Source: Demographic Health Surveys

Preschool mortality ratePreschool mortality rate

Number of deaths of children Number of deaths of children 1-4 year In a given 1-4 year In a given year and place.year and place. X 1000 X 1000 Mid year population at the sameMid year population at the same Year and placeYear and place

Causes of Death in the World Causes of Death in the World Age<5 yrsAge<5 yrs

024

68

10121416

1820

COD

Malaria

Injuries

Mealses

Non Communic.DiseaseOther

Perinatal

Acute Resp.InfectionsDiarrhea

% o

f D

eath

s

~~1111 Million Children Die/year Million Children Die/year (70% From 5 Major Causes)(70% From 5 Major Causes)

Malaria7% ARI

29%

Measles8%

Diarrhea25%

Other31%

Malnutrition 56%

Birth TraumaNeonatal DeathsTetanusFeverLow Birth Weight

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1998 2000

Summit Goal

Global

Latin America and

Caribbean

Asia Near East

Africa

Death

s p

er

1,0

00 L

ive B

irth

s

Year

Under-Five Mortality Rate: Regional and Global Averages

Source: UNICEF Times Series Estimates, 2000

Child Mortality RatesChild Mortality Rates(deaths of children under age five per 1,000 live births)(deaths of children under age five per 1,000 live births)

183

86

13

57

48

54

11

0 50 100 150 200

Sub-Saharan Africa

Middle East/North Africa

South Asia

East Asia/Pacific

Central America/Caribbean

South America

Industrialized Countries

Current SituationCurrent Situation Each year nearly Each year nearly 11 million children die11 million children die before before

the age of five,30,000 every day,largely from the age of five,30,000 every day,largely from preventable causes.preventable causes.

41% of these deaths occur in Africa, which has 41% of these deaths occur in Africa, which has only 10 % of the world’s under-five population.only 10 % of the world’s under-five population.

33% of all child deaths occur in the first month 33% of all child deaths occur in the first month of life.of life.

Maternal Mortality rateMaternal Mortality rate

Number of maternal deaths associate withNumber of maternal deaths associate with

Pregnancy, delivery & puerperium during Pregnancy, delivery & puerperium during certain year and placecertain year and place

X 1000X 1000

Number of live births in the same year Number of live births in the same year

And placeAnd place

Maternal Mortality RatesMaternal Mortality Rates(deaths 100,000 live births)(deaths 100,000 live births)

980

100

560

190

140

210

13

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Sub-Saharan Africa

Middle East/North Africa

South Asia

East Asia/Pacific

Central America/Caribbean

South America

Industrialized Countries

Still birth rateStill birth rate

Number of still births during specificNumber of still births during specific

year and placeyear and place

X 1000X 1000

Total births during that year and placeTotal births during that year and place

Still birth ratioStill birth ratio

Number of fetal deaths of 28 weeks of Number of fetal deaths of 28 weeks of gestation or more in certain year gestation or more in certain year

and placeand place

X 1000X 1000

Number of live births in the same Number of live births in the same

year and placeyear and place

Placental problems.Placental problems. Placental abruption Placental abruption due to pre-eclampsia and smoking.due to pre-eclampsia and smoking.

Birth defects: between 5 and 10 percent of Birth defects: between 5 and 10 percent of stillborn babies have abnormalities involving stillborn babies have abnormalities involving their chromosomes.their chromosomes.

Growth restriction.Growth restriction. Babies who are small Babies who are small for gestational age.for gestational age.

Infections.Infections. Bacterial infections are an Bacterial infections are an important cause of fetal deaths that occur important cause of fetal deaths that occur between 24 and 27 weeks of gestation. between 24 and 27 weeks of gestation.

Proportionate mortality rateProportionate mortality rate

Number of deaths due to a particularNumber of deaths due to a particular

cause during certain year and placecause during certain year and place

X 100X 100

Total number of deaths due to all causesTotal number of deaths due to all causes

in the same year and placein the same year and place

Case fatality rateCase fatality rate

Number of deaths due to a particularNumber of deaths due to a particular

diseasedisease

X 100X 100

Total number of cases of that diseaseTotal number of cases of that disease