Determination of human pharmaceutical and synthetic hormones in STPs effluents
along Selangor River and Klang River
Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
Mustafa Ali
and
Najat Ahmed AL-odaini
Pharmaceuticals are:
Biologically active compounds Covers a complex class of widely used
compounds as human and veterinary medicine, in agriculture and aquaculture
Exposed to the environment with very little attention
They received little attention because they are not regulated as environmental pollutants
Pharmaceuticals, bioactive Pharmaceuticals, bioactive natural wastes and known toxic natural wastes and known toxic compoundscompounds
Pharmaceuticals : Chloramphenicol, sulphonamides
Bioactive natural wastes: Estrogens
Known toxic compounds: Paraquat
POPS
General analytical technique used in pharmaceutical analysis in aqueous
environmental matrices
(1 liter water sample) and Storage at 4 ºc
filtration to remove particulate mater
Analysis using LC/MS/MS
Extraction using solid phase extraction (MCX)
Sample pretreatment (Add Na2EDTA/HCl)
Three main steps in the analytical technique must be optimized in the following order:
1. MS/MS Parameters2. LC method 3. Solid phase extraction
Method development and optimization
Example :Lovastatin
M.W
Ionization source
Precursor ion
D.I CE Parent ion scan
MRMTransitio
n
404. ESI +ve 405.6 285.5173.4225.4199.5
8251820
All ions are real
405.6 >285.5 173.4 225.4 199.5
Selangor RiverSelangor River
Klang RiverKlang River
Klang RiverKlang RiverKlang River in September
3.36
4.23
3.11
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
IK 0
1
IK 0
2
IK 0
3
IK 0
4
IK 0
5
IK 0
6
IK 0
7
IK 0
8
IK 0
9
IK 1
0
IK 1
1
IK 1
2
IK 1
3
IK 1
4
IK 1
5
IK 1
6
IK 1
7
IK 1
8
IK 1
9
IK 2
0
IK 2
1
IK 2
2
IK 2
3
IK 2
4
Sample
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
t)
ESTRONE
ESTRADIOL
Klang River in January
2.93 2.80
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
IK 0
1
IK 0
2
IK 0
3
IK 0
4
IK 0
5
IK 0
6
IK 0
7
IK 0
8
IK 0
9
IK 1
0
IK 1
1
IK 1
2
IK 1
3
IK 1
4
IK 1
5
IK 1
6
IK 1
7
IK 1
8
IK 1
9
IK 2
0
IK 2
1
IK 2
2
IK 2
3
IK 2
4
Sample
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
t)
ESTRONE
ESTRADIOL
Klang River in November
2.74 2.74
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sample
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
t)
ESTRONE
ESTRADIOL
Levels of Estrone and Estradiol in Waste Water Samples
228.
5
15.0
116.
0
44.3
7.1
53.4 57.4
78.4 84
.2
5.48
26.1
7
71.8
671
84.7
9
92.5
5
176.
17
170.
14
4.5
4.9
5.4 7.3
5.2
44.5
5
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pt)
Estrone
Estradiol
Selangor RiverSelangor RiverSelangor River in October
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Sample
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
t)
ESTRONE
ESTRADIOL
Selangor River in December
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
ISR 01 ISR 02 ISR 03 ISR 04 ISR 05 ISR 06 ISR 07 ISR 08 ISR 09
Sample
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
t)
ESTRONE
ESTRADIOL
Thank You for Your Kind Attention
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