Module 6: IPv6 Fundamentals
Module 6: IPv6 Fundamentals
• Introduction to IPv6
• Unicast IPv6 Addresses
• Configuring IPv6
Lesson 1: Introduction to IPv6
• IPv4 Limitations
• IPv6 Improvements
• Discussion: IPv6 Challenges
• IPv6 Address Space
• IPv6 Address Syntax
• IPv6 Address Types
• Neighbor Discovery
IPv4 Limitations
The limitations of IPv4 are:
• Limited number of addresses
• Routing difficult to manage
• Host configuration is complex
• No built-in security
• Limited quality of service
IPv6 Improvements
Improvements in IPv6 include:
• Larger address space
• More efficient routing
• Simpler host configuration
• Built-in security
• Better prioritized delivery support
• Redesigned headers for efficient processing and extensibility
Discussion: IPv6 Challenges
What are some of the challenges of implementing IPv6?
IPv6 Address Space
The IPv6 address space is:
• 128 bits
• Extremely large
• Allows routing flexibility
IPv6 Address Syntax
IPv6 addresses are:
• Displayed in hexadecimal
• Can use zero compression
• Use a prefix to define the network portion of the address rather than a subnet mask
Examples:
2001:0DB8:0000:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A/64
2001:DB8:0:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64
2001:DB8::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64
IPv6 Address Types
Type Description
Unicast Equivalent to IPv4 unicast
Multicast Additional unicast address types
Anycast Equivalent to IPv4 multicast
IPv6 addresses types include:
Neighbor Discovery
Some of the ND functions are:
• Router discovery
• Prefix discovery
• Parameter discovery
• Address auto-configuration
• Address resolution
• Duplicate address detection
Neighbor Discovery is a set of messages and processes that determine relationships between neighboring nodes
Neighbor Discovery is a set of messages and processes that determine relationships between neighboring nodes
Lesson 2: Unicast IPv6 Addresses
• Interface Identifiers
• What Are Global Unicast Addresses?
• What Are Link-Local Addresses?
• What Are Unique Local Unicast Addresses?
• Special IPv6 Addresses
Interface Identifiers
An interface identifier is:
•The last 64 bits of an IPv6 address
•Used as a media access control (MAC) address is in IPv4
An interface identifier can be:
•An EUI-64 address
•A randomly generated temporary identifier
•A randomly generated permanent identifier
•A manually assigned identifier
What Are Global Unicast Addresses?
Subnet ID001 Global Routing Prefix Interface ID
48 bits 16 bits 64 bits
Public Topology Site Topology Interface Identifier
Global unicast addresses are:
• Equivalent to public IPv4 addresses
• Globally routable on the Internet
• Designed for hierarchical routing
Link-local addresses are:
• Equivalent to APIPA IPv4 addresses
• Unique on the local network
• Required for Neighbor Discovery
• Always automatically configured for an interface
• Begin with FE80::/64
What Are Link-Local Addresses?
Interface ID000 … 0001111 1110 10
10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
What Are Unique Local Unicast Addresses
Unique local unicast addresses:
• Are equivalent to IPv4 private IP addresses
• Have a 40 bit Global ID you should use for your entire organization
• Have 16 bits designated for subnetting
• Replace site local addresses
1111 110 Global IDL Subnet ID Interface ID
7 bits 40 bits 64 bits16 bits
Special IPv6 Addresses
Unspecified address:
• 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or ::
• Equivalent to IPv4 address 0.0.0.0
• Only ever used as a source address
Loopback address:
• 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1
• Equivalent to IPv4 address 127.0.0.1
• Used for testing the local IPv6 stack
Lesson 3: Configuring IPv6
• IPv6 Addresses Assigned to a Host
• Demonstration: Configuring IPv6
• Address Autoconfiguration
• The Autoconfiguration Process
• What Is DHCPv6?
IPv6 Addresses Assigned to a Host
Unicast addresses:
• A link local address for each interface
• A unique local unicast address or global unicast address
• A loopback interface with ::1
Multicast addresses:
• The interface-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF01::1)
• The link-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF02::1)
• The solicited-node address for each unicast address on each interface
• The multicast addresses of joined groups on each interface
Demonstration: Configuring IPv6
In this demonstration, you will see how to configure IPv6 with a static address
Address Autoconfiguration
Address autoconfiguration can be:
• Stateful
• Stateless
Autoconfigured address states:
• Tentative
• Valid
• Preferred
• Deprecated
• Invalid
Valid
Preferred Deprecated InvalidTentative
Preferred Lifetime
Valid Lifetime
Time
The Autoconfiguration ProcessDerive link-local address:
FE80::[interface ID]
Send multicast neighbor solicitation with target address set to derived
local-link address
Neighbor advertisemen
t response received?
Initialize link-local address
Send router solicitation
Router advertisement response received?
Stop autoconfiguration
Use stateful address configuration protocol
Yes
No
No
Yes
Set hop limit, reachable time, retrans timer, MTU
Are prefix information
options present?
Is managed address
configuration flag set to 1?
Stop autoconfiguration
Process prefix options
Yes
No
Is other stateful
configuration flag set to 1?
What Is DHCPv6?
Client sends a Solicit message
Server sends an Advertise message
Client sends a Request message
Server sends a Reply message
11
22
33
44
Lab: Configuring IPv6
• Exercise 1: Defining IPv6 Networks for Internal Use
• Exercise 2: Configuring a Static IPv6 Address on a Server
Estimated time: 30 minutes
Logon information
Virtual machine NYC-DC1
User name Administrator
Password Pa$$w0rd
Lab Review
• Why was NYC-DC1 only configured with a link-local IPv6 address?
• How can you quickly identify that an IPv6 address is a unique local unicast address?
Module Review and Takeaways
• Review Questions
• Real-world Issues and Scenarios
• Best Practices
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